The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Xavier Troussard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • original article performance evaluation of the body Fluid mode on the platform sysmex xe 5000 series automated hematology analyzer
    International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 2010
    Co-Authors: A Paris, T Nhan, Edouard Cornet, J P Perol, M Malet, Xavier Troussard
    Abstract:

    Summary We evaluated the performance of the automated body Fluid mode of the Sysmex XE-5000 series automated haematology analyzer and compared the performance of the automated method for obtaining white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts and WBC differential counts with microscopic method. One hundred and seventy-four samples were analysed: 81 ascitic Fluid, 32 cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), 26 pleural Fluid (PF), 18 synovial Fluid (SF), 13 Peritoneal Fluid (PeF) and 4 other types. The agreement between the automated method and the manual reference showed high correlation, with Pearson correlation coefficients greater than 0.9 for all types of body Fluids. We also demonstrate that the automated body Fluid analysis on the XE-5000 is an acceptable alternative to the microscopic reference method as far as ascitic Fluid, Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid, SF or PF are concerned. Conversely, results for body Fluid samples from oncology patients with leukaemia or tumours showed significant differences between both methods, as XE-5000 counted blast cells and neoplastic cells in mononuclear cell count. XE-5000 could represent an attractive method for the automated analysis of WBC, RBC, mononuclear cell count (MNC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells of most body Fluids. However, CSFs from patients with leukaemia or lymphoma should be processed with the microscopic reference method in order to detect abnormal leukaemic cells.

  • performance evaluation of the body Fluid mode on the platform sysmex xe 5000 series automated hematology analyzer
    International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 2010
    Co-Authors: A Paris, T Nhan, Edouard Cornet, J P Perol, M Malet, Xavier Troussard
    Abstract:

    : We evaluated the performance of the automated body Fluid mode of the Sysmex XE-5000 series automated haematology analyzer and compared the performance of the automated method for obtaining white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts and WBC differential counts with microscopic method. One hundred and seventy-four samples were analysed: 81 ascitic Fluid, 32 cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), 26 pleural Fluid (PF), 18 synovial Fluid (SF), 13 Peritoneal Fluid (PeF) and 4 other types. The agreement between the automated method and the manual reference showed high correlation, with Pearson correlation coefficients greater than 0.9 for all types of body Fluids. We also demonstrate that the automated body Fluid analysis on the XE-5000 is an acceptable alternative to the microscopic reference method as far as ascitic Fluid, Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid, SF or PF are concerned. Conversely, results for body Fluid samples from oncology patients with leukaemia or tumours showed significant differences between both methods, as XE-5000 counted blast cells and neoplastic cells in mononuclear cell count. XE-5000 could represent an attractive method for the automated analysis of WBC, RBC, mononuclear cell count (MNC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells of most body Fluids. However, CSFs from patients with leukaemia or lymphoma should be processed with the microscopic reference method in order to detect abnormal leukaemic cells.

John D Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the euro balance trial the effect of a new biocompatible Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid balance on the Peritoneal membrane
    Kidney International, 2004
    Co-Authors: John D Williams, Nicholas Topley, Kathrine Jane Craig, Ruth Mackenzie, Monika Pischetsrieder, Cristina Lage, Jutta Passlickdeetjen
    Abstract:

    The Euro-Balance Trial: The effect of a new biocompatible Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid (balance) on the Peritoneal membrane. Background Although Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a widely accepted form of renal replacement therapy (RRT), concerns remain regarding the bioincompatible nature of standard PD Fluid. In order to evaluate whether a newly formulated Fluid of neutral pH, and containing low levels of glucose degradation products (GDP), resulted in improved in vivo biocompatibility, it was compared in a clinical study to a standard PD Fluid. Methods In a multicenter, open, randomized, prospective study with a crossover design and parallel arms, a conventional, acidic, lactate-buffered Fluid (SPDF) was compared with a pH neutral, lactate-buffered, low GDP Fluid (balance). Overnight effluent was collected and assayed for cancer antigen 125 (CA125), hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen peptide (PICP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Serum samples were assayed for circulating advanced glycosylation end products (AGE), N e -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), and imidazolone. Clinical end points were residual renal function (RRF), adequacy of Dialysis, ultrafiltration, and Peritoneal membrane function. Eighty-six patients were randomized to either group I starting with SPDF for 12 weeks (Phase I), then switching to "balance" for 12 weeks (Phase II), or group II, which was treated vice versa. Seventy-one patients completed the study with data suitable for entry into the per protocol analysis. Effluent and serum samples, together with Peritoneal function tests and adequacy measurements, were undertaken at study centers on three occasions during the study: after the four-week run-in period, after Phase I, and again after Phase II. Results In patients treated with balance there were significantly higher effluent levels of CA125 and PICP in both arms of the study. Conversely, levels of HA were lower in patients exposed to balance, while there was no change in the levels of either VEGF or TNFα. Serum CML and imidazolone levels fell significantly in balance-treated patients. Renal urea and creatinine clearances were higher in both treatment arms after patients were exposed to balance. Urine volume was higher in patients exposed to balance. In contrast, Peritoneal ultrafiltration was higher in patients on SPDF. When anuric patients were analyzed as a subgroup, there was no significant difference in Peritoneal transport characteristics or in ultrafiltration on either Fluid. There were no changes in peritonitis incidence on either solution. Conclusion This study indicates that the use of balance, a neutral pH, low GDP Fluid, is accompanied by a significant improvement in effluent markers of Peritoneal membrane integrity and significantly decreased circulating AGE levels. Clinical parameters suggest an improvement in residual renal function on balance, with an accompanying decrease in Peritoneal ultrafiltration. It would appear that balance solution results in an improvement in local Peritoneal homeostasis, as well as having a positive impact on systemic parameters, including circulating AGE and residual renal function.

  • spurious hyperglycaemia and icodextrin in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid
    BMJ, 2003
    Co-Authors: Stephen George Riley, James Chess, Kieron Donovan, John D Williams
    Abstract:

    Diabetes mellitus, in particular type 2, has become more common, and the trend is likely to continue.1 Associated comorbidity is also more common—for example, diabetes is now the most common cause of Dialysis dependent renal failure in the Western world.2 In the United Kingdom between 1991 and 1998, the incidence of new patients on Dialysis increased from 67 to more than 90 patients per million population, and the prevalence of diabetes in people receiving Dialysis has increased from 16% to 19%.3 The increasing demand for Dialysis and slower growth in capacity for haemoDialysis has reinforced the need for an integrated approach to providing Dialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis is the preferred option for a proportion of patients with end stage renal failure.4 A subgroup of patients has difficulties with removing Fluid. This can be improved with an alternative osmotic agent based on a polymer of glucose—icodextrin.5 We report a severe potentially clinical consequence of using icodextrin in a diabetic patient, which although mentioned in a specialist journal is still not widely recognised. This issue is even more important given the increasing number of diabetic patients with end stage renal failure. About 500 patients in …

  • effect of lactate buffered Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids on human Peritoneal mesothelial cell interleukin 6 and prostaglandin synthesis
    Kidney International, 1995
    Co-Authors: Janusz Witowski, Nicholas Topley, Achim Jorres, Tomasz Liberek, G A Coles, John D Williams
    Abstract:

    Effect of lactate-buffered Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids on human mesothelial cell interleukin-6 and prostaglandin synthesis. The present study focused on the evaluation of constitutive and cytokine-stimulated human Peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) IL-6 and 6-keto-PGF1α, release following pre-exposure to Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid (PDF). Exposure of HPMC to PDF pH 5.2 resulted in a time-dependent increase in cell cytotoxicity [as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release] and concomitant inhibition of constitutive and IL-1β stimulated IL-6 and 6-keto-PGF1α synthesis. After 15 minutes of exposure to PDF constitutive and IL-1β stimulated IL-6 release were reduced by 32.0 ± 9.7% and 76.0 ± 7.4% (N = 6, P

  • Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid inhibition of phagocyte function effects of osmolality and glucose concentration
    Journal of The American Society of Nephrology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Tomasz Liberek, Nicholas Topley, Achim Jorres, Gerhard M Gahl, Gerald A Coles, John D Williams
    Abstract:

    Solutions were formulated to examine, independently, the roles of osmolality and glucose in the reduction of viability and inhibition of phagocyte function by dextrose-containing Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids. The exposure of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) to test Fluids containing > or = 2.7% (wt/vol) glucose resulted in significant cytotoxicity as assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase above control values (7.12 +/- 2.65%). At the highest concentration of glucose (4.5%), lactate dehydrogenase release was 15.83 +/- 0.49% (P < 0.05). These effects were directly related to the presence of D-glucose in the test Fluids. In contrast, phagocytosis and the release of leukotriene B4 from PMN stimulated with serum-treated zymosan were significantly inhibited in an osmolality-, but not glucose-, dependent manner. The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 release from mononuclear leukocytes was inhibited by a combination of osmolality and monosaccharide concentration. Under the same conditions, PMN respiratory burst activation remained unaffected irrespective of glucose concentration or Fluid osmolality. These data indicate that, in addition to the low pH of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid and its high lactate concentration, its glucose content (either directly or as a consequence of the resulting hyperosmolality of the Fluid) inhibits cell functional parameters. These findings suggest clinically significant inhibition of host defense mechanisms because, in high-glucose Dialysis Fluids, osmolality does not reach physiologic values, even during extended intraPeritoneal dwell periods.

  • Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst activation is related to the lowering of intracellular ph
    Nephron, 1993
    Co-Authors: Tomasz Liberek, Nicholas Topley, Achim Jorres, G A Coles, Meryl M Petersen, Gerhard M Gahl, John D Williams
    Abstract:

    In order to elucidate the mechanism of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid inhibition of cell functions, laboratory-prepared Fluids were used to investigate the specific influences of low pH and high lactate co

Susan Marchione - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nosocomial outbreak due to enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin penicillin and gentamicin
    Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1993
    Co-Authors: Sandra Handwerger, Beth Raucher, David Altarac, Jean Monka, Susan Marchione
    Abstract:

    In October 1990, Enterococcus faecium that was highly resistant to glycopeptides, penicillins, and aminoglycosides was isolated from the Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid from a patient in an intensive care unit. Over the following 6 months, multiresistant E. faecium organisms were isolated from cultures of blood, urine, or surgical wound specimens from eight additional patients. Surveillance cultures of groin and/or rectal swabs were positive for eight of 37 patients and four of 62 employees at risk. Restriction endonuclease digestion of chromosomal DNA from outbreak isolates was consistent with dissemination of a single strain throughout the intensive care unit. Strict infection control interventions contained the outbreak after several weeks. Review of patient charts suggested that renal insufficiency, length of hospital stay, duration of antibiotic treatment, and prior treatment with vancomycin were risks for infection due to multiresistant E. faecium. The emergence of multiple-drug-resistant enterococci presents serious infection control and therapeutic dilemmas.

J Verhoef - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biocompatibility of a glucose polymer containing Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid
    American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 1993
    Co-Authors: Carola W H De Fijter, H A Verbrugh, Erik Heezius, Ab J M Donker, J Verhoef
    Abstract:

    The currently available glucose-containing Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids (PDF), which are all hyperosmolar, are toxic to the cells present in the Peritoneal cavity. However, glucose-polymer solutions, being isosmolar, may have improved biocompatibility in this respect. We therefore compared in vitro the effects of PDF containing glucose-polymers with that of glucose solutions on the function of donor granulocytes and monocytes (INN), and on the viability of mesothelial cells. In addition, the function of Peritoneal macrophages (PIVIO) of eight patients was studied in a randomized crossover setting following intraPeritoneal exposure to glucose-polymer- versus glucose-monomer-containing Fluid of comparable ultrafiltration capacity. Donor granulocytes, as well as INN, showed significantly better phagocytosis of both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli after incubation in the glucose-polymer solution as compared with the 3.86% glucose-containing Fluid. Their oxidative metabolism, as measured by chemiluminescence, also showed that the glucose-polymer solution was less inhibitory than Fluids containing 2.27 or 3.86% glucose. Patient-derived PING showed a significantly better phagocytic capacity for S epidermidis and E coli , a significantly higher killing of E coli, and a significantly higher chemiluminescence response after intraPeritoneal exposure to the glucose-polymer solution as compared with the glucose-monomer-based Fluid. Increasing the osmolality of the glucose-polymer solution to that of the respective glucose solutions blunted the favorable effect on phagocyte function, suggesting the beneficial effect to be osmolality-mediated. However, no major difference was observed between the glucose-polymer solution and the glucose-based Fluid in their effects on mesothelial viability. We conclude that a glucose-polymer Fluid has improved biocompatibility compared with glucose-monomer-based solutions.

Young Chul Yoon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identification of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from continuous ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid using 16s ribosomal rna tuf and soda gene sequencing
    Peritoneal Dialysis International, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jeong Hwan Shin, Haeng Soon Jeong, Seung Hwan Oh, Young Chul Yoon
    Abstract:

    ♦ Introduction: Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) is the most common pathogen in continuous ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)–associated peritonitis. There is no well-organized, standardized database for CoNS, and few studies have used gene sequencing in reporting species distribution in CAPD peritonitis. In the present study, we used 3 housekeeping genes to evaluate the prevalence of CoNS isolated from CAPD peritonitis episodes and to estimate the accuracy of, and the characteristic differences between, these genes for species identification. ♦ Methods: All 51 non-duplicated CoNS isolates obtained from CAPD peritonitis between April 2006 and May 2008 were used. The strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction and by direct sequencing using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), tuf, and sodA genes. We determined species distribution, and using selected databases, we analyzed the characteristics and diagnostic utility of the individual genes for species identification. ♦ Results: In GenBank (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), we found 49 type or reference strains for CoNS 16S rRNA, 17 for tuf, and 46 for sodA, and we used those data for sequence-similarity comparisons with CAPD isolates. Among our 51 strains, S. epidermidis (66.7%) was the most common, followed by S. haemolyticus (11.8%), S. warneri (7.8%), S. caprae (5.9%), S. capitis (3.9%), and S. pasteuri (2.0%). For 1 strain, different species results were obtained with each gene. The identification rates with 16S rRNA, sodA, and tuf gene sequencing were 84.0%, 96.0%, and 92.2% respectively. The discrimination capability of 16S rRNA gene was lower in a few individual species, and for the sodA gene, the percentage similarity to sequences from reference strains was also lower. The tuf gene had excellent identification capacity, but relatively few type strains are available in public databases. The 16S rRNA gene did not discriminate between S. caprae and S. capitis. The sodA gene showed a similarity rate that was lower than that for sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. The tuf type strain sequences for S. caprae and S. pasteuri are not available in public databases. ♦ Conclusions: The sodA, tuf, and 16S rRNA genes were very useful for CoNS identification. Each has its own characteristics of similarity, discriminative power, and inclusion in databases.

  • identification of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from continuous ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid using 16s ribosomal rna tuf and soda gene sequencing
    Peritoneal Dialysis International, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jeong Hwan Shin, Haeng Soon Jeong, Seung Hwan Oh, Young Chul Yoon
    Abstract:

    IntroductionCoagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) is the most common pathogen in continuous ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)–associated peritonitis. There is no well-organized, standardized...