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Isabel Leal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Disclosing the challenges of older clients in Person-Centered Therapy: the client’s perspective
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2015Co-Authors: Sofia Von Humboldt, Isabel LealAbstract:Dramatic increases in life expectancy within the older population have revealed challenges specific to older adults, yet these are rarely addressed in the Person-Centered literature. In this paper, we offer the perspective of adults experiencing old age, using the case of a 74-year-old older client as well as research that supports the various challenges expressed by the client. We explore several psycho-emotional challenges experienced by older adults – cognitive capacity, time perspective, autonomy, loss and reminiscing, and the aging body, in order to facilitate understanding of their specific needs. We argue that, for older adults, an empathic approach is key to creating relational depth within a therapeutic relationship so that the older client can deepen his or her personhood and his or her sense of agency. Finally, we assert that a genuine and authentic encounter between an older client and her or his therapist is the key to facilitating growth and development for the older client.
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2112 – Psycho-emotional challenges within Person-Centered Therapy through the eyes of older adults
European Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Sofia Von Humboldt, Isabel LealAbstract:Aims This research aims to evaluate psycho-emotional challenges for older adults and the relevance of Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) for older adults. Methods Forty senior adults, aged above 65 years (M = 71.7; SD = 4.6) were assessed with the the Self-Esteem Scale (‘SES’) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Socio-demographic data, including gender (57.5% women), marital status (37.5% married) and education (39.2% mandatory school) were also assessed. Bivariate associations were performed. Results Results yielded a set of five descriptive categories that captured the distinct ways older adults perceived psychoemotional challenges and that reflected the individual's perceived importance of PCT: ‘time perspective’, ‘the aging body’, ‘autonomy and control’, ‘cognitive endurance’ and ‘loss and reminiscing’. Regarding bivariate associations, results indicated that ‘autonomy and control’ was associated with the ‘aging body’ ( r =.552, p r =.425, p r =.616, p Conclusions This study highlights the importance of PCT for older adults facing psycho-emotional challenges in old age. Interventions with older adults may benefit from clearly understanding older adults’ specific issues as an important component for promoting successful aging and reducing health disparities.
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2113 – Self-esteem and Person-Centered Therapy: a pilot study with older adults
European Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: S. Von Humboldt, Isabel LealAbstract:Objectives A higher SE is suggested by a reduced difference between ideal and real self. The present pilot study was designed to investigate if a brief eight-session individual Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) intervention on older adults can promote their self-esteem (SE), as compared with a control group (waiting list). We hypothesized that participants randomized to PCT would report improvements in SE from pre- to post-intervention compared tocontrol group. Method We recruited 81 persons aged between 65-82 years ( M =71.9 SD =4.77) and randomized 40 to PCT and 41 to control group. Measures were completed, including demographics and the Self-esteem Scale (SES) at the baseline, post-treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. Results Findings indicated that individual PCT with older adults may improve their SE. The difference between ideal self and real self, evidenced at follow-up ( M =1.251, SD =.524) by the participants who had undergone PCT, was significantly lower (41.3%) in comparison to the baseline score ( M =2.131, SD =.799). Significant differences between the intervention group and the control group were found in the post- intervention ( F (1) = 34.939, p F (1) = 34.595, p P's >.05) in t 1 , t 2 and t 3 . Conclusions Results suggest that PCT is beneficial for improving SE. Clinical practice and health care context may benefit from including PCT as an important component for reducing health disparities and for aging well.
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2114 – A pilot study on promoting sense of coherence through Person-Centered Therapy in older adults
European Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: S. Von Humboldt, Isabel LealAbstract:Objectives Older adults’ sense of coherence (SOC) is often challenged by changes in later adulthood. Therefore, this study aims to explore if a brief eight-session individual Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) intervention on older adults can promote their SOC, as compared with a control group (waiting list). We posited that participants and randomized to PCT would report improvements in SOC from pre- to post-intervention compared to those in waiting list. Methods The Sense of Coherence Scale (SOCS).and demographics were assessed at the baseline (t1), post-treatment (t2) and at the 12-month follow-up (t3), in a group of 87 participants between 65-86 years (M=71.9 SD=4.77). Results Results indicated that participants in PCT evidenced greater improvements as to their SOC (31.4%) than those in waiting list (2.3%). Both at the post-intervention, and at follow-up, participants who underwent PCT had a significantly higher SOC (M=4.76, SD=.524). In addition, results revealed no significant between group differences in any socio-demographic variable (P's>.05) in t1, t2 and t3. Conclusions Changes in SOC were positive and maintained, thus, findings suggest that PCT is favorable to enhancing SOC. In this context, PCT is also a personal resource to promote SOC. Moreover, since SOC is shown to be associated with healthrelated well-being among older populations, SOC development in old age should be focused.
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Person-Centered Therapy and Older Adults’ Self-Esteem: A Pilot Study with Follow-up
Studies in Sociology of Science, 2012Co-Authors: Sofia Von Humboldt, Isabel LealAbstract:Objectives: A higher self-esteem (SE) is suggested by a reduced difference between ideal and real self. The present pilot study was designed to investigate if a brief eight-session individual Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) intervention on older adults can promote their SE, as compared with a control group (waiting list). We hypothesized that participants randomized to PCT would report improvements in SE from pre- to post-intervention compared to those not attending PCT sessions. Method: We recruited 81 persons aged between 65- 82 years (M = 71.9, SD = 4.77) in the Great Lisbon area, in Portugal and randomized 40 to PCT and 41 to control group. The PCT intervention consisted of an eight weekly individual Therapy. Measures were completed, including demographics and the Self-esteem Scale (SES) at the baseline, post-treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. Results: Findings indicated that individual PCT with older adults may improve their SE. The difference between ideal self and real self, evidenced at follow-up (M = 1.251, SD = .524) by the participants who had undergone PCT, was significantly lower (41.3%) in comparison to the baseline score (M = 2.131, SD = .799). Additionally, significant differences between the intervention group and the control group were found in the post-intervention and follow-up. Estimates were statistically significant at .05 level. Conclusions: Results suggest that PCT is beneficial for improving SE. Clinical practice and program development in therapeutic settings may benefit from including PCT as an important component for promoting SE in older adults and for aging well.
Stephen Joseph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unnecessary and incompatible: a critical response to Cooper and McLeod’s conceptualization of a pluralistic framework for Person-Centered Therapy
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2020Co-Authors: Wei Tao Ong, David Murphy, Stephen JosephAbstract:The aim of this paper is to critically examine the axiom of Cooper and McLeod that the Person-Centered approach should incorporate pluralistic practices based on clients’ goals and wants. First, we...
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a cross sectional study to explore the mediating effect of intrinsic aspiration on the association between unconditional positive self regard and posttraumatic growth
Person-centered and experiential psychotherapies, 2015Co-Authors: David Murphy, Evangelia Demetriou, Stephen JosephAbstract:Person-Centered psychoTherapy is based on the growth paradigm of psychological distress. Person-Centered Therapy is, therefore, ideally placed to facilitate posttraumatic growth. There were two aims of this study. The first was to explore the association between unconditional positive self-regard and the construct of posttraumatic growth. The second was to explore the mediating effect of intrinsic aspirations on the association between unconditional positive self-regard and posttraumatic growth. A cross-sectional correlation design was used to ask a sample of Cypriot origin participants (N = 99) to complete the Unconditional Positive Self-Regard Scale (UPSR), Intrinsic Aspirations subscale of the Aspirations Index and Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Findings showed that unconditional positive self-regard was significantly positively correlated with posttraumatic growth and that the association between unconditional positive self-regard and posttraumatic growth was successfully partially mediated by intrinsic aspirations. This is the first study to test for the mechanisms by which unconditional positive self-regard predicts posttraumatic growth. The findings also support a link between the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth and Person-Centered theory at a construct level. Implications for Person-Centered Therapy are discussed and suggestions for further research are proposed.
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A Person-Centered perspective on working with people who have experienced psychological trauma and helping them move forward to posttraumatic growth
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2015Co-Authors: Stephen JosephAbstract:Over the past decade posttraumatic growth (PTG) has become a major topic for theory, research and practice in mainstream trauma psychology. The aim of this paper is to discuss the implications of PTG for the Person-Centered approach. It is argued that PTG provides a new non-medical language for understanding psychological trauma that is consistent with the Person-Centered approach. Person-Centered personality theory provides an explanation for how PTG arises and leads to new testable predictions for research into how Person-Centered Therapy may be able to facilitate PTG.
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Mutuality in Person-Centered Therapy: A new agenda for research and practice
Person-centered and experiential psychotherapies, 2012Co-Authors: David Murphy, Duncan Cramer, Stephen JosephAbstract:Rogers (1957) hypothesized that, if two people are in psychological contact, and when the client is incongruent and minimally perceives the therapist's empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence, this would be necessary and sufficient for constructive personality change. In this paper we propose that this research hypothesis, while a helpful one for testing theory, has inadvertently resulted in only a partial exploration of the process of Person-Centered psychoTherapy insofar as it conceptualizes the therapeutic relationship as the provision of empathy and unconditional positive regard from the therapist to the client. Therefore, research has tended to focus only as far as client perception of the therapist conditions and little attention has been paid to the process of and requirements for “receiving” the conditions. In other writings, however, Rogers (1959) described the therapeutic relationship as consisting of bi-directional, reciprocal, and mutual interaction between client and therapist. ...
Peter F. Schmid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Going beyond orthodoxy in an orthodox way? Remarks to Jobst Finke’s plea to extend Person-Centered Therapy by pre-Rogerian means
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2018Co-Authors: Peter F. SchmidAbstract:ABSTRACTFinke wants to counterbalance what he regards as radical one-sidedness in Person-Centered Therapy theory by promoting the need for diagnoses, interpretations, and techniques. And he tries t...
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PsychoTherapy is political or it is not psychoTherapy: The Person-Centered approach as an essentially political venture
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2012Co-Authors: Peter F. SchmidAbstract:Reflecting on the state of the art of Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), and drawing upon the original understanding of politics as the consequence of an image of the human being, this paper argues that a political understanding (as politics, policy, and polity) is essentially inherent in the Person-Centered approach. It discusses the policies of psychotherapeutic orientations and stresses the democratic and emancipatory stance of PCT. It concludes that we need a notification of dispute among the different approaches to the person in society and sketches a political way of being for therapists.1
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Being-With and Being-Counter: Relational depth: The challenge of fully meeting the client / Miteinander-Sein und Gegenüber-Sein: Tiefgehende Beziehungen: Die Herausforderung, dem Klienten wirklich zu begegnen / Estar con y Estar contra la Profundidad
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2006Co-Authors: Dave Mearns, Peter F. SchmidAbstract:Abstract Following on from a previous publication (Schmid & Mearns, 2006), this paper continues the authors' investigation of the relationship emphasis within Person-Centered Therapy. It explores the concept of relational depth (Mearns & Cooper, 2005), especially in regard to work with hard-to-reach clients, outlining the particular challenges to the therapist seeking to engage the different parts of the client, even those in self-protective conflict with the therapeutic process. The ethical boundaries of therapeutic confrontation and dialogue that constitute relational depth are explored as is the developmental agenda for the therapist.
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Back to the Client: A phenomenological approach to the process of understanding and diagnosis / Zurück zum Klienten: Ein phänomenologischer Ansatz zum Prozess des Verstehens und der Diagnose / Volviendo al consultante: Un acercamiento fenomenológico
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2004Co-Authors: Peter F. SchmidAbstract:Abstract In rejecting intervention-centered psychoTherapy, Rogers advanced the conception that ‘The essential conditions of psychoTherapy exist in a single configuration, even though the client may use them very differently.’ Does this conviction actually imply a refusal to differentiate or diagnose? From a dialogical point of view therapists and clients are seen not only as being in relationships; as persons they are relationships, which makes them different in each therapeutic contact. Person-Centered Therapy, conceptualized as personal encounter, implies not only co-experiencing but also co-reflecting on experiences in the relationship. This epistemological paradigm change of PCT results in a fundamental counter-position to traditional diagnosis and classification: It is the client who defines the meaning of his/her experiencing and thus ‘in-forms’ the therapist, who is challenged to open up and risk the co-creation of becoming a unique relationship. The paper develops criteria for a genuinely person-c...
Keith Tudor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Person-Centered psychology and Therapy, ecopsychology and ecoTherapy
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2013Co-Authors: Keith TudorAbstract:This article offers theoretical and conceptual links between Person-Centered psychology and ecopsychology, and Person-Centered Therapy and ecoTherapy. It argues that Rogers’ core concepts of the organism and the formative tendency are useful and congruent ones for thinking about both human beings, other beings, and the earth; and that Rogers’ therapeutic conditions for change and the concept of encounter are useful in developing a Person-Centered ecoTherapy and contributing to an eco-centered Therapy.
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Person-Centered Relational Therapy: An Organismic Perspective / Personzentrierte relationale Therapie: eine organismische Perspektive / Terapia relacional centrada en la persona: Una perspectiva organísmica / La thérapie relationnelle centrée-sur-la-
Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2010Co-Authors: Keith TudorAbstract:Abstract Person-Centered Therapy is the original relationship Therapy. In the context of the increasing interest in the “relational turn” in Therapy, this paper reconsiders the therapeutic relationship and the relational in Person-Centered theory and practice. The paper distinguishes and develops an organismic relational perspective, as distinct from a self-relational perspective, and thus extends Rogers' use of the term “organismic” to include the client—therapist relationship as well as the integral relationship people have with their environment. In this and another paper (Tudor, 2010a), the author argues that an organismic perspective also emphasizes homonomy, or a trend to belonging, alongside autonomy, and thus offers a counterpoint to the emphasis on individuation and individualism prevalent in Western culture and psychology.
Paula Affonso De Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychological Duty and Therapeutic Relationship: The Point of View of Attended Clients
Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Emanuel Meireles Vieira, Gabriela Di Paula Dias Ribeiro, Bianca Nascimento De Souza, Jacqueline De Oliveira Moreira, Paula Affonso De OliveiraAbstract:This work aims to examine what the clients cared for in a service of psychological duty, guided by a Person-Centered Therapy, and consider meaningful as for the way the psychologist on duty relates to them. For that, semi-structured interviews were done with 5 clients cared for by this service, and the phenomenological method of research was used to analyze the interviews. Thus, we reached six analysis categories: 1) feel heard; 2) interest from the psychologist on duty; 3) feel welcome; 4) confidence; 5) unlimited time; 6) self-knowledge. Through the analysis of all the categories, it was possible to reach the conclusion that, even in a service that is so distinct from the psychoTherapy as the duty service is, it is possible for the client to realize those that, according to Rogers, would be the necessary and sufficient conditions for the change of personality. Besides, it was possible to perceive the relevance of the quality of the presence of the psychologist on duty in the established relationship with the interviewed clients.