The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James A Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of genetic resistance to fusarium head blight and bacterial leaf streak in intermediate wheatgrass thinopyrum intermedium
Agronomy, 2019Co-Authors: Prabin Bajgain, Xiaofei Zhang, Kathryn M Turner, Rebecca D Curland, Brett Heim, Ruth Dillmacky, Carol A Ishimaru, James A AndersonAbstract:Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium, (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium, 2n = 6x = 42) is a novel Perennial Crop currently undergoing domestication efforts. It offers remarkable ecosystem services and yields higher relative to other Perennial grain Crops. While IWG is mostly resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB), identifying genomic regions associated with resistance will help protect the Crop from potential disease epidemics. An IWG biparental population of 108 individuals was developed by crossing parents differing in their response to FHB and bacterial leaf streak (BLS). The population was screened for disease reaction over three years using isolates collected from IWG plants in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Linkage maps representing the 21 IWG chromosomes were constructed from 4622 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, with one SNP at every 0.74 cM. Interval mapping identified 15 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with FHB resistance and 11 with BLS resistance. Models with two or three QTL combinations reduced FHB disease severity by up to 15%, and BLS by up to 17%. When markers associated with FHB resistance were used as cofactors in genomic selection models, trait predictive ability improved by 24–125%. These genomic regions and genetic markers associated with FHB and BLS resistance can also be used to safeguard annual cereal grains through gene introgression and selective breeding.
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towards the understanding of end use quality in intermediate wheatgrass thinopyrum intermedium high molecular weight glutenin subunits protein polymerization and mixing characteristics
Journal of Cereal Science, 2015Co-Authors: Xiaofei Zhang, Lee R Dehaan, Jaebom Ohm, Steven Haring, James A AndersonAbstract:Abstract Intermediate wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum intermedium ; IWG), is a Perennial Crop that is well-known for providing good environmental services. As a Perennial relative of wheat, IWG has good potential for development into a Perennial grain Crop. But the diversity and potential of the end-use quality of IWG grain are still unknown. Here, to understand the end-use quality of IWG, we investigated the variability among seed from 60 IWG genotypes in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), protein polymerization, and mixing characteristics. IWG genotypes have high grain protein content, ranging from 16.4 to 23.6%. Of the total proteins, the percentage of polymeric proteins show a large range across IWG genotypes, varying from 9.2 to 25.1%. Many genotypes have limited amounts of polymeric proteins, but several genotypes have large amounts of polymeric proteins and promising mixing properties, comparable to common wheat, Triticum aestivum . The amount of protein polymers in the SDS buffer unextractable fraction are significantly correlated (r ≥ 0.76) with mixograph parameters. Furthermore, we observed that HMW-GS variants showed differential contribution to protein polymerization and mixograph parameters. But the composition of HMW-GS in IWG was contributed by both parents, which might bring challenges for the evaluation of grain quality of open-pollinated IWG genotypes.
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new insights into high molecular weight glutenin subunits and sub genomes of the Perennial Crop thinopyrum intermedium triticeae
Journal of Cereal Science, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaofei Zhang, Donald L. Wyse, Lee R Dehaan, Leeann Higgins, Todd W Markowski, James A AndersonAbstract:Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) is a Perennial Crop that possesses desirable agronomic traits and provides environmental services, e.g., reducing soil erosion, nitrate leaching and inputs of energy and pesticide. Thus, intermediate wheatgrass is currently being domesticated as a Perennial grain Crop. However, the genetic information for molecular breeding is quite limited. Here we report a molecular analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in intermediate wheatgrass using gene cloning and protein biochemistry. Five HMW-GS genes were isolated from individual intermediate wheatgrass plants: two x-type genes TiHGS1 and TiHGS4, and three y-type genes TiHGS2, TiHGS3 and TiHGS5. Among them, TiHGS5 was novel and possessed an additional cysteine residue at the N-terminal domain or repetitive domain. Sequence alignments showed that TiHGS1 and TiHGS2 genes shared high identities (>96%) with the Glu-1Dx and Glu-1Dy genes, respectively, in common wheat and Aegilops species, TiHGS3 with HMW-GS genes from Dasypyrum or Pseudoroegneria, and TiHGS4 and TiHGS5 with HMW-GS genes from Thinopyrum elongatum. This work provides substantial new insights into the gene compositions and protein profiles of HMW-GS in intermediate wheatgrass, and also gives evidence about the genome components of intermediate wheatgrass.
Lee R Dehaan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbon and water relations in Perennial kernza thinopyrum intermedium an overview
Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriel De Oliveira, Timothy E. Crews, Lee R Dehaan, Nathaniel A Brunsell, Giulia VicoAbstract:Perennial Crops have been proposed as a more sustainable alternative to annual Crops, because they have extended growing seasons, continuous ground cover, reduced nutrient leakage, and sequester more carbon in the soils than annual Crops. One example is intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), a Perennial Crop that has been used as a cool-season forage throughout the USA and Canada and also across its native range in Eurasia. Since the 1980's, intermediate wheatgrass has been under domestication to improve seed fertility and grain yield. Commercial products are being sold under the trade name Kernza, owned by The Land Institute, located in Salina, Kansas, USA. This review provides a comprehensive framework about the physical and biological aspects involving the water and carbon cycles in Kernza plants. The main aspects we highlight here are based on previous findings regarding Kernza: i) the ability of maintaining a relatively high water-use efficiency throughout the whole growing season, which is beneficial to mitigate water stress, representing an important physiological mean to acclimate under severe, unfavorable weather conditions, and ii) its higher evapotranspiration (ET) and net carbon uptake rates, particularly when compared to annual counterparts. Only a thorough multifaceted assessment of the repercussion for carbon and water fluxes of a shift from annual Crops to Kernza will allow assessing the perspectives of such novel Perennial Crop to support food security and a number of ecosystem services, particularly under future climates.
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towards the understanding of end use quality in intermediate wheatgrass thinopyrum intermedium high molecular weight glutenin subunits protein polymerization and mixing characteristics
Journal of Cereal Science, 2015Co-Authors: Xiaofei Zhang, Lee R Dehaan, Jaebom Ohm, Steven Haring, James A AndersonAbstract:Abstract Intermediate wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum intermedium ; IWG), is a Perennial Crop that is well-known for providing good environmental services. As a Perennial relative of wheat, IWG has good potential for development into a Perennial grain Crop. But the diversity and potential of the end-use quality of IWG grain are still unknown. Here, to understand the end-use quality of IWG, we investigated the variability among seed from 60 IWG genotypes in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), protein polymerization, and mixing characteristics. IWG genotypes have high grain protein content, ranging from 16.4 to 23.6%. Of the total proteins, the percentage of polymeric proteins show a large range across IWG genotypes, varying from 9.2 to 25.1%. Many genotypes have limited amounts of polymeric proteins, but several genotypes have large amounts of polymeric proteins and promising mixing properties, comparable to common wheat, Triticum aestivum . The amount of protein polymers in the SDS buffer unextractable fraction are significantly correlated (r ≥ 0.76) with mixograph parameters. Furthermore, we observed that HMW-GS variants showed differential contribution to protein polymerization and mixograph parameters. But the composition of HMW-GS in IWG was contributed by both parents, which might bring challenges for the evaluation of grain quality of open-pollinated IWG genotypes.
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new insights into high molecular weight glutenin subunits and sub genomes of the Perennial Crop thinopyrum intermedium triticeae
Journal of Cereal Science, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaofei Zhang, Donald L. Wyse, Lee R Dehaan, Leeann Higgins, Todd W Markowski, James A AndersonAbstract:Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) is a Perennial Crop that possesses desirable agronomic traits and provides environmental services, e.g., reducing soil erosion, nitrate leaching and inputs of energy and pesticide. Thus, intermediate wheatgrass is currently being domesticated as a Perennial grain Crop. However, the genetic information for molecular breeding is quite limited. Here we report a molecular analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in intermediate wheatgrass using gene cloning and protein biochemistry. Five HMW-GS genes were isolated from individual intermediate wheatgrass plants: two x-type genes TiHGS1 and TiHGS4, and three y-type genes TiHGS2, TiHGS3 and TiHGS5. Among them, TiHGS5 was novel and possessed an additional cysteine residue at the N-terminal domain or repetitive domain. Sequence alignments showed that TiHGS1 and TiHGS2 genes shared high identities (>96%) with the Glu-1Dx and Glu-1Dy genes, respectively, in common wheat and Aegilops species, TiHGS3 with HMW-GS genes from Dasypyrum or Pseudoroegneria, and TiHGS4 and TiHGS5 with HMW-GS genes from Thinopyrum elongatum. This work provides substantial new insights into the gene compositions and protein profiles of HMW-GS in intermediate wheatgrass, and also gives evidence about the genome components of intermediate wheatgrass.
Xiaofei Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of genetic resistance to fusarium head blight and bacterial leaf streak in intermediate wheatgrass thinopyrum intermedium
Agronomy, 2019Co-Authors: Prabin Bajgain, Xiaofei Zhang, Kathryn M Turner, Rebecca D Curland, Brett Heim, Ruth Dillmacky, Carol A Ishimaru, James A AndersonAbstract:Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium, (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium, 2n = 6x = 42) is a novel Perennial Crop currently undergoing domestication efforts. It offers remarkable ecosystem services and yields higher relative to other Perennial grain Crops. While IWG is mostly resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB), identifying genomic regions associated with resistance will help protect the Crop from potential disease epidemics. An IWG biparental population of 108 individuals was developed by crossing parents differing in their response to FHB and bacterial leaf streak (BLS). The population was screened for disease reaction over three years using isolates collected from IWG plants in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Linkage maps representing the 21 IWG chromosomes were constructed from 4622 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, with one SNP at every 0.74 cM. Interval mapping identified 15 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with FHB resistance and 11 with BLS resistance. Models with two or three QTL combinations reduced FHB disease severity by up to 15%, and BLS by up to 17%. When markers associated with FHB resistance were used as cofactors in genomic selection models, trait predictive ability improved by 24–125%. These genomic regions and genetic markers associated with FHB and BLS resistance can also be used to safeguard annual cereal grains through gene introgression and selective breeding.
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towards the understanding of end use quality in intermediate wheatgrass thinopyrum intermedium high molecular weight glutenin subunits protein polymerization and mixing characteristics
Journal of Cereal Science, 2015Co-Authors: Xiaofei Zhang, Lee R Dehaan, Jaebom Ohm, Steven Haring, James A AndersonAbstract:Abstract Intermediate wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum intermedium ; IWG), is a Perennial Crop that is well-known for providing good environmental services. As a Perennial relative of wheat, IWG has good potential for development into a Perennial grain Crop. But the diversity and potential of the end-use quality of IWG grain are still unknown. Here, to understand the end-use quality of IWG, we investigated the variability among seed from 60 IWG genotypes in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), protein polymerization, and mixing characteristics. IWG genotypes have high grain protein content, ranging from 16.4 to 23.6%. Of the total proteins, the percentage of polymeric proteins show a large range across IWG genotypes, varying from 9.2 to 25.1%. Many genotypes have limited amounts of polymeric proteins, but several genotypes have large amounts of polymeric proteins and promising mixing properties, comparable to common wheat, Triticum aestivum . The amount of protein polymers in the SDS buffer unextractable fraction are significantly correlated (r ≥ 0.76) with mixograph parameters. Furthermore, we observed that HMW-GS variants showed differential contribution to protein polymerization and mixograph parameters. But the composition of HMW-GS in IWG was contributed by both parents, which might bring challenges for the evaluation of grain quality of open-pollinated IWG genotypes.
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new insights into high molecular weight glutenin subunits and sub genomes of the Perennial Crop thinopyrum intermedium triticeae
Journal of Cereal Science, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaofei Zhang, Donald L. Wyse, Lee R Dehaan, Leeann Higgins, Todd W Markowski, James A AndersonAbstract:Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) is a Perennial Crop that possesses desirable agronomic traits and provides environmental services, e.g., reducing soil erosion, nitrate leaching and inputs of energy and pesticide. Thus, intermediate wheatgrass is currently being domesticated as a Perennial grain Crop. However, the genetic information for molecular breeding is quite limited. Here we report a molecular analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in intermediate wheatgrass using gene cloning and protein biochemistry. Five HMW-GS genes were isolated from individual intermediate wheatgrass plants: two x-type genes TiHGS1 and TiHGS4, and three y-type genes TiHGS2, TiHGS3 and TiHGS5. Among them, TiHGS5 was novel and possessed an additional cysteine residue at the N-terminal domain or repetitive domain. Sequence alignments showed that TiHGS1 and TiHGS2 genes shared high identities (>96%) with the Glu-1Dx and Glu-1Dy genes, respectively, in common wheat and Aegilops species, TiHGS3 with HMW-GS genes from Dasypyrum or Pseudoroegneria, and TiHGS4 and TiHGS5 with HMW-GS genes from Thinopyrum elongatum. This work provides substantial new insights into the gene compositions and protein profiles of HMW-GS in intermediate wheatgrass, and also gives evidence about the genome components of intermediate wheatgrass.
T Eckl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of series of variety trials with Perennial Crops
Grass and Forage Science, 2014Co-Authors: Hans-peter Piepho, T EcklAbstract:Field trials with Perennial Crops give rise to repeated measurements taken on the same plot on several occasions. It is important to account for serial correlation among repeated measurements in such trials. This study illustrates the use of mixed models for this purpose. We consider the analysis of trials conducted at several locations and the combination of trials with different starting years. A key issue in the analysis is the distinction between effects of calendar years, which are associated with external environmental variation, and harvest years, which represent internal yield formation processes of the Perennial Crop. Two methods of two-stage analysis are compared with single-stage analysis. It is shown that results of two-stage analysis are very similar to those of single-stage analysis, if serial correlation is properly taken into account. Program code for the MIXED procedure of the SAS system is given in an Appendix S1 for all considered cases.
Timothy E. Crews - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Abiotic and biotic context dependency of Perennial Crop yield.
PloS one, 2020Co-Authors: Thomas P. Mckenna, Liz Koziol, James D. Bever, Timothy E. Crews, Benjamin A. SikesAbstract:Perennial Crops in agricultural systems can increase sustainability and the magnitude of ecosystem services, but yield may depend upon biotic context, including soil mutualists, pathogens and Cropping diversity. These biotic factors themselves may interact with abiotic factors such as drought. We tested whether Perennial Crop yield depended on soil microbes, water availability and Crop diversity by testing monocultures and mixtures of three Perennial Crop species: a novel Perennial grain (intermediate wheatgrass-Thinopyrum intermedium-- that produces the Perennial grain Kernza®), a potential Perennial oilseed Crop (Silphium intregrifolium), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Perennial Crop performance depended upon both water regime and the presence of living soil, most likely the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the whole soil inoculum from a long term Perennial monoculture and from an undisturbed native remnant prairie. Specifically, both Silphium and alfalfa strongly benefited from AM fungi. The presence of native prairie AM fungi had a greater benefit to Silphium in dry pots and alfalfa in wet pots than AM fungi present in the Perennial monoculture soil. Kernza did not benefit from AM fungi. Crop mixtures that included Kernza overyielded, but overyielding depended upon inoculation. Specifically, mixtures with Kernza overyielded most strongly in sterile soil as Kernza compensated for poor growth of Silphium and alfalfa. This study identifies the importance of soil biota and the context dependence of benefits of native microbes and the overyielding of mixtures in Perennial Crops.
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carbon and water relations in Perennial kernza thinopyrum intermedium an overview
Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Gabriel De Oliveira, Timothy E. Crews, Lee R Dehaan, Nathaniel A Brunsell, Giulia VicoAbstract:Perennial Crops have been proposed as a more sustainable alternative to annual Crops, because they have extended growing seasons, continuous ground cover, reduced nutrient leakage, and sequester more carbon in the soils than annual Crops. One example is intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), a Perennial Crop that has been used as a cool-season forage throughout the USA and Canada and also across its native range in Eurasia. Since the 1980's, intermediate wheatgrass has been under domestication to improve seed fertility and grain yield. Commercial products are being sold under the trade name Kernza, owned by The Land Institute, located in Salina, Kansas, USA. This review provides a comprehensive framework about the physical and biological aspects involving the water and carbon cycles in Kernza plants. The main aspects we highlight here are based on previous findings regarding Kernza: i) the ability of maintaining a relatively high water-use efficiency throughout the whole growing season, which is beneficial to mitigate water stress, representing an important physiological mean to acclimate under severe, unfavorable weather conditions, and ii) its higher evapotranspiration (ET) and net carbon uptake rates, particularly when compared to annual counterparts. Only a thorough multifaceted assessment of the repercussion for carbon and water fluxes of a shift from annual Crops to Kernza will allow assessing the perspectives of such novel Perennial Crop to support food security and a number of ecosystem services, particularly under future climates.
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community structure of soil fungi in a novel Perennial Crop monoculture annual agriculture and native prairie reconstruction
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Thomas P. Mckenna, Timothy E. Crews, Laura Kemp, Benjamin A. SikesAbstract:The use of Perennial Crop species in agricultural systems may increase ecosystem services and sustainability. Because soil microbial communities play a major role in many processes on which ecosystem services and sustainability depend, characterization of soil community structure in novel Perennial Crop systems is necessary to understand potential shifts in function and Crop responses. Here, we characterized soil fungal community composition at two depths (0-10 and 10-30 cm) in replicated, long-term plots containing one of three different Cropping systems: a tilled three-Crop rotation of annual Crops, a novel Perennial Crop monoculture (Intermediate wheatgrass, which produces the grain Kernza®), and a native prairie reconstruction. The overall fungal community was similar under the Perennial monoculture and native vegetation, but both were distinct from those in annual agriculture. The mutualist and saprotrophic community subsets mirrored differences of the overall community, but pathogens were similar among Cropping systems. Depth structured overall communities as well as each functional group subset. These results reinforce studies showing strong effects of tillage and sampling depth on soil community structure and suggest plant species diversity may play a weaker role. Similarities in the overall and functional fungal communities between the Perennial monoculture and native vegetation suggest Kernza® Cropping systems have the potential to mimic reconstructed natural systems.