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Mikko Myrskyla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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all time low Period Fertility in finland demographic drivers tempo effects and cohort implications
Population Studies-a Journal of Demography, 2020Co-Authors: Julia Ingrid Sofia Hellstrand, Jessica Nisen, Mikko MyrskylaAbstract:The ongoing Period Fertility decline in the Nordic countries is particularly strong in Finland, where the total Fertility rate (TFR) reached an all-time low of 1.41 in 2018. We analyse the decrease in Finland's TFR in 2010-17, and assess its consequences for cohort Fertility using complementary approaches. Decomposition of this Fertility decline shows that first births and women aged <30 are making the largest contributions. However, women aged 30-39 are also, for the first time in decades, experiencing a sustained Fertility decline. Tempo adjustments to the TFR suggest that quantum change is part of the decline. Several forecasting methods indicate that cohort Fertility is likely to decline from the long-lasting level of 1.85-1.95 to 1.75 or lower among women born in the mid-1980s. Without an exceptionally strong recovery in Fertility, Finnish cohort Fertility is likely to decline to levels currently observed among countries with very low Fertility.
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all time low Period Fertility in finland drivers tempo effects and cohort implications
Research Papers in Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Julia Ingrid Sofia Hellstrand, Jessica Nisen, Mikko MyrskylaAbstract:In several European countries previously characterized by relatively high and stable cohort Fertility, and particularly in the Nordic countries, Period total Fertility rates (TFR) have declined since 2010. The largest of these declines has been observed in Finland, where the TFR reached an all-time low of 1.49 in 2017. We analyze the decrease in the TFR in Finland since 2010, and assess the consequences of this trend for the completed Fertility of women currently of childbearing age using complementary approaches that build on existing parametric and novel nonparametric methods. Decomposition of the Fertility decline shows that this trend has been close to universal, with all age groups and parities contributing, but with first-order births and ages 25-29 making the largest contributions. At older ages, we document an important qualitative shift in Fertility dynamics: for the first time since the early 1970s, women aged 30+ are experiencing a sustained Fertility decline. All of our forecasting methods suggest that cohort Fertility is likely to decline from the 1.85-1.95 level that was reached by the 1940-1970 cohorts, to a level of 1.75 or below among women born in the mid-1980s. The tempo-adjusted TFR also suggests that quantum change is driving the decline. These findings are evidence of a strong quantum effect, and are particularly striking because they call into question whether Finland will continue to be part of the Nordic Fertility regime, which has been characterized by high and stable Fertility.
Julia Ingrid Sofia Hellstrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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all time low Period Fertility in finland demographic drivers tempo effects and cohort implications
Population Studies-a Journal of Demography, 2020Co-Authors: Julia Ingrid Sofia Hellstrand, Jessica Nisen, Mikko MyrskylaAbstract:The ongoing Period Fertility decline in the Nordic countries is particularly strong in Finland, where the total Fertility rate (TFR) reached an all-time low of 1.41 in 2018. We analyse the decrease in Finland's TFR in 2010-17, and assess its consequences for cohort Fertility using complementary approaches. Decomposition of this Fertility decline shows that first births and women aged <30 are making the largest contributions. However, women aged 30-39 are also, for the first time in decades, experiencing a sustained Fertility decline. Tempo adjustments to the TFR suggest that quantum change is part of the decline. Several forecasting methods indicate that cohort Fertility is likely to decline from the long-lasting level of 1.85-1.95 to 1.75 or lower among women born in the mid-1980s. Without an exceptionally strong recovery in Fertility, Finnish cohort Fertility is likely to decline to levels currently observed among countries with very low Fertility.
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all time low Period Fertility in finland drivers tempo effects and cohort implications
Research Papers in Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Julia Ingrid Sofia Hellstrand, Jessica Nisen, Mikko MyrskylaAbstract:In several European countries previously characterized by relatively high and stable cohort Fertility, and particularly in the Nordic countries, Period total Fertility rates (TFR) have declined since 2010. The largest of these declines has been observed in Finland, where the TFR reached an all-time low of 1.49 in 2017. We analyze the decrease in the TFR in Finland since 2010, and assess the consequences of this trend for the completed Fertility of women currently of childbearing age using complementary approaches that build on existing parametric and novel nonparametric methods. Decomposition of the Fertility decline shows that this trend has been close to universal, with all age groups and parities contributing, but with first-order births and ages 25-29 making the largest contributions. At older ages, we document an important qualitative shift in Fertility dynamics: for the first time since the early 1970s, women aged 30+ are experiencing a sustained Fertility decline. All of our forecasting methods suggest that cohort Fertility is likely to decline from the 1.85-1.95 level that was reached by the 1940-1970 cohorts, to a level of 1.75 or below among women born in the mid-1980s. The tempo-adjusted TFR also suggests that quantum change is driving the decline. These findings are evidence of a strong quantum effect, and are particularly striking because they call into question whether Finland will continue to be part of the Nordic Fertility regime, which has been characterized by high and stable Fertility.
Melissa S Kearney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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house prices and birth rates the impact of the real estate market on the decision to have a baby
Journal of Public Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Lisa J Dettling, Melissa S KearneyAbstract:Abstract This project investigates how changes in Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)-level house prices affect household Fertility decisions. Recognizing that housing is a major cost associated with child rearing, and assuming that children are normal goods, we hypothesize that an increase in house prices will have a negative price effect on current Period Fertility. This applies to both potential first-time homeowners and current homeowners who might upgrade to a bigger house with the addition of a child. On the other hand, for current homeowners, an increase in MSA-level house prices will increase home equity, leading to a positive effect on birth rates. Our results suggest that indeed, short-term increases in house prices lead to a decline in births among non-owners and a net increase among owners. The estimates imply that a $10,000 increase leads to a 5% increase in Fertility rates among owners and a 2.4% decrease among non-owners. At the mean U.S. home ownership rate, these estimates imply that the net effect of a $10,000 increase in house prices is a 0.8% increase in current Period Fertility rates. Given underlying differences in home ownership rates, the predicted net effect of house price changes varies across demographic groups. In addition, we find that changes in house prices exert a larger effect on current Period birth rates than do changes in unemployment rates.
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house prices and birth rates the impact of the real estate market on the decision to have a baby
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011Co-Authors: Lisa J Dettling, Melissa S KearneyAbstract:This project investigates how changes in Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)- level housing prices affect household Fertility decisions. Recognizing that housing is a major cost associated with child rearing, and assuming that children are normal goods, we hypothesize that an increase in house prices will have a negative price effect on current Period Fertility. This applies to both potential first-time homeowners and current homeowners who might upgrade to a bigger house with the addition of a child. On the other hand, for current homeowners, an increase in MSA-level house prices will increase home equity, leading to a positive effect on birth rates. Our results suggest that indeed, short-term increases in house prices lead to a decline in births among non-owners and a net increase among owners. The estimates imply that a $10,000 increase leads to a 5 percent increase in Fertility rates among owners and a 2.4 percent decrease among non-owners. At the mean U.S. home ownership rate, these estimates imply that the net effect of a $10,000 increase in house prices is a 0.8 percent increase in current Period Fertility rates. Given underlying differences in home ownership rates, the predicted net effect of house price changes varies across demographic groups. In addition, we find that changes in house prices exert a larger effect on current Period birth rates than do changes in unemployment rates. This project investigates how changes in Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)- level housing prices affect household Fertility decisions. Recognizing that housing is a major cost associated with child rearing, and assuming that children are normal goods, we hypothesize that an increase in house prices will have a negative price effect on current Period Fertility. This applies to both potential first-time homeowners and current homeowners who might upgrade to a bigger house with the addition of a child. On the other hand, for current homeowners, an increase in MSA-level house prices will increase home equity, leading to a positive effect on birth rates. Our results suggest that indeed, short-term increases in house prices lead to a decline in births among non-owners and a net increase among owners. The estimates imply that a $10,000 increase leads to a 5 percent increase in Fertility rates among owners and a 2.4 percent decrease among non-owners. At the mean U.S. home ownership rate, these estimates imply that the net effect of a $10,000 increase in house prices is a 0.8 percent increase in current Period Fertility rates. Given underlying differences in home ownership rates, the predicted net effect of house price changes varies across demographic groups. In addition, we find that changes in house prices exert a larger effect on current Period birth rates than do changes in unemployment rates.
Jessica Nisen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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all time low Period Fertility in finland demographic drivers tempo effects and cohort implications
Population Studies-a Journal of Demography, 2020Co-Authors: Julia Ingrid Sofia Hellstrand, Jessica Nisen, Mikko MyrskylaAbstract:The ongoing Period Fertility decline in the Nordic countries is particularly strong in Finland, where the total Fertility rate (TFR) reached an all-time low of 1.41 in 2018. We analyse the decrease in Finland's TFR in 2010-17, and assess its consequences for cohort Fertility using complementary approaches. Decomposition of this Fertility decline shows that first births and women aged <30 are making the largest contributions. However, women aged 30-39 are also, for the first time in decades, experiencing a sustained Fertility decline. Tempo adjustments to the TFR suggest that quantum change is part of the decline. Several forecasting methods indicate that cohort Fertility is likely to decline from the long-lasting level of 1.85-1.95 to 1.75 or lower among women born in the mid-1980s. Without an exceptionally strong recovery in Fertility, Finnish cohort Fertility is likely to decline to levels currently observed among countries with very low Fertility.
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all time low Period Fertility in finland drivers tempo effects and cohort implications
Research Papers in Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Julia Ingrid Sofia Hellstrand, Jessica Nisen, Mikko MyrskylaAbstract:In several European countries previously characterized by relatively high and stable cohort Fertility, and particularly in the Nordic countries, Period total Fertility rates (TFR) have declined since 2010. The largest of these declines has been observed in Finland, where the TFR reached an all-time low of 1.49 in 2017. We analyze the decrease in the TFR in Finland since 2010, and assess the consequences of this trend for the completed Fertility of women currently of childbearing age using complementary approaches that build on existing parametric and novel nonparametric methods. Decomposition of the Fertility decline shows that this trend has been close to universal, with all age groups and parities contributing, but with first-order births and ages 25-29 making the largest contributions. At older ages, we document an important qualitative shift in Fertility dynamics: for the first time since the early 1970s, women aged 30+ are experiencing a sustained Fertility decline. All of our forecasting methods suggest that cohort Fertility is likely to decline from the 1.85-1.95 level that was reached by the 1940-1970 cohorts, to a level of 1.75 or below among women born in the mid-1980s. The tempo-adjusted TFR also suggests that quantum change is driving the decline. These findings are evidence of a strong quantum effect, and are particularly striking because they call into question whether Finland will continue to be part of the Nordic Fertility regime, which has been characterized by high and stable Fertility.
Jose Antonio Ortega - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tempo adjusted Period parity progression measures Fertility postponement and completed cohort Fertility
Demographic Research, 2002Co-Authors: Hanspeter Kohler, Jose Antonio OrtegaAbstract:In this paper we introduce a new set of tempo-adjusted Period parity progression measures in order to account for two distinct implications caused by delays in childbearing: tempo distortions imply an underestimation of the quantum of Fertility in observed Period data, and the Fertility aging effect reduces higher parity births because the respective exposure is shifted to older ages when the probability of having another child is quite low. Our measures remove the former distortion and provide means to assess the latter aging effect. The measures therefore provide a unified toolkit of Fertility indices that (a) facilitate the description and analysis of past Period Fertility trends in terms of synthetic cohort measures, and (b) allow the projection of the timing, level and distribution of cohort Fertility conditional on a specific postponement scenario. Due to their explicit relation to cohort behavior, these measures extend and improve the existing adjustment of the total Fertility rate. We apply these methods to Sweden from 1970 to 1999.
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tempo adjusted Period parity progression measures assessing the implications of delayed childbearing for cohort Fertility in sweden the netherlands and spain
Demographic Research, 2001Co-Authors: Hanspeter Kohler, Jose Antonio OrtegaAbstract:In this paper we apply tempo-adjusted Period parity progression ratios (Kohler and Ortega 2002) to Sweden, the Netherlands and Spain. These countries represent three distinct demographic patterns in contemporary Europe and are of particular interest for demographers. The goal of our analyses is to (a) describe past Fertility trends in these countries in terms of synthetic cohorts and (b) project the level and distribution of completed Fertility in cohorts who have not finished childbearing. Our analyses suggest that the most recent Period Fertility patterns in these countries do not imply substantial increases in childlessness even in younger cohorts. Moreover, if these patterns prevail in the future, young cohorts would reach completed Fertility levels between 1.5-1.75.
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Period parity progression measures with continued Fertility postponement a new look at the implications of delayed childbearing for cohort Fertility
Research Papers in Economics, 2001Co-Authors: Hanspeter Kohler, Jose Antonio OrtegaAbstract:In this paper we introduce a new set of Period parity progression measures with continued Fertility postponement in order to account for two distinct implications caused by delays in childbearing: tempo distortions imply an underestimation of quantum of Fertility in observed Period data, and the Fertility aging effect reduces higher parity births because the respective exposure is shifted to older ages where the probability of having another child is quite low. Our measures remove the distortion and provide means to assess the latter aging effect. The measures therefore provide an unified toolkit of Fertility measures that (a) facilitate the description and analysis of past Period Fertility trends in terms of synthetic cohort behavior, and (b) allow the projection of the timing, level and distribution of cohort Fertility using the most recently observed Period-quantum and tempo changes. Due to their explicit relation to cohort behavior, these measures extend and improve the existing adjustment of the total Fertility rate. We apply these methods to Sweden during 1970-1999. (AUTHORS)