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Mark D. B. Eldridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • taxonomy of rock wallabies Petrogale marsupialia macropodidae v a description of two new subspecies of the black footed rock wallaby Petrogale lateralis
    Australian Journal of Zoology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mark D. B. Eldridge, Sally Potter
    Abstract:

    The black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) is the most widespread member of the endemic Australian macropodid genus Petrogale. Considerable morphological and genetic diversity within this species has long been recognised and P. lateralis is currently divided into three described subspecies (P. lateralis lateralis, P. l. pearsoni, P. l. hacketti) and two undescribed forms (MacDonnell Ranges race, West Kimberley race). Chromosomal, morphological, genic and genomic studies have demonstrated that these five taxa are closely related but distinguishable. Here, we formally name the MacDonnell Ranges race and the West Kimberley race as subspecies of P. lateralis. Taxonomic registration: (LSID publication) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71C3B7CE-CE3D-4A78-83A6-5EB50FBBA810

  • population monitoring of small and declining brush tailed rock wallaby Petrogale penicillata colonies at the extreme of their range using faecal dna sampling
    Australian Mammalogy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Maxine P Piggott, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Todd Soderquist, Birgita D Hansen, Andrea Carolyn Taylor
    Abstract:

    Obtaining much-needed information on population parameters such as abundance and genetic diversity can be difficult for small and declining populations. The brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) is an endangered and cryptic species with many colonies in decline. The Warrumbungle National Park (NP) in New South Wales contains a declining metapopulation of P. penicillata at the western (inland) extreme of the species’ current range. Loss of these colonies would cause substantial range contraction and probable loss of regional genetic diversity in the Central Evolutionary Significance Unit (ESU). We used non-invasive genetic methods to identify individuals from faecal DNA from five colonies in the Warrumbungle NP. We identified a minimum of 21 individuals, with the largest colony containing seven individuals. The Warrumbungle NP colonies showed significant intercolony structuring and we were able to detect a single dispersal event. Comparison of genetic diversity to other Central ESU colonies shows that loss of the Warrumbungle NP population will result in loss of unique diversity from this region. The minimum number of animals and genetic diversity information obtained in this study was used to support management actions of herbivore control and translocation in the Warrumbungle NP population.

  • genetic affinities of a remnant population of the brush tailed rock wallaby Petrogale penicillata in mt kaputar national park northern new south wales
    Australian Mammalogy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mark D. B. Eldridge, Linda E Neaves, James Faris, Todd Soderquist
    Abstract:

    The brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) is now extinct west of the Great Dividing Range, apart from remnant populations in the Warrumbungles and at Mt Kaputar. Previous genetic analysis has identified deep genetic subdivisions within P. penicillata, but samples from Mt Kaputar were not included. Mitochondrial DNA sequences obtained from Mt Kaputar and the Warrumbungles clustered within the Central ESU, extending its distribution north of the Hunter River onto the north-western slopes adjacent to populations of the Northern ESU. These highly threatened western populations are the only P. penicillata persisting in semiarid conditions. This makes them of particular value to the long-term survival of the species and their conservation should be a priority.

  • biodiversity of parasite assemblages in the genus Petrogale and its relation to the phylogeny and biogeography of their hosts
    Australian Journal of Zoology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Elke T Vermeulen, Ian Beveridge, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Michelle L Power, David A Nipperess
    Abstract:

    Parasites form an integral part of overall biodiversity although they are often overlooked in conservation management, where emphasis is primarily directed towards the host. Parasites are often highly specialised to particular hosts, and thus may be just as threatened as the host they inhabit. For many of Australia’s wildlife species, little is known about their associated parasite communities. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we documented the parasite fauna described in the genetically diverse marsupial genus Petrogale, which contains seven species of conservation concern. The literature evaluation showed parasites of Petrogale to be highly diverse, with 17 species of protozoa, 8 species of cestodes, 102 species of nematodes and 30 species of ectoparasites identified in 16 of 17 Petrogale host species. A comparison of the parasite communities amongst Petrogale host species indicated a highly significant correlation between the parasite community similarity, and the phylogeny (P = 0.008) and biogeography (P = 0.0001) of their Petrogale hosts, suggesting high host specificity within their associated parasite assemblages. Five Petrogale species have established species recovery programs and their parasite communities should also be considered threatened, and management of parasite diversity required as part of these conservation programs.

  • gene flow despite complex robertsonian fusions among rock wallaby Petrogale species
    Biology Letters, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sally Potter, Craig Moritz, Mark D. B. Eldridge
    Abstract:

    Complex Robertsonian rearrangements, with shared arms in different fusions, are expected to prevent gene flow between hybrids through missegregation during meiosis. Here, we estimate gene flow between recently diverged and chromosomally diverse rock-wallabies (Petrogale) to test for this form of chromosomal speciation. Contrary to expectations, we observe relatively high admixture among species with complex fusions. Our results reinforce the need to consider alternative roles of chromosome change, together with genic divergence, in driving speciation.

Ian Beveridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • new species of wallabinema beveridge 1983 nematoda strongyloidea and a redescription of w gallardi johnston mawson 1939 from australian macropodid marsupials
    Systematic Parasitology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ian Beveridge
    Abstract:

    : Two new species of Wallabinema Beveridge, 1983 are described from the sacculated fore-stomachs of macropodid marsupials in Australia. Wallabinema Petrogale n. sp. from the rock wallabies Petrogale penicillata (J. Gray) and P. inornata Gould, from Queensland, differs from all congeners in having its four sub-median lips subdivided at the base. Wallabinema macropodis n. sp. from the black stripe wallaby Macropus dorsalis (J. Gray) and the red-necked pademelon Thylogale thetis (Lesson), also from Queensland, is most similar to congeners with the nerve-ring encircling the oesophageal isthmus (W. parvispiculare Beveridge, 1983, W. tasmaniense Beveridge, 1983 and W. thylogale Beveridge, 1983), but differs in the length of the spicules. Wallabinema gallardi (Johnston & Mawson, 1939) is redescribed from T. thetis in Queensland and New South Wales, with T. thetis considered to be the type-host.

  • biodiversity of parasite assemblages in the genus Petrogale and its relation to the phylogeny and biogeography of their hosts
    Australian Journal of Zoology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Elke T Vermeulen, Ian Beveridge, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Michelle L Power, David A Nipperess
    Abstract:

    Parasites form an integral part of overall biodiversity although they are often overlooked in conservation management, where emphasis is primarily directed towards the host. Parasites are often highly specialised to particular hosts, and thus may be just as threatened as the host they inhabit. For many of Australia’s wildlife species, little is known about their associated parasite communities. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we documented the parasite fauna described in the genetically diverse marsupial genus Petrogale, which contains seven species of conservation concern. The literature evaluation showed parasites of Petrogale to be highly diverse, with 17 species of protozoa, 8 species of cestodes, 102 species of nematodes and 30 species of ectoparasites identified in 16 of 17 Petrogale host species. A comparison of the parasite communities amongst Petrogale host species indicated a highly significant correlation between the parasite community similarity, and the phylogeny (P = 0.008) and biogeography (P = 0.0001) of their Petrogale hosts, suggesting high host specificity within their associated parasite assemblages. Five Petrogale species have established species recovery programs and their parasite communities should also be considered threatened, and management of parasite diversity required as part of these conservation programs.

  • genetic variation within the hypodontus macropi nematoda strongyloidea complex from macropodid marsupial hosts in australia
    Electrophoresis, 2012
    Co-Authors: Neil B Chilton, Robin B Gasser, Florence Hubychilton, Abdul Jabbar, Ian Beveridge
    Abstract:

    : Genetic variation was investigated in the strongylid nematode Hypodontus macropi from macropodid marsupials using the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. A total of 547 specimens from ten species of hosts, representing all of the known hosts of the parasite, from across the Australian continent was examined. Phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct genetic clades in each of Macropus agilis, M. dorsalis, M. rufogriseus, M. bicolor, Petrogale persephone, Thylogale billardierii and T. stigmatica. A further clade contained all specimens from M. robustus and M. rufus, together with two examples of host switching by nematodes into M. fuliginosus. The latter clade was subdivided into three subclades, one comprising specimens occurring in M. robustus erubescens, M. rufus and M. fuliginosus, the second in M. r. woodwardi and the third in M. r. robustus suggesting a relationship between the subclades and the subspecies of M. robustus. The extent of the genetic differences and the fact that several of them occur in broad sympatry suggests that H. macropi as currently defined morphologically may represent as many as ten cryptic species. Limited evidence was found for co-speciation between hosts and parasites; rather most relationships were better explained by host switching.

  • genetic variation within species of the nematode genus cloacina strongyloidea cloacininae parasitic in the stomachs of rock wallabies Petrogale spp marsupialia macropodidae in queensland
    Australian Journal of Zoology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ian Beveridge, Neil B Chilton, Florence Hubychilton, Peter M Johnson, Robin B Gasser
    Abstract:

    Four morphospecies of Cloacina, parasitic nematodes in the stomachs of rock wallabies (Petrogale spp.) from Queensland, were compared genetically using sequence data of the two internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The results suggest that two geographically isolated populations of C. ernabella from P. purpureicollis were genetically distinct. Based on the autapomorphic species concept, these two C. ernabella populations represented different species. For the three other nematode morphospecies, there were genetic differences among individuals of a morphospecies present in different species of host. The results suggest that each may represent a complex of sibling species, with a different species present in each species of rock wallaby examined for that morphospecies. In the C. caenis and C. pearsoni complexes, the lineage present in P. purpureicollis from western Queensland represents a sister taxon to those in the P. pencillata complex from the east coast. In the C. robertsi complex, the taxon parasitic in P. persephone represents the sister taxon to those in the P. pencillata complex and in P. purpureicollis. C. robertsi was found for the first time in P. purpureicollis from Winton in central Queensland, suggesting contact in the recent past between populations of P. purpureicollis and a member of the P. penicillata complex.

  • a re description of progamotaenia ewersi schmidt 1975 cestoda anoplocephalidae from wallabies and kangaroos macropodidae with the description of a new species progamotaenia ualabati n sp
    Transactions of The Royal Society of South Australia, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ian Beveridge
    Abstract:

    AbstractA new species of anoplocephalid cestode, Progamotaenia ualabati n. sp., is described from the small intestines of the wallabies Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest, 1804) and Macropus parma Waterhouse, 1845. It most closely resembles P. ewersi (Schmidt, 1975) in having an ovoid cirrus sac which does not extend into the medulla, but differs in strobilar width, the length of the distal vagina, the asymmetry ratio of the female genitalia and the shape of the egg. Progamotaenia ewersi is redescribed from the type host, M. agilis (Gould, 1842). Specimens from this host species differ from those found in M. fuliginosus (Desmarest, 1817) and M. giganteus Shaw, 1790 in scolex size and from specimens from M. parryi Bennett, 1835 in the size of the seminal receptacle. Specimens are also reported from Macropus rufogriseus (Desmarest, 1817), M. irma (Jourdan, 1837), W. bicolor, Petrogale assimilis Ramsay, 1877, Pet. penicillata (Gray, 1825) and from captive M. rufus (Desmarest, 1822) and M. parma. However, insufficie...

Sally Potter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • taxonomy of rock wallabies Petrogale marsupialia macropodidae v a description of two new subspecies of the black footed rock wallaby Petrogale lateralis
    Australian Journal of Zoology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mark D. B. Eldridge, Sally Potter
    Abstract:

    The black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) is the most widespread member of the endemic Australian macropodid genus Petrogale. Considerable morphological and genetic diversity within this species has long been recognised and P. lateralis is currently divided into three described subspecies (P. lateralis lateralis, P. l. pearsoni, P. l. hacketti) and two undescribed forms (MacDonnell Ranges race, West Kimberley race). Chromosomal, morphological, genic and genomic studies have demonstrated that these five taxa are closely related but distinguishable. Here, we formally name the MacDonnell Ranges race and the West Kimberley race as subspecies of P. lateralis. Taxonomic registration: (LSID publication) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71C3B7CE-CE3D-4A78-83A6-5EB50FBBA810

  • gene flow despite complex robertsonian fusions among rock wallaby Petrogale species
    Biology Letters, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sally Potter, Craig Moritz, Mark D. B. Eldridge
    Abstract:

    Complex Robertsonian rearrangements, with shared arms in different fusions, are expected to prevent gene flow between hybrids through missegregation during meiosis. Here, we estimate gene flow between recently diverged and chromosomally diverse rock-wallabies (Petrogale) to test for this form of chromosomal speciation. Contrary to expectations, we observe relatively high admixture among species with complex fusions. Our results reinforce the need to consider alternative roles of chromosome change, together with genic divergence, in driving speciation.

  • habitat connectivity more than species biology influences genetic differentiation in a habitat specialist the short eared rock wallaby Petrogale brachyotis
    Conservation Genetics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mark D. B. Eldridge, Sally Potter, Steven J B Cooper, Justyna Zofia Paplinska, David A Taggart
    Abstract:

    It is difficult to assess the relative influence of anthropogenic processes (e.g., habitat fragmentation) versus species’ biology on the level of genetic differentiation among populations when species are restricted in their distribution to fragmented habitats. This issue is particularly problematic for Australian rock-wallabies (Petrogale sp.), where most previous studies have examined threatened species in anthropogenically fragmented habitats. The short-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale brachyotis) provides an opportunity to assess natural population structure and gene flow in relatively continuous habitat across north-western Australia. This region has reported widespread declines in small-to-medium sized mammals, making data regarding the influence of habitat connectivity on genetic diversity important for broad-scale management. Using non-invasive and standard methods, 12 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA were compared to examine patterns of population structure and dispersal among populations of P. brachyotis in the Kimberley, Western Australia. Low genetic differentiation was detected between populations separated by up to 67 km. The inferred genetic connectivity of these populations suggests that in suitable habitat P. brachyotis can potentially disperse far greater distances than previously reported for rock-wallabies in more fragmented habitat. Like other Petrogale species male-biased dispersal was detected. These findings suggest that a complete understanding of population biology may not be achieved solely by the study of fragmented populations in disturbed environments and that management strategies may need to draw on studies of populations (or related species) in undisturbed areas of contiguous habitat.

  • phylogenetic relationships of rock wallabies Petrogale marsupialia macropodidae and their biogeographic history within australia
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sally Potter, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Cushla J. Metcalfe, David A Taggart, Steven J B Cooper
    Abstract:

    The rock-wallaby genus Petrogale comprises a group of habitat-specialist macropodids endemic to Australia. Their restriction to rocky outcrops, with infrequent interpopulation dispersal, has been suggested as the cause of their recent and rapid diversification. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within and among species of Petrogale were analysed using mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1, cytochrome b, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) and nuclear (omega-globin intron, breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene) sequence data with representatives that encompassed the morphological and chromosomal variation within the genus, including for the first time both Petrogale concinna and Petrogale purpureicollis. Four distinct lineages were identified, (1) the brachyotis group, (2) Petrogale persephone, (3) Petrogale xanthopus and (4) the lateralis–penicillata group. Three of these lineages include taxa with the ancestral karyotype (2n = 22). Paraphyletic relationships within the brachyotis group indicate the need for a focused phylogeographic study. There was support for P. purpureicollis being reinstated as a full species and P. concinna being placed within Petrogale rather than in the monotypic genus Peradorcas. Bayesian analyses of divergence times suggest that episodes of diversification commenced in the late Miocene-Pliocene and continued throughout the Pleistocene. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that Petrogale originated in a mesic environment and dispersed into more arid environments, events that correlate with the timing of radiations in other arid zone vertebrate taxa across Australia.

Craig Moritz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

David A Taggart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • habitat connectivity more than species biology influences genetic differentiation in a habitat specialist the short eared rock wallaby Petrogale brachyotis
    Conservation Genetics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mark D. B. Eldridge, Sally Potter, Steven J B Cooper, Justyna Zofia Paplinska, David A Taggart
    Abstract:

    It is difficult to assess the relative influence of anthropogenic processes (e.g., habitat fragmentation) versus species’ biology on the level of genetic differentiation among populations when species are restricted in their distribution to fragmented habitats. This issue is particularly problematic for Australian rock-wallabies (Petrogale sp.), where most previous studies have examined threatened species in anthropogenically fragmented habitats. The short-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale brachyotis) provides an opportunity to assess natural population structure and gene flow in relatively continuous habitat across north-western Australia. This region has reported widespread declines in small-to-medium sized mammals, making data regarding the influence of habitat connectivity on genetic diversity important for broad-scale management. Using non-invasive and standard methods, 12 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA were compared to examine patterns of population structure and dispersal among populations of P. brachyotis in the Kimberley, Western Australia. Low genetic differentiation was detected between populations separated by up to 67 km. The inferred genetic connectivity of these populations suggests that in suitable habitat P. brachyotis can potentially disperse far greater distances than previously reported for rock-wallabies in more fragmented habitat. Like other Petrogale species male-biased dispersal was detected. These findings suggest that a complete understanding of population biology may not be achieved solely by the study of fragmented populations in disturbed environments and that management strategies may need to draw on studies of populations (or related species) in undisturbed areas of contiguous habitat.

  • phylogenetic relationships of rock wallabies Petrogale marsupialia macropodidae and their biogeographic history within australia
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sally Potter, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Cushla J. Metcalfe, David A Taggart, Steven J B Cooper
    Abstract:

    The rock-wallaby genus Petrogale comprises a group of habitat-specialist macropodids endemic to Australia. Their restriction to rocky outcrops, with infrequent interpopulation dispersal, has been suggested as the cause of their recent and rapid diversification. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within and among species of Petrogale were analysed using mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1, cytochrome b, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) and nuclear (omega-globin intron, breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene) sequence data with representatives that encompassed the morphological and chromosomal variation within the genus, including for the first time both Petrogale concinna and Petrogale purpureicollis. Four distinct lineages were identified, (1) the brachyotis group, (2) Petrogale persephone, (3) Petrogale xanthopus and (4) the lateralis–penicillata group. Three of these lineages include taxa with the ancestral karyotype (2n = 22). Paraphyletic relationships within the brachyotis group indicate the need for a focused phylogeographic study. There was support for P. purpureicollis being reinstated as a full species and P. concinna being placed within Petrogale rather than in the monotypic genus Peradorcas. Bayesian analyses of divergence times suggest that episodes of diversification commenced in the late Miocene-Pliocene and continued throughout the Pleistocene. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that Petrogale originated in a mesic environment and dispersed into more arid environments, events that correlate with the timing of radiations in other arid zone vertebrate taxa across Australia.

  • home range studies in a reintroduced brush tailed rock wallaby Petrogale penicillata population in the grampians national park victoria
    Australian Mammalogy, 2011
    Co-Authors: J Molyneux, David A Taggart, Anthony Corrigan, Sean Frey
    Abstract:

    In 2008, after 9 years of presumed local extinction, brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) were reintroduced at Moora Moora Creek in the Grampians National Park, western Victoria. Since little is known about this species in Victoria, the reintroduction presented an important opportunity to gain information on the species’ ecology. Radio-tracking was undertaken and home range determined for three individuals released 11 months before this study and a further five individuals that were released at the commencement of the study in October 2009. Home-range size showed little variation amongst individuals, with a mean overall home range of 26 ha (±1.69, s.e.) and a mean core home range of 2.5 ha (±0.24, s.e.). Newly reintroduced individuals showed higher levels of association with wallabies from the same release and greater site fidelity when known conspecifics were close. Within 5 months of release, newly reintroduced animals showed home ranges similar in both size and distribution to those of animals released 11 months prior.

  • preliminary spatial behaviour of warru Petrogale lateralis macdonnell ranges race in the anangu pitjantjatjara yankunytjatjara lands south australia
    Australian Mammalogy, 2011
    Co-Authors: Laura Ruykys, David A Taggart, Matthew J Ward, W G Breed
    Abstract:

    This study aimed to determine the home range and movement patterns of Petrogale lateralis in the arid-zone Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in the north-west of South Australia. Ten Global Positioning System radio-collars were attached to animals, with collars programmed to function in 2008–09. Catastrophic collar failure resulted in only 28 days of data, from July 2008, being retrieved from one adult female. During this time, the female occupied a 90% kernel range of 57.9 ha and core (50%) range of 9.3 ha. The animal moved a total of 50.8 km and undertook three journeys of over 1 km. The longest of these was 1.2 km, undertaken in 89 min. The high mobility of the study animal has implications for management, particularly predator baiting and fire management strategies. Future research should assess the validity of these results by increasing sample size and conducting similar work for other arid-zone P. lateralis. The lessons learnt from the current GPS collar deployment may also be of interest to other researchers.

  • investigations into the health of brush tailed rock wallabies Petrogale penicillata before and after reintroduction
    Australian Mammalogy, 2011
    Co-Authors: David Schultz, Brian Rich, Wayne Rohrig, Peter J Mccarthy, Brian Mathews, Tim Schultz, Tony Corrigan, David A Taggart
    Abstract:

    The health of reintroduced animals has received little attention despite the potential impacts of poor animal health on the overall success of the reintroduction and potential risks to the host environment. As part of a reintroduction program, captive-bred brush-tailed rock-wallabies (BTRWs) (Petrogale penicillata) were hardened-off for at least three months before release into the Grampians National Park, western Victoria. A total of 41 animals were involved in the project, with the 24 selected for hardening-off aged between 1.1 and 4.3 years. In all, 21 animals have been released, with data from 11 collected from all sites (captive, hardening-off and reintroduced). At each site animals were periodically trapped, anaesthetised, physically examined, weighed, and blood sampled for haematological and biochemical data over three calendar years. All reintroduced animals were radio-collared. This study presents data across sites (167 samples), two seasons (winter/spring, 95 samples; summer/autumn, 72 samples), two different age groups (juveniles 1.25 years) and both sexes. Seventy percent of released BTRWs and 90% of sympatric macropodids were positive for macropod herpes virus; none of three BTRWs tested for toxoplasmosis was positive. Faeces were collected opportunistically for flotation and ectoparasites were collected and identified. While physical examinations with anaesthesia were safe and eliminated some animals from being released, they failed to detect all cases of oral cavity disease. A reference range of haematological and biochemical parameters have been established for this evolutionarily significant unit of BTRW. Lymphocyte/neutrophil ratios of released animals suggested that the main acute stressor is a handling phenomenon but the oxidative stress index suggested that animals were coping with their environment. Significant site differences were noted for several variables including red cell mass (red cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit), white cell count, lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio, albumin globulin ratio, creatinine, urate, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, retinol, cholinesterase, total carotenoids and oxidative stress index. Significant seasonal differences were noted for some variables, including red cell mass, ascorbic acid, albumin globulin ratio, cholinesterase, total carotenoids and retinol. Significant age differences were noted for red cell mass, albumin and dietary antioxidants. The only sex-related difference related to higher retinol levels in females. Those parameters related to diet, e.g. albumin, retinol, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and total carotenoids were consistent with those found in other rock-wallabies.

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