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Yolanda Pico - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how recent innovations in gas chromatography mass spectrometry have improved Pesticide Residue determination an alternative technique to be in your radar
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Yolanda Pico, Ahmed H Alfarhan, Damia BarceloAbstract:Abstract Recent advances in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (ionization sources at atmospheric pressure, fast GC, GCxGC, high resolution mass spectrometry, etc.) have significantly improved the capabilities of this technique, traditionally used to determine Pesticides. Although liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is nowadays preferred, pyrethroids and organochlorine Pesticides are more sensitive by GC-MS and a significant number of other Pesticides work well by both techniques. Here, we critically review the development, instrumentation, approaches and applications of GC-MS, focusing on the analysis of Pesticide Residues published between 2000 and 2019 along with outstanding pioneer contributions, with special emphasis on those published after 2010. This review attempts to fill a void of information on the state-of-art of GC-MS for Pesticide Residue determination, describing the pros and cons of the different approaches, and the main applications.
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last trends in Pesticide Residue determination by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Ana Masia, Cristina Blasco, Yolanda PicoAbstract:Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is as an excellent analytical tool in the determination of Pesticides. MultiResidue analysis of these compounds at trace levels is one of the oldest analytical schemes within environmental and food safety. However, the issue of “Pesticide Residue determination” is still a hot topic for the analytical community. This review discusses current approaches and recent advances in using LC–MS for Pesticide identification and quantification. We outline how MS has influenced the sample preparation process. We critically assess and compare various mass spectrometers, highlighting their strengths and limitations. We, then, review the main applications of LC–MS in Pesticide Residue determination in the past three years. We also look at the implications for the future of the field.
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environmental and food applications of lc tandem mass spectrometry in Pesticide Residue analysis an overview
Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2004Co-Authors: Yolanda Pico, Cristina Blasco, G FontAbstract:An overview is given on Pesticide-Residue determination in environmental and food samples by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Pesticides comprise a large number of substances that belong to many completely different chemical groups, the only common characteristic is that they are effective against pests. They still constitute a challenge in MS because there is no collective pathway for fragmentation. A brief introduction to the theory of tandem MS permits a discussion of which parameters influence the ionization efficiency when the ions are subjected to different actions. Emphasis is placed on the different tandem MS instruments: triple and ion-trap quadrupoles, and hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF), including advantages and drawbacks, typical detection limits, and ion signals at low concentrations. The instrumental setup, as well as LC and mass spectrometric experimental conditions, must be carefully selected to increase the performance of the analytical system. The capacity of each instrument to provide useful data for the identification of Pesticides, and the possibility to obtain structural information for the identification of target and non-target compounds, are discussed. Finally, sample preparation techniques and examples of applications are debated to reveal the potential of the current state-of-the-art technology, and to further promote the usefulness of tandem MS.
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environmental and food applications of lc tandem mass spectrometry in Pesticide Residue analysis an overview
Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2004Co-Authors: Yolanda Pico, Cristina Blasco, G FontAbstract:I. Introduction 45 II. Pesticide Structures and Properties 46 III. Extraction and Isolation Methods from Environmental and Food Samples 47 IV. LC/MS/MS Analysis of Pesticides 53 A. Interfacing Systems 53 B. Instrumental Aspects 57 C. Optimization of Chromatographic Mass Spectrometric Conditions 57 V. Tandem MS Methods 59 A. Triple Quadrupole 59 B. Quadrupole Ion Trap 66 C. Hybrid Quadrupole TOF (Q-TOF) 71 VI. Performance Characteristics of LC-Tandem MS for Pesticides 72 VII. Applications 75 VIII. Conclusions 80 References 81 An overview is given on Pesticide-Residue determination in environmental and food samples by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Pesticides comprise a large number of substances that belong to many completely different chemical groups, the only common characteristic is that they are effective against pests. They still constitute a challenge in MS because there is no collective pathway for fragmentation. A brief introduction to the theory of tandem MS permits a discussion of which parameters influence the ionization efficiency when the ions are subjected to different actions. Emphasis is placed on the different tandem MS instruments: triple and ion-trap quadrupoles, and hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF), including advantages and drawbacks, typical detection limits, and ion signals at low concentrations. The instrumental setup, as well as LC and mass spectrometric experimental conditions, must be carefully selected to increase the performance of the analytical system. The capacity of each instrument to provide useful data for the identification of Pesticides, and the possibility to obtain structural information for the identification of target and non-target compounds, are discussed. Finally, sample preparation techniques and examples of applications are debated to reveal the potential of the current state-of-the-art technology, and to further promote the usefulness of tandem MS. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 23:45–85, 2004
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Pesticide Residue determination in fruit and vegetables by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Journal of Chromatography A, 2000Co-Authors: Yolanda Pico, Guillermina Font, J C Molto, Jordi ManesAbstract:An overview is given of Pesticide Residue determination in fruit and vegetables by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Emphasis is placed on the thermospray, particle beam and atmospheric pressure ionization interfaces including advantages and drawbacks and typical detection limits. The capacity of each interface to provide useful data for identification/confirmation of analytes and the possibility of obtaining structural information for the identification of target and non-target compounds is discussed. Finally, sample preparation techniques are dealt with in relation to their influence on further LC-MS determination.
Nilusha L T Padivitage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ammonium chloride salting out extraction cleanup for trace level quantitative analysis in food and biological matrices by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2013Co-Authors: Sergio C Nanita, Nilusha L T PadivitageAbstract:A sample extraction and purification procedure that uses ammonium-salt-induced acetonitrile/water phase separation was developed and demonstrated to be compatible with the recently reported method for Pesticide Residue analysis based on fast extraction and dilution flow injection mass spectrometry (FED-FI-MS). The ammonium salts evaluated were chloride, acetate, formate, carbonate, and sulfate. A mixture of NaCl and MgSO4, salts used in the well-known QuEChERS method, was also tested for comparison. With thermal decomposition/evaporation temperature of 80% of cases tested; while limits of detection (LODs) were typically in the range of 0.001-0.01mgkg(-1) (ppm). A comparison to a well-established HPLC/MS/MS method was also conducted, yielding comparable results, thus confirming the suitability of NH4Cl salting out FI/MS/MS for Pesticide Residue analysis.
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ammonium chloride salting out extraction cleanup for trace level quantitative analysis in food and biological matrices by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2013Co-Authors: Sergio C Nanita, Nilusha L T PadivitageAbstract:Abstract A sample extraction and purification procedure that uses ammonium-salt-induced acetonitrile/water phase separation was developed and demonstrated to be compatible with the recently reported method for Pesticide Residue analysis based on fast extraction and dilution flow injection mass spectrometry (FED-FI-MS). The ammonium salts evaluated were chloride, acetate, formate, carbonate, and sulfate. A mixture of NaCl and MgSO 4 , salts used in the well-known QuEChERS method, was also tested for comparison. With thermal decomposition/evaporation temperature of 4 Cl yielded the best performance, thus it was the preferred salting out agent. The NH 4 Cl salting out method was successfully coupled with FI/MS/MS and tested for fourteen Pesticide active ingredients: chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, chlorimuron ethyl, oxamyl, methomyl, sulfometuron methyl, chlorsulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl, azimsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor methyl, diuron and hexazinone. A validation study was conducted with nine complex matrices: sorghum, rice, grapefruit, canola, milk, eggs, beef, urine and blood plasma. The method is applicable to all analytes, except aminocyclopyrachlor. The method was deemed appropriate for quantitative analysis in 114 out of 126 analyte/matrix cases tested (applicability rate = 0.90). The NH 4 Cl salting out extraction/cleanup allowed expansion of FI/MS/MS for analysis in food of plant and animal origin, and body fluids with increased ruggedness and sensitivity, while maintaining high-throughput (run time = 30 s/sample). Limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 0.01 mg kg −1 (ppm), the ‘well-accepted standard’ in Pesticide Residue analysis, were achieved in >80% of cases tested; while limits of detection (LODs) were typically in the range of 0.001–0.01 mg kg −1 (ppm). A comparison to a well-established HPLC/MS/MS method was also conducted, yielding comparable results, thus confirming the suitability of NH 4 Cl salting out FI/MS/MS for Pesticide Residue analysis.
Yuhan Chiu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intake of fruits and vegetables by Pesticide Residue status in relation to cancer risk
Environment International, 2021Co-Authors: Helena Sandovalinsausti, Yuhan Chiu, Donghoon Lee, Siwen Wang, Jaime E Hart, Lidia Minguezalarcon, Francine Laden, Andres Ardisson V Korat, Brenda M Birmann, Heather A EliassenAbstract:Abstract Background Conventionally grown fruits and vegetables (FVs) are the main source of general population exposure to Pesticide Residues. Objective To evaluate the relation of intake of high- and low-Pesticide-Residue FVs with cancer risk. Methods We followed 150,830 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1998–2016, and Nurses’ Health Study II, 1999–2017) and 29,486 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1998–2016) without a history of cancer. We ascertained FV intake via validated food frequency questionnaires and categorized FVs as having high or low Pesticide Residue levels based on USDA surveillance data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of total and site-specific cancer related to quintiles of high- and low-Pesticide-Residue FV intake. Results We documented 23,678 incident cancer cases during 2,862,118 person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable analysis, neither high- nor low-Pesticide-Residue FV intake was associated with cancer. The HRs (95% CI) per 1 serving/day increase in intake were 0.99 (0.97–1.01) for high- and 1.01 (0.99–1.02) for low-Pesticide-Residue FVs. Additionally, we found no association between high-Pesticide-Residue FV intake and risk of specific sites, including malignancies previously linked to occupational Pesticide exposure ([HR, 95% CI comparing extreme quintiles of intake] lung [1.17 (0.95–1.43)], non-Hodgkin lymphoma [0.89 (0.72–1.09)], prostate [1.31 (0.88–1.93)]) or inversely related to intake of organic foods (breasts [1.03 (0.94–1.31)]). Conclusions These findings suggest that overall exposure to Pesticides through FV intake is not related to cancer risk, although they do not rule out associations with specific chemicals or sub-types of specific cancers.
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intake of fruits and vegetables according to Pesticide Residue status in relation to all cause and disease specific mortality results from three prospective cohort studies
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Helena Sandovalinsausti, Yuhan Chiu, Jaime E Hart, Lidia Minguezalarcon, Francine Laden, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju, Yixin Wang, Ming Ding, Walter C Willet, Jorge E ChavarroAbstract:Background: Intake of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables (FVs) is an important route of exposure to Pesticide Residues in the general population. However, whether health risk stemming from exposure to Pesticides through diet could offset benefits of consuming FVs is unclear. Objective: We assessed the association of FV intake, classified according to their Pesticide Residue status, with total and cause-specific mortality. Methods: We followed 137,378 women (NHS, 1998-2019, and NHSII, 1999-2019) and 23,502 men (HPFS, 1998-2020) without cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at baseline. FV intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires and categorized as having high- or low-Pesticide-Residues using data from the USDA Pesticide Data Program. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total and cause-specific mortality associated with high- and low-Pesticide-Residue FV intake. Results: A total of 27,026 deaths, including 4,318 from CVD and 6,426 from cancer, were documented during 3,081,360 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, participants who consumed ≥4 servings/day of low-Pesticide-Residue FVs had 36% (95CI: 32%-41%) lower mortality risk compared to participants who consumed <1 serving/day. The corresponding estimate for high-Pesticide Residue FV intake was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.81-1.07). This pattern was similar across the three most frequent causes of death. Conclusions: High-Pesticide-Residue FV intake was unrelated whereas low-Pesticide Residue FV intake was inversely related to all-cause mortality, suggesting that exposure to Pesticide Residues through diet may offset the beneficial effect of FV intake on mortality. Funding: Supported by grants U01 HL145386, R24 ES028521, UM1 CA186107, P01 CA87969, U01 CA176726, R01 HL034594, R01 HL088521, and U01 CA 167552 from the National Institutes of Health. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and those of participating registries as required.
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association between intake of fruits and vegetables by Pesticide Residue status and coronary heart disease risk
Environment International, 2019Co-Authors: Yuhan Chiu, Russ Hauser, Helena Sandovalinsausti, Sylvia H Ley, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju, Eric B RimmAbstract:Abstract Background Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is recommended for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). FVs are also an important source of exposure to Pesticide Residues. Whether the relations of FV intake with CHD differ according to Pesticide Residue status is unknown. Objective To examine the associations of high- and low-Pesticide-Residue FVs with the risk of CHD. Methods We followed 145,789 women and 24,353 men free of cardiovascular disease and cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) at baseline and participating in three ongoing prospective cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS: 1998–2012), the NHS-II (1999–2013), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS: 1998–2012). FV intake was assessed via food frequency questionnaires. We categorized FVs as having high- or low-Pesticide-Residues using a validated method based on Pesticide surveillance data from the US Department of Agriculture. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of CHD in relation to high- and low-Pesticide-Residue FV intake. Results A total of 3707 incident CHD events were identified during 2,241,977 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of low-Pesticide-Residue FVs was associated with a lower risk of CHD whereas high-Pesticide-Residue FV intake was unrelated to CHD risk. Specifically, compared with individuals consuming Conclusions Our data suggested exposure to Pesticide Residues through FV intake may modify some cardiovascular benefits of FV consumption. Further confirmation of these findings, especially using biomarkers for assessment of Pesticide exposure, is needed.
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association between Pesticide Residue intake from consumption of fruits and vegetables and pregnancy outcomes among women undergoing infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technology
JAMA Internal Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Yuhan Chiu, Lidia Minguezalarcon, Paige L Williams, Matthew W Gillman, Audrey J Gaskins, Irene Souter, Thomas L Toth, Jennifer B FordAbstract:Importance Animal experiments suggest that ingestion of Pesticide mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations decreases the number of live-born offspring. Whether the same is true in humans is unknown. Objective To examine the association of preconception intake of Pesticide Residues in fruits and vegetables (FVs) with outcomes of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Design, Setting, and Participants This analysis included 325 women who completed a diet assessment and subsequently underwent 541 ART cycles in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) prospective cohort study (2007-2016) at a fertility center at a teaching hospital. We categorized FVs as having high or low Pesticide Residues using a validated method based on surveillance data from the US Department of Agriculture. Cluster-weighted generalized estimating equations were used to analyze associations of high– and low–Pesticide Residue FV intake with ART outcomes. Main Outcomes and Measures Adjusted probabilities of clinical pregnancy and live birth per treatment cycle. Results In the 325 participants (mean [SD] age, 35.1 [4.0] y; body mass index, 24.1 [4.3]), mean (SD) intakes of high– and low–Pesticide Residue FVs were 1.7 (1.0) and 2.8 (1.6) servings/d, respectively. Greater intake of high–Pesticide Residue FVs was associated with a lower probability of clinical pregnancy and live birth. Compared with women in the lowest quartile of high-Pesticide FV intake ( Conclusions and Relevance Higher consumption of high–Pesticide Residue FVs was associated with lower probabilities of pregnancy and live birth following infertility treatment with ART. These data suggest that dietary Pesticide exposure within the range of typical human exposure may be associated with adverse reproductive consequences.
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comparison of questionnaire based estimation of Pesticide Residue intake from fruits and vegetables with urinary concentrations of Pesticide biomarkers
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2018Co-Authors: Yuhan Chiu, Russ Hauser, Qi Sun, Lidia Minguezalarcon, Paige L Williams, Matthew W Gillman, Maria Ospina, Antonia M Calafat, Jorge E ChavarroAbstract:We developed a Pesticide Residue burden score (PRBS) based on a food frequency questionnaire and surveillance data on food Pesticide Residues to characterize dietary exposure over the past year. In the present study, we evaluated the association of the PRBS with urinary concentrations of Pesticide biomarkers. Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake was classified as having high (PRBS≥4) or low (PRBS<4) Pesticide Residues for 90 men from the EARTH study. Two urine samples per man were analyzed for seven biomarkers of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. We used generalized estimating equations to analyze the association of the PRBS with urinary concentrations of Pesticide biomarkers. Urinary concentrations of Pesticide biomarkers were positively related to high Pesticide FV intake but inversely related to low Pesticide FV intake. The molar sum of urinary concentrations of Pesticide biomarkers was 21% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2%, 44%) higher for each one serving/day increase in high Pesticide FV intake, and 10% (95% CI: 1%, 18%) lower for each one serving/day increase in low Pesticide FV intake. Furthermore, intake of high Pesticide FVs positively related to most individual urinary biomarkers. Our findings support the usefulness of the PRBS approach to characterize dietary exposure to select Pesticides.
Felix Hernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantification confirmation and screening capability of uhplc coupled to triple quadrupole and hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in Pesticide Residue analysis
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2010Co-Authors: Susana Grimalt, Juan V Sancho, Oscar J Pozo, Felix HernandezAbstract:The potential of three mass spectrometry (MS) analyzers (triple quadrupole, QqQ; time of flight, TOF; and quadrupole time of flight, QTOF) has been investigated and compared for quantification, confirmation and screening purposes in Pesticide Residue analysis of fruit and vegetable samples. For this purpose, analytical methodology for multiResidue determination of 11 Pesticides, taken as a model, has been developed and validated in nine food matrices for the three mass analyzers coupled to ultra high pressure liquid chromatography. In all cases, limits of quantification around 0.01 mg/kg were reached, fulfilling the most restrictive case of baby-food analysis. Regarding absolute sensitivity, the lower limits of detection were obtained, as expected, for QqQ (100 fg), whereas slightly higher limits (300 fg) were obtained for both TOF and QTOF. Confirmative capacity of each analyzer was studied for each analyte based on the identification points (IPs) criterion, useful for a comprehensive comparison. QTOF mass analyzer showed the highest confirmatory capacity, although QqQ normally led to sufficient number of IPs, even at lower concentration levels. The potential of TOF MS was also investigated for screening purposes. To this aim, around 50 commercial fruits and vegetables samples were analyzed, searching for more than 400 Pesticides. TOF MS proved to be an attractive analytical tool for rapid detection and reliable identification of a large number of Pesticides thanks to the full spectrum acquisition at accurate mass with satisfactory sensitivity. This process is readily boosted when combined with specialized software packages, together with theoretical exact mass databases. Several Pesticides (e.g. carbendazim in citrus and indoxacarb in grape) were detected in the samples. Further unequivocal confirmation of the identity was performed using reference standards and/or QTOF MS/MS experiments.
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quantification confirmation and screening capability of uhplc coupled to triple quadrupole and hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in Pesticide Residue analysis
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2010Co-Authors: Susana Grimalt, Juan V Sancho, Oscar J Pozo, Felix HernandezAbstract:The potential of three mass spectrometry (MS) analyzers (triple quadrupole, QqQ; time of flight, TOF; and quadrupole time of flight, QTOF) has been investigated and compared for quantification, confirmation and screening purposes in Pesticide Residue analysis of fruit and vegetable samples. For this purpose, analytical methodology for multiResidue determination of 11 Pesticides, taken as a model, has been developed and validated in nine food matrices for the three mass analyzers coupled to ultra high pressure liquid chromatography. In all cases, limits of quantification around 0.01 mg/kg were reached, fulfilling the most restrictive case of baby-food analysis. Regarding absolute sensitivity, the lower limits of detection were obtained, as expected, for QqQ (100 fg), whereas slightly higher limits (300 fg) were obtained for both TOF and QTOF. Confirmative capacity of each analyzer was studied for each analyte based on the identification points (IPs) criterion, useful for a comprehensive comparison. QTOF mass analyzer showed the highest confirmatory capacity, although QqQ normally led to sufficient number of IPs, even at lower concentration levels. The potential of TOF MS was also investigated for screening purposes. To this aim, around 50 commercial fruits and vegetables samples were analyzed, searching for more than 400 Pesticides. TOF MS proved to be an attractive analytical tool for rapid detection and reliable identification of a large number of Pesticides thanks to the full spectrum acquisition at accurate mass with satisfactory sensitivity. This process is readily boosted when combined with specialized software packages, together with theoretical exact mass databases. Several Pesticides (e.g. carbendazim in citrus and indoxacarb in grape) were detected in the samples. Further unequivocal confirmation of the identity was performed using reference standards and/or QTOF MS/MS experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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solid phase microextraction in Pesticide Residue analysis
Journal of Chromatography A, 2000Co-Authors: J Beltran, F J Lopez, Felix HernandezAbstract:The applications of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for sample preparation in Pesticide Residue analysis are reviewed in this paper taking into account the different approaches of this technique coupled mainly to gas chromatography but also to high-performance liquid chromatography. A complete revision of the existing literature has been made considering the different applications divided according to the Pesticide families (organochlorine, organophosphorus, triazines, thiocarbamates, substituted uracils, urea derivatives and dinitroanilines among others) and the sample matrices analysed which included environmental samples (water and soil), food samples and biological fluids. Details on the analytical characteristics of the procedures described in the reviewed papers are given, and new trends in the applications of SPME in this field are discussed.
G Font - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental and food applications of lc tandem mass spectrometry in Pesticide Residue analysis an overview
Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2004Co-Authors: Yolanda Pico, Cristina Blasco, G FontAbstract:An overview is given on Pesticide-Residue determination in environmental and food samples by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Pesticides comprise a large number of substances that belong to many completely different chemical groups, the only common characteristic is that they are effective against pests. They still constitute a challenge in MS because there is no collective pathway for fragmentation. A brief introduction to the theory of tandem MS permits a discussion of which parameters influence the ionization efficiency when the ions are subjected to different actions. Emphasis is placed on the different tandem MS instruments: triple and ion-trap quadrupoles, and hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF), including advantages and drawbacks, typical detection limits, and ion signals at low concentrations. The instrumental setup, as well as LC and mass spectrometric experimental conditions, must be carefully selected to increase the performance of the analytical system. The capacity of each instrument to provide useful data for the identification of Pesticides, and the possibility to obtain structural information for the identification of target and non-target compounds, are discussed. Finally, sample preparation techniques and examples of applications are debated to reveal the potential of the current state-of-the-art technology, and to further promote the usefulness of tandem MS.
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environmental and food applications of lc tandem mass spectrometry in Pesticide Residue analysis an overview
Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2004Co-Authors: Yolanda Pico, Cristina Blasco, G FontAbstract:I. Introduction 45 II. Pesticide Structures and Properties 46 III. Extraction and Isolation Methods from Environmental and Food Samples 47 IV. LC/MS/MS Analysis of Pesticides 53 A. Interfacing Systems 53 B. Instrumental Aspects 57 C. Optimization of Chromatographic Mass Spectrometric Conditions 57 V. Tandem MS Methods 59 A. Triple Quadrupole 59 B. Quadrupole Ion Trap 66 C. Hybrid Quadrupole TOF (Q-TOF) 71 VI. Performance Characteristics of LC-Tandem MS for Pesticides 72 VII. Applications 75 VIII. Conclusions 80 References 81 An overview is given on Pesticide-Residue determination in environmental and food samples by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Pesticides comprise a large number of substances that belong to many completely different chemical groups, the only common characteristic is that they are effective against pests. They still constitute a challenge in MS because there is no collective pathway for fragmentation. A brief introduction to the theory of tandem MS permits a discussion of which parameters influence the ionization efficiency when the ions are subjected to different actions. Emphasis is placed on the different tandem MS instruments: triple and ion-trap quadrupoles, and hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF), including advantages and drawbacks, typical detection limits, and ion signals at low concentrations. The instrumental setup, as well as LC and mass spectrometric experimental conditions, must be carefully selected to increase the performance of the analytical system. The capacity of each instrument to provide useful data for the identification of Pesticides, and the possibility to obtain structural information for the identification of target and non-target compounds, are discussed. Finally, sample preparation techniques and examples of applications are debated to reveal the potential of the current state-of-the-art technology, and to further promote the usefulness of tandem MS. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 23:45–85, 2004