The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jill Lindsey Harrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • University of California Press - Taking a Different Tack
    New Food Activism, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jill Lindsey Harrison
    Abstract:

    This chapter showcases the work of California’s Pesticide Drift activists, who address their environmental concerns by advocating for regulatory restrictions on the use of the most-toxic and unruly Pesticides. It shows that Pesticide Drift activism is a critical reaction to the longstanding inadequacies and more recent neoliberalization of the Pesticide regulatory apparatus, as well as to the sustainable agriculture movement’s reliance on market-based practices. Pesticide Drift activists mobilize their anger about Pesticide exposure not by giving up on the state but by holding it responsible for reducing environmental hazards that threaten human health. Their work illustrates why stronger health-protective Pesticide regulations are necessary and demonstrates that they are possible.

  • Pesticide Drift and the pursuit of environmental justice
    2011
    Co-Authors: Jill Lindsey Harrison
    Abstract:

    The widespread but virtually invisible problem of Pesticide Drift -- the airborne movement of agricultural Pesticides into residential areas -- has fueled grassroots activism from Maine to Hawaii. Pesticide Drift accidents have terrified and sickened many living in the country's most marginalized and vulnerable communities. In this book, Jill Lindsey Harrison considers political conflicts over Pesticide Drift in California, using them to illuminate the broader problem and its potential solutions. The fact that Pesticide pollution and illnesses associated with it disproportionately affect the poor and the powerless raises questions of environmental justice (and political injustice). Despite California's impressive record of environmental protection, massive Pesticide regulatory apparatus, and booming organic farming industry, Pesticide-related accidents and illnesses continue unabated. To unpack this conundrum, Harrison examines the conceptions of justice that increasingly shape environmental politics and finds that California's agricultural industry, regulators, and Pesticide Drift activists hold different, and conflicting, notions of what justice looks like. Drawing on her own extensive ethnographic research as well as in-depth interviews with regulators, activists, scientists, and public health practitioners, Harrison examines the ways industry, regulatory agencies, and different kinds of activists address Pesticide Drift, connecting their efforts to communitarian and libertarian conceptions of justice. The approach taken by Pesticide Drift activists, she finds, not only critiques theories of justice undergirding mainstream sustainable-agriculture activism, but also offers an entirely new notion of what justice means. To solve seemingly intractable environmental problems such as Pesticide Drift, Harrison argues, we need a different kind of environmental justice. She proposes the precautionary principle as a framework for effectively and justly addressing environmental inequities in the everyday work of environmental regulatory institutions.

  • abandoned bodies and spaces of sacrifice Pesticide Drift activism and the contestation of neoliberal environmental politics in california
    Geoforum, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jill Lindsey Harrison
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recent research suggests that many key strands of California’s agrofood activism appear to accommodate, rather than confront, the neoliberalization of environmental governance, and that such accommodations might problematically constrain the transformative potential of activists’ work. In this paper, I examine the case of Pesticide Drift activism in California, which, as an exception to this trend, provides a provocative and useful case study for interrogating the influence of neoliberalization on social/environmental activism. I argue that California’s Pesticide Drift activism can be understood as a reaction to the spaces of sacrifice created and exacerbated by the failure of unionization-based Pesticide reform efforts, a promising but compromised regulatory apparatus, longstanding farmworker powerlessness, neoliberal regulatory rollback, and neoliberalized Pesticide politics – a mosaic of factors that have worked together to produce a regulatory structure that has always been better at registering Pesticides than at reducing pollution. I show that Pesticide Drift activists’ reliance on confrontational practice, collective action, and strategic alliances have been crucial to the movement’s success with bringing visibility to this issue and with gaining traction in the political arena. Thus, at the same time that neoliberalization can exacerbate physical spaces of sacrifice, this case study illustrates that it can also, unexpectedly perhaps, generate new, non-neoliberal political spaces for social change.

  • lessons learned from Pesticide Drift a call to bring production agriculture farm labor and social justice back into agrifood research and activism
    Agriculture and Human Values, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jill Lindsey Harrison
    Abstract:

    I use the case of Pesticide Drift to discuss the neoliberal shift in agrifood activism and its implications for public health and social justice. I argue that the benefits of this shift have been achieved at the cost of privileging certain bodies and spaces over others and absolving the state of its responsibility to ensure the conditions of social justice. I use this critical intervention as a means of introducing several opportunities for strengthening agrifood research and advocacy. First, I call for increased critical attention to production agriculture and the regulatory arena. Second, I call for increased attention to ‘social justice’ within the food system, emphasizing the need to rekindle research on the immigrant farm labor force. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008

  • accidents and invisibilities scaled discourse and the naturalization of regulatory neglect in california s Pesticide Drift conflict
    Political Geography, 2006
    Co-Authors: Jill Lindsey Harrison
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper, I draw on the politics of scale literature in order to discuss the strategic use of scale as a framing device. I argue that scale-based framings can gain effectiveness through capitalizing on longstanding social inequalities and thus deserve careful consideration for their abilities to reinforce those inequalities and obscure ongoing illness. I discuss the ways in which actors in the present conflict over agricultural Pesticide Drift in California discursively engage scale in order to reframe the issue and justify (or, in other cases, contest) minimal regulatory response. I argue that the predominant scale-based framing of Pesticide Drift as a series of particularized, local ‘accidents’ gains its effectiveness through multiple intersections with long-standing social invisibilities and injustices endured by California's farmworkers, with the problematic results of rendering pollution invisible and naturalizing regulatory neglect. I also introduce the efforts of Pesticide Drift activists to ‘push up’ the framing of the issue, improve their political traction at the statewide level, and justify their demands for precautionary, health-based restrictions on the use of agricultural Pesticides. Finally, I conclude by applying this analysis to recent debates for devolved environmental governance and problematizing the tendency to associate local governance and social justice.

Mark R Jennings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spatial tests of the Pesticide Drift habitat destruction uv b and climate change hypotheses for california amphibian declines
    Conservation Biology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Carlos Davidson, Bradley H Shaffer, Mark R Jennings
    Abstract:

    Wind-borne Pesticides have long been suggested as a cause of amphibian declines in areas without obvious habitat destruction. In California, the transport and deposition of Pesticides from the agriculturally in- tensive Central Valley to the adjacent Sierra Nevada is well documented, and Pesticides have been found in the bodies of Sierra frogs. Pesticides are therefore a plausible cause of declines, but to date no direct links have been found between Pesticides and actual amphibian population declines. Using a geographic information system, we constructed maps of the spatial pattern of declines for eight declining California amphibian taxa, and com- pared the observed patterns of decline to those predicted by hypotheses of wind-borne Pesticides, habitat destruc- tion, ultraviolet radiation, and climate change. In four species, we found a strong positive association between declines and the amount of upwind agricultural land use, suggesting that wind-borne Pesticides may be an im- portant factor in declines. For two other species, declines were strongly associated with local urban and agricul- tural land use, consistent with the habitat-destruction hypothesis. The patterns of decline were not consistent with either the ultraviolet radiation or climate-change hypotheses for any of the species we examined.

  • Spatial Tests of the Pesticide Drift, Habitat Destruction, UV‐B, and Climate‐Change Hypotheses for California Amphibian Declines
    Conservation Biology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Carlos Davidson, H. Bradley Shaffer, Mark R Jennings
    Abstract:

    Wind-borne Pesticides have long been suggested as a cause of amphibian declines in areas without obvious habitat destruction. In California, the transport and deposition of Pesticides from the agriculturally in- tensive Central Valley to the adjacent Sierra Nevada is well documented, and Pesticides have been found in the bodies of Sierra frogs. Pesticides are therefore a plausible cause of declines, but to date no direct links have been found between Pesticides and actual amphibian population declines. Using a geographic information system, we constructed maps of the spatial pattern of declines for eight declining California amphibian taxa, and com- pared the observed patterns of decline to those predicted by hypotheses of wind-borne Pesticides, habitat destruc- tion, ultraviolet radiation, and climate change. In four species, we found a strong positive association between declines and the amount of upwind agricultural land use, suggesting that wind-borne Pesticides may be an im- portant factor in declines. For two other species, declines were strongly associated with local urban and agricul- tural land use, consistent with the habitat-destruction hypothesis. The patterns of decline were not consistent with either the ultraviolet radiation or climate-change hypotheses for any of the species we examined.

David Nuyttens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wind tunnel evaluation of several tracer and collection techniques for the measurement of spray Drift.
    Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, 2020
    Co-Authors: Eva Brusselman, David Nuyttens, Van Driessen K, Walter Steurbaut, Donald Gabriëls, Wim Cornelis, Bart Sonck, K. Baetens, Bart Nicolai, Pieter Verboven
    Abstract:

    : In the history of Pesticide Drift measuring techniques, different tracers and a lot of different collection techniques have been used. At the start of a new Flemish project 'Protecting the Flemish environment against Drift - The importance of Drift-reducing techniques', wind tunnel tests have been executed to select the most efficient tracer and collection technique. As tracer types a fluorescent tracer Renaissance W15, 2 different chelates, a NaCl-solution and a fungicide Tolylfluanide were used. 2 different collection techniques were tested: drains incorporated in the wind tunnel floor filled with filter paper and filled with cloths. The recovery of the different tracers combined with the 2 collection materials was calculated. The advantages and disadvantages of the tracers and collection materials are enumerated in this article.

  • Wind tunnel tests with different tracer and collection techniques for the measurement of spray Drift
    2020
    Co-Authors: Eva Brusselman, David Nuyttens, Walter Steurbaut, Donald Gabriëls, Wim Cornelis, Bart Sonck, K. Baetens, Pieter Verboven, K Van Driessen, Bart Nicolai
    Abstract:

    In the history of Pesticide Drift-measuring techniques, different tracers and collection techniques have been used. At the start of a new Flemish IWT project ‘Protecting the Flemish environment against Drift The importance of Drift-reducing techniques’, wind tunnel tests have been performed to select the most efficient tracer and collection technique. The most important objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a certain combination of collection and tracer techniques on the measured Drift quantities. As tracer types a fluorescent tracer (Renaissance W15), two different mineral chelates (cobalt and molybdenum), a NaCl-solution and a fungicide (Tolylfluanide) were used. Two different collection techniques were tested: ditches incorporated in the wind tunnel floor with filter paper and with filtering cloths. The recovery of the different tracers combined with the two collection materials was calculated. The advantages and disadvantages of the tracers and collection materials are enumerated in this article.

  • Drift from the use of hand held knapsack Pesticide sprayers in boyaca colombian andes
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Glenda Garciasantos, David Nuyttens, Giuseppe Feola, Jaime Diaz
    Abstract:

    Offsite Pesticide losses in tropical mountainous regions have been little studied. One example is measuring Pesticide Drift soil deposition, which can support Pesticide risk assessment for surface water, soil, bystanders, and off-target plants and fauna. This is considered a serious gap, given the evidence of Pesticide-related poisoning in those regions. Empirical data of Drift deposition of a Pesticide surrogate, Uranine tracer, within one of the highest potato-producing regions in Colombia, characterized by small plots and mountain orography, is presented. High Drift values encountered in this study reflect the actual spray conditions using hand-held knapsack sprayers. Comparison between measured and predicted Drift values using three existing empirical equations showed important underestimation. However, after their optimization based on measured Drift information, the equations showed a strong predictive power for this study area and the study conditions. The most suitable curve to assess mean relativ...

  • Pesticide Drift deposition in hedgerows from multiple spray swaths
    Journal of Pesticide Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Christian Kjaer, Marianne Bruus, Rossanna Bossi, Per Lofstrom, Helle Vibeke Andersen, David Nuyttens, Soren E Larsen
    Abstract:

    1 Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsovej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark 2 Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Frederiksborgsvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 3 Aalborg University, Danish Building Research Institute, A.C. Meyers Vaenge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark 4 Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology & Food Science Unit-Agricultural Engineering, Belgium

  • the oml sprayDrift model for predicting Pesticide Drift and deposition from ground boom sprayers
    Journal of Pesticide Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Per Lofstrom, Christian Kjaer, Marianne Bruus, Helle Vibeke Andersen, David Nuyttens, Poul Astrup
    Abstract:

    1 Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 2 Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsovej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark 3 Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology & Food Science Unit-Agricultural Engineering, Belgium 4 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Wind Energy, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

Kathryn J. Draeger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mothers’ Concerns about Children’s Exposure to Pesticide Drift in the Red River Basin of the North: A Novel Application of Photovoice
    Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care, 2012
    Co-Authors: Maggie Stedman-smith, Patricia M. Mcgovern, Cynthia J Peden-mcalpine, Linda R. Kingery, Kathryn J. Draeger
    Abstract:

    Women of childbearing age and children living in agricultural regions are at-risk for Pesticide exposure from many pathways, including occupational track-in from parents, residential use, dietary intake, and Drift from farming. Little is known about mothers’ concerns regarding the potential for their children to become exposed to Pesticides in these regions. Photovoice was used as a community needs assessment to learn mothers’ perceptions of exposure pathways to Pesticides and other environmental health concerns. This article reports the perceptions of women raising children regarding children’s potential for exposure to Pesticide Drift. Recruitment occurred among three distinct groups living in the Red River Basin of the North: Caucasians living adjacent to actively treated farmland, enrolled in the Women, Infant and Children’s nutrition program (WIC); Native Americans surrounded by active farmland, affiliated with a local tribal college; and new American Immigrants from East Africa affiliated with a local immigrant development center. Perceived sources of exposure included agricultural-aerial and tractor spraying, and truck fogging for mosquito control. Mothers wanted advanced notice of spraying or fogging so they could take their children and toys indoors as protective measures, and education to prevent Pesticide exposure, delivered in tailored formats for each group. The findings provide real-world insights from mothers and prevention strategies that can be utilized by public health professionals, extension educators, and primary care providers with the aim of reducing Pesticide exposure to children in agricultural regions. Keywords: Children; Pesticide exposure; Pesticide Drift; Arial spray; Photovoice Contents soley the authors' responsibitlity and do not represent the official views of any funding source. Acknowledgement: We than the following members for their contributions to this Photovoice study: Fowzia Adde, Kirstin Eggerling, Abby Gold, Stephanie Williams, Ruth Rasmussen and Kathy Smith.

  • mothers concerns about children s exposure to Pesticide Drift in the red river basin of the north a novel application of photovoice
    Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care, 2012
    Co-Authors: Maggie Stedmansmith, Patricia M. Mcgovern, Linda R. Kingery, Cynthia Pedenmcalpine, Kathryn J. Draeger
    Abstract:

    Women of childbearing age and children living in agricultural regions are at-risk for Pesticide exposure from many pathways, including occupational track-in from parents, residential use, dietary intake, and Drift from farming. Little is known about mothers’ concerns regarding the potential for their children to become exposed to Pesticides in these regions. Photovoice was used as a community needs assessment to learn mothers’ perceptions of exposure pathways to Pesticides and other environmental health concerns. This article reports the perceptions of women raising children regarding children’s potential for exposure to Pesticide Drift. Recruitment occurred among three distinct groups living in the Red River Basin of the North: Caucasians living adjacent to actively treated farmland, enrolled in the Women, Infant and Children’s nutrition program (WIC); Native Americans surrounded by active farmland, affiliated with a local tribal college; and new American Immigrants from East Africa affiliated with a local immigrant development center. Perceived sources of exposure included agricultural-aerial and tractor spraying, and truck fogging for mosquito control. Mothers wanted advanced notice of spraying or fogging so they could take their children and toys indoors as protective measures, and education to prevent Pesticide exposure, delivered in tailored formats for each group. The findings provide real-world insights from mothers and prevention strategies that can be utilized by public health professionals, extension educators, and primary care providers with the aim of reducing Pesticide exposure to children in agricultural regions. Keywords: Children; Pesticide exposure; Pesticide Drift; Arial spray; Photovoice Contents soley the authors' responsibitlity and do not represent the official views of any funding source. Acknowledgement: We than the following members for their contributions to this Photovoice study: Fowzia Adde, Kirstin Eggerling, Abby Gold, Stephanie Williams, Ruth Rasmussen and Kathy Smith.

Greg R Kruger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • winds of change developing a non target plant bioassay employing field based Pesticide Drift exposure a case study with atrazine
    Science of The Total Environment, 2019
    Co-Authors: Richard A Brain, Greg R Kruger, Greg Goodwin, Farah Abiakar, Carol Rodgers, Brian Flatt, Abby Lynn, Dan Perkins
    Abstract:

    Abstract A field-scale, spray Drift study with atrazine was conducted to simultaneously measure spray Drift deposition, airborne interception and corresponding biological effects on two sensitive plant species (cucumber and lettuce). Applications of AAtrex 4L (atrazine) were made using ultra-coarse nozzles (TeeJet TTI11004) under worst-case Drift potential conditions of bare soil and high wind speeds (i.e. >10 mph; >16 kph). This study was replicated 4 times, each with two parallel spray swaths (92.5 ft or 28 m per swath) perpendicular to wind direction. Within each replicate application, three sampling lines were used to measure Drift deposition (using stainless-steel discs) at distances out to 400 ft (122 m), airborne interception (using stainless-steel rods) at distances out to 75 ft (23 m), and potential direct plant effects at 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 ft (1.5, 4.6, 7.6, 10.7, and 13.7 m) from the downwind edge of the spray swath. Corresponding upwind control discs and plants were also included in each replicate. Each replicate application targeted steady wind speeds between 10 and 15 mph (16 and 24 kph) within a 30-degree angle of the downwind field orientation. On average, each 10% increase in distance from the spray zone resulted in approximately 14% less ground-deposited atrazine. Between 7 and 41× more atrazine mass was collected from vertical rods (airborne Drift), compared to horizontally placed stainless-steel discs (ground deposition). Cucumber and lettuce plants exposed to spray Drift were monitored for biological effects over 21 days post-application according to standard protocols. Endpoints of survival, weight (biomass), and shoot length were evaluated by comparing distance groups to up-wind controls. Overall, when trials were combined, the aggregate lowest observable effect distance (LOED) was 5-ft (1.5 m) and the aggregate no observable effects distance (NOED) was 15-ft (4.6 m), with cucumbers affected more than lettuce.

  • An Evaluation of Three Drift Reduction Adjuvants for Aerial Application of Pesticides
    GSTF Journal on Agricultural Engineering (JAE), 2016
    Co-Authors: Ryan S Henry, Bradley K. Fritz, William C. Hoffmann, Greg R Kruger
    Abstract:

    Preventing Pesticide Drift from aerial applications is important for environmental and application efficiency reasons. Proper analysis of Drift reduction technologies or techniques is an essential component of the Drift prevention process. In the current study, three Drift reduction adjuvants were tested with two herbicides under several application conditions used by rotary-wing and fixed-wing aircraft in the U.S. Data was collected using a high speed wind tunnel and laser diffraction equipment. The results of the study indicated application conditions, and not adjuvant inclusion, were the largest drivers of the droplet size distribution and Drift potential. Data was further computed in the Drift prediction program, AGDISP, where little differences were observed between the treatments. This study highlighted the importance of testing Drift reduction technologies or techniques from multiple viewpoints.

  • a comparison of an unhooded and hooded sprayer for Pesticide Drift reduction
    Journal of Agricultural Education, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ryan S Henry, S Claussen, Greg R Kruger
    Abstract:

    Management of Drift from Pesticide applications is important for human and environmental health concerns. It is also necessary to ensure adequate dosage of the Pesticide meets the target species(s). A variety of factors can affect the Drift potential of a Pesticide application, including nozzle selection, solution chemistry, and application equipment. In the present study, a comparison of two ground sprayers, one with a hood and one without a hood, is made using three common ground nozzles in the US. The hooded sprayer reduced the Drift potential of the Pesticide application for all nozzles tested. In addition, higher spray coverage under the boom was measured when using the hooded sprayer. The results of this study indicate that incorporating a hood will lead to reduced Drift potential from a Pesticide application.