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Christopher J. Mcdougle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Psychopharmacology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Laura C Politte, Christopher J. Mcdougle
    Abstract:

    Rationale Autism and related Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) are characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted interests, and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Individuals with PDD frequently display irritability and disruptive behaviors including tantrums, self-injurious behavior, and aggression. Atypical antipsychotics are currently the most efficacious pharmacological interventions available for treatment of irritability associated with PDD.

  • Gastrointestinal Symptoms in a Sample of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
    Co-Authors: Roumen N. Nikolov, Christopher J. Mcdougle, Karen E. Bearss, Jelle Lettinga, Craig Erickson, Maria Rodowski, Michael G. Aman, James T. Mccracken, Elaine Tierney, Benedetto Vitiello
    Abstract:

    Objective To evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) problems in a large, well-characterized sample of children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs). Methods One hundred seventy two children entering one of two trials conducted by the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network were assessed comprehensively prior to starting treatment and classified with regard to GI symptoms. Results Thirty nine (22.7%) were positive for GI problems, primarily constipation and diarrhea. Those with GI problems were no different from subjects without GI problems in demographic characteristics, measures of adaptive functioning, or autism symptom severity. Compared to children without GI problems, those with GI problems showed greater symptom severity on measures of irritability, anxiety, and social withdrawal. Those with GI problems were also less likely to respond to treatment.

  • atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with autistic and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Christopher J. Mcdougle, Craig A. Erickson, Kimberly A. Stigler, David J. Posey
    Abstract:

    Atypical antipsychotics are emerging as the first-line pharmacologic treatment for irritability (i.e., aggression, self-injurious behavior, and severe tantrums) in children and adolescents with autistic and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Results from placebo-controlled and open-label studies of clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole in this subject population are reviewed. Additional placebo-controlled trials and studies of longer-term safety and tolerability are needed.

  • Pharmacotherapy of Irritability in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. Mcdougle
    Abstract:

    Children and adolescents diagnosed with autism and related Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) often sustain irritability, including aggression, self-injurious behavior, and tantrums. Research to date supports the use of the atypical antipsychotics as a first-line pharmacologic treatment for this target symptom domain in PDDs. Currently, the atypical antipsychotic risperidone is the only medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for irritability in youth with autism. Additional large-scale, placebo-controlled studies of other medications are needed to determine their efficacy for the treatment of irritability in this diagnostic group.

  • parent rated anxiety symptoms in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders frequency and association with core autism symptoms and cognitive functioning
    Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Denis G Sukhodolsky, Lawrence Scahill, Christopher J. Mcdougle, Michael G. Aman, James T. Mccracken, Elaine Tierney, Kenneth D Gadow, Eugene L Arnold, Susan W White, Luc Lecavalier
    Abstract:

    Background In addition to the core symptoms, children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) often exhibit other problem behaviors such as aggression, hyperactivity, and anxiety, which can contribute to overall impairment and, therefore, become the focus of clinical attention. Limited data are available on the prevalence of anxiety in these children. We examined frequency and correlates of parent-rated anxiety symptoms in a large sample of children with PDD.

Eric Fombonne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders among children at the english montreal school board
    The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010
    Co-Authors: Tamara Lazoff, Lihong Zhong, Tania Piperni, Eric Fombonne
    Abstract:

    Objectives:The prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) has increased. There has been speculation regarding a role of thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) in this trend. Our objectiv...

  • Prevalence and interpretation of recent trends in rates of Pervasive Developmental Disorders.
    McGill journal of medicine : MJM : an international forum for the advancement of medical sciences by students, 2009
    Co-Authors: Eric Fombonne, Sara Quirke, Arlene D. Hagen
    Abstract:

    The aims of this article are to provide an up-to-date review of the methodological features and substantive results of published epidemiological surveys of the prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). This article updates previous reviews (1, 2) with the inclusion of new studies made available since then. The specific questions addressed inthis article are: a) how are cases of PDD defined and identified in epidemiological surveys?; b) what are the best estimates for the prevalence of autism and related Pervasive Developmental Disorders considering the methodological implications of the surveys, and c) what interpretation can be given to time trends observed in prevalence rates of PDDs given the hypothesized secular increase in PDDs?

  • epidemiology of Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Pediatric Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Eric Fombonne
    Abstract:

    This article reviews the results of 43 studies published since 1966 that provided estimates for the prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs), including autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, PDD not otherwise specified, and childhood disintegrative disorder. The prevalence of autistic disorder has increased in recent surveys and current estimates of prevalence are around 20/10,000, whereas the prevalence for PDD not otherwise specified is around 30/10,000 in recent surveys. Prevalence of Asperger disorder is much lower than that for autistic disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder is a very rare disorder with a prevalence of about 2/100,000. Combined all together, recent studies that have examined the whole spectrum of PDDs have consistently provided estimates in the 60-70/10,000 range, making PDD one of the most frequent childhood neuroDevelopmental Disorders. The meaning of the increase in prevalence in recent decades is reviewed. There is evidence that the broadening of the concept, the expansion of diagnostic criteria, the development of services, and improved awareness of the condition have played a major role in explaining this increase, although it cannot be ruled out that other factors might have also contributed to that trend.

  • epidemiological surveys of Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    2007
    Co-Authors: Eric Fombonne
    Abstract:

    Introduction Epidemiological surveys of autism started in the mid 1960s in England (Lotter, 1966, 1967) and have since then been conducted in many countries. Most epidemiological surveys have focused on a categorical—diagnostic approach to autism that has relied over time on different sets of diagnostic criteria; however, all surveys used a definition of autism which comprised severe impairments in communication and language, social interactions, and play and behavior. This chapter is therefore concerned with autism defined as a severe Developmental disorder and not with more subtle autistic features or symptoms that occur as part of other, more specific, Developmental Disorders, as unusual personality traits, or as components of the lesser variant of autism thought to index genetic liability to autism in relatives. With the exception of recent studies, other Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) falling short of diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder — Pervasive Developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger's syndrome — were generally not included in the case definition used in earlier surveys although several epidemiological investigations yielded useful information on the rates of these particular types of PDD. These data are summarized separately. The aims of this chapter are to provide an up-to-date review of the methodological features and substantive results of published epidemiological surveys. This chapter updates our previous reviews (Fombonne, 1998, 1999, 2003a) with the inclusion of new studies made available since then.

  • Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and Links With Immunizations
    Pediatrics, 2006
    Co-Authors: Eric Fombonne, Rita Zakarian, Andrew Bennett, Linyan Meng, Diane Mclean-heywood
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND.The prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders has increased in recent years. Links with the measles component of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the cumulative exposure to thimerosal through other vaccines have been postulated. OBJECTIVES.The purpose of this work was to estimate the Pervasive Developmental disorder prevalence in Montreal, Canada, in cohorts born from 1987 to 1998 and evaluate the relationship of trends in Pervasive Developmental disorder rates with: (1) changes in cumulative exposure to ethylmercury (thimerosal) occurring through modifications in the immunization schedule of young children and (2) trends in measles-mumps-rubella vaccination use rates and the introduction of a 2‐measles-mumps-rubella dosing schedule during the study period. METHODS.We surveyed 27 749 children born from 1987 to 1998 attending 55 schools from the largest Anglophone school board. Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders were identified by a special needs team. The cumulative exposure by age 2 years to thimerosal was calculated for 1987‐1998 birth cohorts. Ethylmercury exposure ranged from medium (100‐125 g) from 1987 to 1991 to high (200‐225 g) from 1992 to 1995 to nil from 1996 onwards when thimerosal was entirely discontinued. Measles-mumps-rubella coverage for each birth cohort was estimated through surveys of vaccination rates. The immunization schedule included a measles-mumps-rubella single dose at 12 months of age up to 1995, and a second measles-mumps-rubella dose at 18 months of age was added on after 1996. RESULTS.We found 180 children (82.8% males) with a Pervasive Developmental disorder diagnosis who attended the surveyed schools, yielding a prevalence for Pervasive Developmental disorder of 64.9 per 10 000. The prevalence for specific Pervasive Developmental disorder subtypes were, for autistic disorder: 21.6 of 10 000; for Pervasive Developmental disorder not otherwise specified: 32.8 of 10 000; and for Asperger syndrome: 10.1 of 10 000. A statistically significant linear increase in Pervasive Developmental disorder prevalence was noted during the study period. The prevalence of Pervasive Developmental disorder in thimerosalfree birth cohorts was significantly higher than that in thimerosal-exposed cohorts (82.7 of 10 000 vs 59.5 of 10 000). Using logistic regression models of the preva

David J. Posey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with autistic and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Christopher J. Mcdougle, Craig A. Erickson, Kimberly A. Stigler, David J. Posey
    Abstract:

    Atypical antipsychotics are emerging as the first-line pharmacologic treatment for irritability (i.e., aggression, self-injurious behavior, and severe tantrums) in children and adolescents with autistic and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Results from placebo-controlled and open-label studies of clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole in this subject population are reviewed. Additional placebo-controlled trials and studies of longer-term safety and tolerability are needed.

  • Risperidone in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2005
    Co-Authors: Craig A. Erickson, Kimberly A. Stigler, David J. Posey, Christopher J. Mcdougle
    Abstract:

    Atypical antipsychotics are increasingly used in the treatment of severe behavioral disturbances in people with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Among these compounds, risperidone has been the most broadly studied. This drug profile will review the available data on the use of risperidone in individuals with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. In addition, the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism of risperidone are discussed. Emphasis will be placed on adverse effects associated with risperidone in these people, including a discussion of measures that can be taken to monitor for these effects. Finally, a discussion of the future direction of risperidone use in this population and key issues will be presented.

  • guanfacine treatment of hyperactivity and inattention in Pervasive Developmental Disorders a retrospective analysis of 80 cases
    Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2004
    Co-Authors: David J. Posey, Jessica I Puntney, Teresa M Sasher, Deborah L Kem, Christopher J. Mcdougle
    Abstract:

    Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively review a large sample of children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) treated with open-label guanfacine in order t...

  • a naturalistic retrospective analysis of psychostimulants in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kimberly A. Stigler, David J. Posey, Lael A Desmond, Ryan E Wiegand, Christopher J. Mcdougle
    Abstract:

    Objective: We set out to examine the effectiveness and tolerability of psychostimulants in children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs). Methods: Medical records of all patients with PDDs treated with a stimulant were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, stimulant type, drug dosage, trial duration, and adverse effects were recorded. Global improvement, focused on symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention, was measured by the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, with positive response defined by a rating of much improved or very much improved. Results: Of 195 patients (174 males, 21 females; mean age ± SD = 7.26 ± 3.45 years, range 2-19 years), 61 had more than one trial, resulting in a total of 274 separate stimulant trials. It was discovered that 24.6%, 23.2%, and 11.1% of patients with a history of one, two, or three stimulant trials, respectively, responded to their first stimulant trial. Among first trial nonresponders, 6 (14.0%) of 43 patients responded to a sec...

Kimberly A. Stigler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with autistic and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Christopher J. Mcdougle, Craig A. Erickson, Kimberly A. Stigler, David J. Posey
    Abstract:

    Atypical antipsychotics are emerging as the first-line pharmacologic treatment for irritability (i.e., aggression, self-injurious behavior, and severe tantrums) in children and adolescents with autistic and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Results from placebo-controlled and open-label studies of clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole in this subject population are reviewed. Additional placebo-controlled trials and studies of longer-term safety and tolerability are needed.

  • Pharmacotherapy of Irritability in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. Mcdougle
    Abstract:

    Children and adolescents diagnosed with autism and related Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) often sustain irritability, including aggression, self-injurious behavior, and tantrums. Research to date supports the use of the atypical antipsychotics as a first-line pharmacologic treatment for this target symptom domain in PDDs. Currently, the atypical antipsychotic risperidone is the only medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for irritability in youth with autism. Additional large-scale, placebo-controlled studies of other medications are needed to determine their efficacy for the treatment of irritability in this diagnostic group.

  • Risperidone in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2005
    Co-Authors: Craig A. Erickson, Kimberly A. Stigler, David J. Posey, Christopher J. Mcdougle
    Abstract:

    Atypical antipsychotics are increasingly used in the treatment of severe behavioral disturbances in people with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Among these compounds, risperidone has been the most broadly studied. This drug profile will review the available data on the use of risperidone in individuals with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. In addition, the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism of risperidone are discussed. Emphasis will be placed on adverse effects associated with risperidone in these people, including a discussion of measures that can be taken to monitor for these effects. Finally, a discussion of the future direction of risperidone use in this population and key issues will be presented.

  • a naturalistic retrospective analysis of psychostimulants in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kimberly A. Stigler, David J. Posey, Lael A Desmond, Ryan E Wiegand, Christopher J. Mcdougle
    Abstract:

    Objective: We set out to examine the effectiveness and tolerability of psychostimulants in children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs). Methods: Medical records of all patients with PDDs treated with a stimulant were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, stimulant type, drug dosage, trial duration, and adverse effects were recorded. Global improvement, focused on symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention, was measured by the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, with positive response defined by a rating of much improved or very much improved. Results: Of 195 patients (174 males, 21 females; mean age ± SD = 7.26 ± 3.45 years, range 2-19 years), 61 had more than one trial, resulting in a total of 274 separate stimulant trials. It was discovered that 24.6%, 23.2%, and 11.1% of patients with a history of one, two, or three stimulant trials, respectively, responded to their first stimulant trial. Among first trial nonresponders, 6 (14.0%) of 43 patients responded to a sec...

Antonio Y. Hardan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Retrospective Assessment of Atomoxetine in Children and Adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Roger J. Jou, Benjamin L. Handen, Antonio Y. Hardan
    Abstract:

    A retrospective study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). An outpatient clinic regist...

  • Retrospective study of quetiapine in children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders.
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2005
    Co-Authors: Antonio Y. Hardan, Roger J. Jou, Benjamin L. Handen
    Abstract:

    A retrospective study was conducted in a clinic specialized in treating individuals with Developmental disabilities to examine the effectiveness and tolerability of quetiapine in children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Ten consecutive outpatients (age = 12.0 ± 5.1 years) treated with quetiapine (dose = 477 ± 212 mg, duration = 22.0 ± 10.1 weeks) were identified and six were judged to be responders based on impressions from chart review and Conners Parent Scale (CPS). Improvements were observed in the conduct, inattention, and hyperactivity subscales of the CPS. Adverse events were mild with sedation being the most common, and no patient required treatment termination. Quetiapine may be beneficial in children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders, however open-label and double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are warranted.