The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John P Giesy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transport of short chain perfluoroalkyl acids from concentrated fluoropolymer facilities to the daling river estuary china
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015Co-Authors: Pei Wang, Tieyu Wang, Yonglong Lu, Qifeng Li, Yueqing Zhang, Yaning Fu, Yang Xiao, John P GiesyAbstract:After global commercialization of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) as substitutes to conventional long-chain PFAAs by the major manufacturers, two fluorine industry parks for production of short-chain PFAAs located in the Daling River Basin of northern China have developed rapidly in the last few years. This study provides a systematic assessment of sources, emissions, transportation, and potential risks of the PFAAs in this area. The C4 Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) were the predominant short-chain PFAAs in river water, with maximum concentrations of 2.90 and 1.35 μg/L, respectively. Park 1 equipped with a telomerization process was identified to be the source of linear and branched mixtures of PFBS, PFBA, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), while park 2 with an electrochemical fluorination process (ECF) was identified to be the source of linear and branched mixtures of PFBS and PFOA. Partition coefficients between water and sediment were consistent for C4-C8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) but directly proportional to C9-C11 PFCAs and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs). Analysis on the health risk of PFBS and PFBA suggested that they were not without risk since short chain PFAAs are known to be recalcitrant during water treatment.
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acute and chronic effects of Perfluorobutane sulfonate pfbs on the mallard and northern bobwhite quail
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: John L Newsted, Susan A Beach, Sean P Gallagher, John P GiesyAbstract:Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) can be a final degradation product of Perfluorobutane sulfonyl fluoride (PBSF)-based chemicals. Surfactants based on this chemistry are potential replacements for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-related products and have many potential applications in industrial and commercial processes and applications. To evaluate the potential hazard that PFBS may pose to avian species, acute dietary studies with juvenile mallards and northern bobwhite quail, as well as a quail dietary chronic study of reproduction were conducted. In the acute studies, 10-day-old mallards and quail were exposed to nominal dietary concentrations of 1,000, 1,780, 3,160, 5,620 or 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed, wet weight (ww) for 5 days and the birds were then fed an untreated diet and observed for up to 17 days. No treatment-related mortalities were observed in the study up to 10,000 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed. Body weight gains of quail exposed to 5620 or 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed were statistically less than that of unexposed controls. Weight gain of mallards exposed to 10,000 mg PFBS/kg feed was statistically less than that of controls. There were no statistically significant effects on feed consumption of either species. In the acute studies, no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) for mallards and quail were 5620 and 3160 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed, respectively. In a reproduction study, adult quail were exposed to nominal dietary concentrations of 100, 300, or 900 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed for up to 21 weeks. There were no treatment-related mortalities or effects on body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, histopathology measures, or reproductive parameters evaluated in the study when compared to the control group. Concentrations of PFBS in blood serum, liver, and eggs were dose-dependent but were less than the administered dose, indicating biodiminution. Based on the results from the quail reproduction study, the dietary NOAEC was 900 mg PFBS/kg, ww feed (equivalent to an ADI of 87.8 mg PFBS/kg bw/d).
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alkaline digestion and solid phase extraction method for perfluorinated compounds in mussels and oysters from south china and japan
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: M K So, John P Giesy, Sachi Taniyasu, G J Zheng, Nobuyoshi YamashitaAbstract:Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been identified in the coastal waters of China and Japan. An alkaline digestion method, coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced with high-resolution electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine PFCs in mussel and oyster samples from coastal waters of south China and Japan. These techniques produced adequate recoveries and reporting limits with small quantities of PFCs. Concentrations of individual PFCs in mussels and oysters from south China and Japan ranged from 113.6 to 586.0 pg/g, wet weight (ww) for PFOS, 63.1 to 511.6 pg/g, ww for perfluorohexane sulfonate, 9.3 to 30.1 pg/g, ww for Perfluorobutane sulfonate and 37.8 to 2957.0 pg/g, ww for perfluorooctane sulfonamide. The quantification of perfluorinated carboxylates was compromised by interferences from carboxylates in the procedural blanks. Perfluoroundecanoate and perfluorononanoate had relatively great blank interferences, which resulted in relatively poor limits of quantification for these compounds. Some PFCs were only identified in a limited number of samples: perfluorododecanoate in samples from Tokyo Bay, Japan (195.9 pg/g, ww); and perfluorodecanoate in Fuzhou, China (131.7 pg/g, ww) and Tokyo Bay (118.6 pg/g, ww). The greatest concentrations of perfluorooctanoate, perfluoroheptanoate, and perfluorohexanoate were observed in samples from Tokyo Bay and Bei Hai, south China.
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inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by perfluorinated compounds in rat liver and dolphin kidney epithelial cell lines in vitro and sprague dawley rats in vivo
Toxicological Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Paul D Jones, Christopher Lau, Brad L Upham, James E Trosko, John P GiesyAbstract:Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is the major pathway of intercellular signal transduction, and is thus important for normal cell growth and function. Recent studies have revealed a global distribution of some perfluorinated organic compounds, especially perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in the environment. Because other perfluoroalkanes had been shown to inhibit GJIC, the effects of PFOS and related sulfonated fluorochemicals on GJIC were studied using a rat liver epithelial cell line (WBF344) and a dolphin kidney epithelial cell line (CDK). In vivo effects on GJIC were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats orally exposed to PFOS for 3 days or 3 weeks. Effects on GJIC were measured using the scrape loading dye technique. PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHA) were found to inhibit GJIC in a dose-dependent fashion, and this inhibition occurred rapidly and was reversible. Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) showed no significant effects on GJIC within the concentration range tested. A structure activity relationship was established among all 4 tested compounds, indicating that the inhibitory effect was determined by the length of fluorinated tail and not by the nature of the functional group. The results of the studies of the 2 cell lines and the in vivo exposure were comparable, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of the selected perfluorinated compounds on GJIC were neither species
Mallavarapu Megharaj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acute toxicity and transgenerational effects of Perfluorobutane sulfonate on caenorhabditis elegans
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2021Co-Authors: Manjurul Islam Chowdhury, Tanmoy Sana, Logeshwaran Panneerselvan, Rajarathnam Dharmarajan, Mallavarapu MegharajAbstract:Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), due to its increasing use as an alternative to perfluooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is widely detected in humans and the environment, necessitating the evaluation of its potential ecotoxicological risk. We assessed the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of PFBS in Caenorhabditis elegans, using lethality, locomotion, reproduction, life span, growth, and chemotactic behavior as the effect parameters. In addition, a total of 6 generations of exposed parent animals were monitored for locomotion, brood, and life span behaviors. Life span and brood size were significantly reduced in parent nematodes (P0) following exposure to ≥0.1 mM PFBS, but these negative effects did not transfer to the progeny. Although there was no remarkable effect on reproduction and life span in parent worms exposed to ≤0.01 mM PFBS, multigenerational exposure at 0.0005 mM significantly affected the F4 and F5 progeny. Furthermore, 0.01 to 2.0 mM of PFBS substantially retarded the locomotion behavior of P0 worms. At higher concentrations such as 1.0 mM, this negative effect on locomotion was transferred to the next generation (F1) but later recovered from F2 progeny onward. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that chronic exposure to PFBS at higher concentrations can cause behavioral toxicity and could be transferred to the progeny. These findings have significant implications for the environmental risk assessment of PFBS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1973-1982. © 2021 SETAC.
Tore Skotland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pharmacokinetics of Perfluorobutane following intravenous bolus injection and continuous infusion of sonazoid in healthy volunteers and in patients with reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Kristin Landmark, Per Wiik Johansen, Judith A Johnson, Bjorn Johansen, Steinar Uran, Tore SkotlandAbstract:The ultrasound contrast agent Sonazoidtrade mark was administered as an i.v. bolus injection of 0.6 microL microbubbles/kg body weight or as a continuous infusion over 30 min at a rate of 1.2 microL microbubbles/kg body weight to healthy volunteers and patients with reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity. Expired air and blood samples were collected from 32 subjects and Perfluorobutane (PFB) gas was analyzed using validated gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods. Blood concentrations of PFB declined biphasicly with a distribution half-life (t(0.5 to 15)) of 2 to 3 min and an elimination half-life (t(15 to 120)) of 30 to 45 min. Area under the curve (AUC) values in patients with impaired gas diffusion were significantly larger than those in healthy volunteers. The exhalation kinetics were somewhat variable with a PFB elimination half-life (t(15 to 120)) of 28 to 111 min. Clearance of PFB was independent of study population and mode of administration. There were no deaths and no serious adverse events that resulted in the withdrawal of a subject from the study. With the exception that arthralgia predominated in healthy volunteers, healthy volunteers and diseased subjects did not show a different adverse event profile whether Sonazoid was administered as a bolus injection or as an infusion. Assessment of laboratory parameters (serum biochemistry, haematology and urinalysis), vital signs, oxygen saturation and electrocardiograms (ECGs) showed no changes which caused safety concern. (E-mail: Kristin.Landmark@ge.com).
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disposition of Perfluorobutane in rats after intravenous injection of sonazoid
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Kim Gunnar Toft, Kristin Landmark, Steinar Uran, Svein Olaf Hustvedt, Petterarnt Hals, Inger Oulie, Per Trygve Normann, Tore SkotlandAbstract:Abstract The new ultrasound contrast agent Sonazoid™ was injected IV in rats at doses of 0.8 and 8 μL Perfluorobutane (PFB)-containing microbubbles/kg body weight. Samples were obtained from blood, liver, spleen, fat, kidney, muscle, heart, lung and brain from both males and females and the PFB gas was analyzed using validated gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods. No differences were observed between genders or doses for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters. For all tissues, the highest concentrations were observed at the first time point (i.e., 5 min postinjection) (51% of injected dose in liver; total recovery of 69%). The highest concentrations of PFB in tissue were observed in spleen > liver > lung > kidney >> other tissues. At 24 h after dosing, the total amount of PFB remaining in the tissues was 1.9%. These data fit well with the finding that after a Sonazoid™ dose of 8 μL microbubbles/kg to male rats, more than 50% of the injected PFB was recovered in exhaled air by 20 min after dosing. During the first 24 h after administration, more than 96% of the PFB dose was recovered in exhaled air. (E-mail: kim.toft@ge.com )
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hepatic clearance of sonazoid Perfluorobutane microbubbles by kupffer cells does not reduce the ability of liver to phagocytose or degrade albumin microspheres
Cell and Tissue Research, 2003Co-Authors: G M Kindberg, Helge Tolleshaug, Norbert Roos, Tore SkotlandAbstract:This study has been performed to examine which cells are responsible for the hepatic clearance of the new ultrasound contrast agent Sonazoid and to study whether uptake of these gas microbubbles disturbs the function of the cells involved. Sonazoid was injected into rats and perfused fixed livers were studied by electron microscopy, which revealed that the Sonazoid microbubbles were exclusively internalised in Kupffer cells, i.e. by the macrophages located in the liver sinusoids, and not by parenchymal, stellate or endothelial cells. This is the first demonstration of intact phagocytosed gas microbubbles within Kupffer cells. Uptake of the Sonazoid Perfluorobutane microbubbles by the Kupffer cells following injection of a dose corresponding to 20x the anticipated clinical dose for liver imaging did not result in measurable changes in the uptake and degradation of radioactively labelled albumin microspheres previously shown to be a useful indicator marker for Kupffer cell phagocytosis.
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determination of Perfluorobutane in rat blood by automatic headspace capillary gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2001Co-Authors: Erlend Hvattum, Steinar Uran, Inger Oulie, Per Trygve Normann, Oddvar Ringstad, Tore SkotlandAbstract:Abstract A new contrast agent (Sonazoid TM ; NC100100) for ultrasound imaging has been developed. It is an aqueous suspension of lipid stabilised Perfluorobutane (PFB) gas microbubbles. An automatic headspace capillary gas-chromatographic mass spectrometric method using electron impact ionisation was developed for analysis of Sonazoid TM PFB in rat blood. The calibration standards were gaseous PFB dissolved in ethanol in the range of 0.5–5000 ng PFB. Fluorotrichloromethane (CFC 11) was used as an internal standard of the method and the MS detector was set to single ion monitoring of the base fragment ions of PFB ( m / z 69 and 119) and CFC 11 ( m/z 101). The calibration graph, made by plotting the peak area ratios of PFB ( m/z 69) to CFC 11( m/z 101) against the amount of PFB, was fitted to a second-order polynomial equation with weighting 1/ y 2 and found to be reproducible. The limit of quantification of the method was set to 0.4 ng PFB. The between-day variation of the method was below 9.2% relative standard deviation (RSD) and the within-day variation of the method was below 7.6% RSD. The accuracy of the method, as compared to Coulter counter, was estimated by determination of PFB in samples where Sonazoid TM was added to saline and found to range from 91.5% to 105.2%. PFB, added as Sonazoid TM , was found to be stable for at least 7 months in rat blood samples when stored at −20°C.
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determination of Perfluorobutane in rat blood by automatic headspace capillary gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2001Co-Authors: Erlend Hvattum, Steinar Uran, Inger Oulie, Per Trygve Normann, Oddvar Ringstad, Tore SkotlandAbstract:A new contrast agent (Sonazoid; NC100100) for ultrasound imaging has been developed. It is an aqueous suspension of lipid stabilised Perfluorobutane (PFB) gas microbubbles. An automatic headspace capillary gas-chromatographic mass spectrometric method using electron impact ionisation was developed for analysis of Sonazoid PFB in rat blood. The calibration standards were gaseous PFB dissolved in ethanol in the range of 0.5-5000 ng PFB. Fluorotrichloromethane (CFC 11) was used as an internal standard of the method and the MS detector was set to single ion monitoring of the base fragment ions of PFB (m/z 69 and 119) and CFC 11 (m/z 101). The calibration graph, made by plotting the peak area ratios of PFB (m/z 69) to CFC 11(m/z 101) against the amount of PFB, was fitted to a second-order polynomial equation with weighting 1/y2 and found to be reproducible. The limit of quantification of the method was set to 0.4 ng PFB. The between-day variation of the method was below 9.2% relative standard deviation (RSD) and the within-day variation of the method was below 7.6% RSD. The accuracy of the method, as compared to Coulter counter, was estimated by determination of PFB in samples where Sonazoid was added to saline and found to range from 91.5% to 105.2%. PFB, added as Sonazoid, was found to be stable for at least 7 months in rat blood samples when stored at -20 degrees C.
Deresh Ramjugernath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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isothermal vapor liquid equilibrium data and thermodynamic modeling for binary systems of Perfluorobutane r610 methane or hydrogen sulfide at 293 313 and 333 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2014Co-Authors: Mulamba Marc Tshibangu, Alain Valtz, Caleb Narasigadu, Christophe Coquelet, Deresh RamjugernathAbstract:Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data for binary systems comprising Perfluorobutane (R610) with methane (CH4) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured at isothermal conditions of approximately (293, 313, and 333) K, and pressures up to 9.837 MPa. The data were measured using a “static-analytic” apparatus equipped with a mobile pneumatic capillary sampler. The experimental data were correlated via the direct method using two sets of thermodynamic models. The Peng–Robinson equation of state incorporating the Mathias–Copeman α function, with the Wong–Sandler mixing rule utilizing the nonrandom two-liquid activity coefficient model, was used for the correlation of the CH4 + C4F10 system, while the Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state incorporating the Mathias–Copeman α function, with the modified Huron–Vidal first-order mixing rule utilizing the nonrandom two-liquid activity coefficient model was used for the H2S + C4F10 system.
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Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Data and Thermodynamic Modeling for Binary Systems Containing Perfluorobutane (R610) with Carbon Monoxide or Nitric Oxide at (293, 313, and 333) K
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 2014Co-Authors: Mulamba Marc Tshibangu, Alain Valtz, Caleb Narasigadu, Christophe Coquelet, Deresh RamjugernathAbstract:Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data are presented for binary systems containing Perfluorobutane with carbon monoxide or nitric oxide. The measurements were undertaken for both systems at three temperatures ranging from (293 to 333) K, with pressures ranging from (0.965 to 16.130) MPa. The measured data were successfully correlated via the direct method using the Peng-Robinson equation of state incorporating the Mathias-Copeman/Stryjek-Vera alpha function and the Wong-Sandler mixing rule utilizing the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model.
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isothermal vapor liquid equilibrium data for the Perfluorobutane r610 ethane system at temperatures from 263 to 353 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011Co-Authors: Elise El Ahmar, Alain Valtz, Christophe Coquelet, Paramespri Naidoo, Deresh RamjugernathAbstract:Isothermal vapor−liquid equilibrium data for the Perfluorobutane (R610) + ethane system, which were measured at seven isotherms ranging from (263.14 to 353.14) K, with pressure ranging from (0.2 to 4.6) MPa, are presented. The vapor pressure of R610 was also measured. The measurements were performed using a “static-analytic” apparatus, equipped with two pneumatic ROLSI capillary samplers, with phase analysis via gas chromatography. The measured data are correlated, and parameters are presented for two models, viz., the Peng−Robinson equation of state with the Mathias−Copeman alpha function and the Wong−Sandler mixing rules incorporating the NRTL model and the predictive Soave−Redlich−Kwong model.
Jae Young Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contrast enhanced us with Perfluorobutane for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance a multicenter diagnostic trial scan
Radiology, 2019Co-Authors: Ji Hoon Park, Misuk Park, So Jung Lee, Woo Kyoung Jeong, Jae Young Lee, Min Jung Park, Sung Soo Lee, Kyunghwa Han, Chung Mo NamAbstract:Background US has served as a standard surveillance tool for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the detection rate and false referral rate with this modality are suboptimal. Purpose To evaluate the added value of Perfluorobutane-enhanced US when combined with conventional B-mode US as an HCC surveillance tool in participants with liver cirrhosis. Materials and Methods This prospective multi-institution diagnostic trial (https://ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02188901) used an intraindividual comparison design in a single arm of study participants and was conducted at five referral hospitals. Eligible participants who had liver cirrhosis related to viral hepatitis and were undergoing US for HCC surveillance were enrolled from October 2014 to August 2016. Immediately after completion of B-mode US but before performance of Perfluorobutane-enhanced US, operating radiologists entered the results of B-mode US. After completion of subsequent Perfluorobutane-enhanced US (Kupffer phase with or without vascular-phase US), the radiologists recorded the results. The presence of HCC was confirmed either with pathologic analysis or radiologically by using dynamic contrast material-enhanced CT or gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. The primary end points were the detection rate of early-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system stage 0 or A) and false referral rate. The primary end points were compared in a per-participant manner by using the McNemar test. Results A total of 524 participants (mean age, 54 years ± 9 [standard deviation]) were included. Of these, 493 (94.1%) had liver cirrhosis related to the hepatitis B virus. Ten HCCs were confirmed in eight participants. The detection rate of early-stage HCC was not significantly improved by adding Perfluorobutane-enhanced US to conventional B-mode US (difference, 0.4% [95% confidence interval: -0.3%, 1.1%]; P = .16). The false referral rate was significantly reduced (difference, -3.2% [95% confidence interval: -5.0%, -1.4%]; P < .001). Conclusion The addition of Perfluorobutane-enhanced US to conventional B-mode US reduced the false referral rate without a significant improvement in the detection rate of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma for surveillance in a population in which the hepatitis B virus predominated. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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contrast enhanced us with Perfluorobutane sonazoid used as a surveillance test for hepatocellular carcinoma hcc in cirrhosis scan an exploratory cross sectional study for a diagnostic trial
BMC Cancer, 2017Co-Authors: Ji Hoon Park, Misuk Park, So Jung Lee, Woo Kyoung Jeong, Jae Young Lee, Min Jung Park, Kyunghwa Han, Chung Mo Nam, Seong Ho Park, Kyoung Ho LeeAbstract:Ultrasonography (US) is widely used as a standard surveillance tool for patients who are at a high risk of having hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, conventional B-mode US appears to be insufficient in order to ensure the early detection of HCC. Perfluorobutane allows very stable Kupffer phase imaging for at least 60 min, which is tolerable for examinations of the entire liver. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the added value of contrast-enhanced US using Perfluorobutane to that of conventional B-mode US as an HCC surveillance tool for patients with liver cirrhosis. SCAN (Sonazoid-US for surveillance of hepatoCellulArcarciNoma) is a prospective, multi-institutional, diagnostic trial using an intra-individual comparison design in a single arm of patients. This study was approved by our five institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all participating. We obtained consent for publication of these data (contrast enhanced US images, CT or MRI images, laboratory findings, age, sex) from all participating patients. All patients will undergo conventional B-mode US immediately followed by contrast-enhanced US. The standardized case report forms will be completed by operating radiologists after B-mode US and contrast-enhanced US, respectively. If any lesion(s) is detected, the likelihood of HCC will be recorded. The primary endpoints are a detection rate of early-stage HCC and a false referral rate of HCC. Intra-individual comparison using Mcnemar’s test will be performed between B-mode US and contrast-enhanced US. The study will include 523 patients under HCC surveillance in five medical institutions in Korea. SCAN is the first study to investigate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced US in surveillance using two reciprocal endpoints specialized for the evaluation of a surveillance test. SCAN will provide evidence regarding whether patients can truly benefit from contrast-enhanced US in terms of the detection of early stage HCC while avoiding additional unnecessary examinations. In addition to the study protocol, we elaborate on potentially debatable components of SCAN, including the design of an intra-individual comparison study, study endpoints, composite reference standards, and indefinite imaging criteria regarding the likelihood of HCC. The date of trial registration (ClincalTrials.gov: NCT02188901 ) in this study is July 3, 2014. The last patient enrolled in August 30, 2016 and follow up to see the primary end point is still ongoing. All authors have no other relationships/conditions/circumstances that present a potential conflict of interest of relationships. Our study protocol has undergone peer-review by the funding body (GE Healthcare). No other relationships/conditions/circumstances that present a potential conflict of interest. Also, we clearly stated in the 'competing interests' section of my manuscript.
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contrast enhanced ultrasound using Perfluorobutane containing microbubbles in the assessment of liver allograft damage an exploratory prospective study
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Ijin Joo, Jae Young Lee, Dong Ho Lee, Ju Hyeon Jeon, Hyeyoung Kim, Kwangwoong Lee, Kyungsuk SuhAbstract:This prospective study investigated the usefulness of contrast (Perfluorobutane-containing microbubbles)-enhanced ultrasound in the non-invasive assessment of liver allograft damage. Forty-one liver recipients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound followed by a liver biopsy. The hepatic filling rate (time between the arrival of contrast agent in the right hepatic artery and the maximum intensity of hepatic parenchyma) and parenchymal intensity difference before and after instantaneous high-power emission in the Kupffer phase were measured. Patients with allograft damage had higher hepatic filling rates and lower parenchymal intensity differences than those without damage (42.0 ± 16.9 vs. 30.5 ± 7.7 s, p = 0.005; 6.1 ± 7.4 vs. 16.6 ± 16.1 dB, p = 0.047, respectively). In the diagnosis of liver allograft damage, hepatic filling rate and parenchymal intensity difference had sensitivities of 61.5% and 90.9% and specificities of 92.6% and 63.6% using cutoffs of >38.5 s and ≤10.3 dB, respectively. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be a promising tool in the detection of liver allograft damage.