Wallabia Bicolor

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Ian Beveridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genetic variation within the genus macropostrongyloides nematoda strongyloidea from australian macropodid and vombatid marsupials
    Parasitology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Tanapan Sukee, Ian Beveridge, Neil B. Chilton, Abdul Jabbar
    Abstract:

    The genetic variation and taxonomic status of the four morphologically-defined species of Macropostrongyloides in Australian macropodid and vombatid marsupials were examined using sequence data of the ITS+ region (=first and second internal transcribed spacers, and the 5.8S rRNA gene) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The results of the phylogenetic analyses revealed that Ma. baylisi was a species complex consisting of four genetically distinct groups, some of which are host-specific. In addition, Ma. lasiorhini in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) did not form a monophyletic clade with Ma. lasiorhini from the southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons), suggesting the possibility of cryptic (genetically distinct but morphologically similar) species. There was also some genetic divergence between Ma. dissimilis in swamp wallabies (Wallabia Bicolor) from different geographical regions. In contrast, there was no genetic divergence among specimens of Ma. yamagutii across its broad geographical range or between host species (i.e. Macropus fuliginosus and M. giganteus). Macropostrongyloides dissimilis represented the sister taxon to Ma. baylisi, Ma. yamagutii and Ma. lasiorhini. Further morphological and molecular studies are required to assess the species complex of Ma. baylisi.

  • Speciation in the genus Cloacina (Nematoda: Strongylida): species flocks and intra-host speciation.
    Parasitology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Neil B. Chilton, Abdul Jabbar, Anson V. Koehler, Robin B. Gasser, M. A. Shuttleworth, Florence Huby-chilton, Ian Beveridge
    Abstract:

    Sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 + ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were employed to determine whether the congeneric assemblages of species of the strongyloid nematode genus Cloacina, found in the forestomachs of individual species of kangaroos and wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), considered to represent species flocks, were monophyletic. Nematode assemblages examined in the black-striped wallaby, Macropus (Notamacropus) dorsalis, the wallaroos, Macropus (Osphranter) antilopinus/robustus, rock wallabies, Petrogale spp., the quokka, Setonix brachyurus, and the swamp wallaby, Wallabia Bicolor, were not monophyletic and appeared to have arisen by host colonization. However, a number of instances of within-host speciation were detected, suggesting that a variety of methods of speciation have contributed to the evolution of the complex assemblages of species present in this genus.

  • the gastro intestinal helminth parasites of the swamp wallaby Wallabia Bicolor desmarest marsupialia macropodidae and their regional distribution
    Transactions of The Royal Society of South Australia, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ian Beveridge
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTThe gastro-intestinal helminth parasite community of the swamp wallaby, Wallabia Bicolor (Desmarest) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) is reviewed based on published and previously unpublished data, covering its entire geographical range. The diversity recorded is higher than in previous studies and with substantial differences between northern and southern parasite communities. This difference is attributable in part to host-specific parasite species, but is due mainly to species acquired from sympatric macropodid hosts, which differ substantially between northern and southern regions. Additionally, helminth species were identified with primarily southern distributions but with occurrences at a low prevalence in northern regions. Diversity was greater in southern populations of the host. It is predicted that additional helminth parasites are likely to be found in W. Bicolor, but that these will be either species with a highly localised distribution, of which several have already been reported, or occas...

  • new species of cloacina von linstow 1898 nematoda strongylida from the swamp wallaby Wallabia Bicolor desmarest 1804 marsupialia
    Transactions of The Royal Society of South Australia, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ian Beveridge, Abdul Jabbar, Mary Shuttleworth
    Abstract:

    AbstractAlthough the principal species of the parasitic nematode genus Cloacina von Linstow, 1898 found in the stomach of the swamp wallaby, Wallabia Bicolor (Desmarest, 1804) (Marsupialia) are relatively well established, continuing collections from this host have led to the finding of additional new species often with restricted geographical distributions or occurring rarely in the host. Three new species are described and an additional five undescribed species are identified which cannot be named due to lack of specimens. The three new species are C. aethra sp. nov. from Victoria, C. galatea sp nov. from Queensland and C. anthea sp. nov. from both Victoria and Queensland.

  • a re description of progamotaenia ewersi schmidt 1975 cestoda anoplocephalidae from wallabies and kangaroos macropodidae with the description of a new species progamotaenia ualabati n sp
    Transactions of The Royal Society of South Australia, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ian Beveridge
    Abstract:

    A new species of anoplocephalid cestode, Progamotaenia ualabati n. sp., is described from the small intestines of the wallabies Wallabia Bicolor (Desmarest, 1804) and Macropus parma Waterhouse, 184...

Graeme Coulson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • skeletal fluorosis in marsupials a comparison of bone lesions in six species from an australian industrial site
    Science of The Total Environment, 2017
    Co-Authors: Clare Death, Graeme Coulson, Uwe Kierdorf, Horst Kierdorf, Richard Ploeg, Simon M Firestone, Ian R Dohoo, Jasmin Hufschmid
    Abstract:

    In this study we explored the prevalence, type, location and severity of skeletal lesions in six species of Australian marsupial (Macropus giganteus, Notamacropus rufogriseus, Wallabia Bicolor, Phascolarctos cinereus, Trichosurus vulpecula and Pseudocheirus peregrinus) from high and low-fluoride environments. Lesions occurred to varying extents in all species, and lesion distribution varied with biomechanical differences in gait and mastication. Bone fluoride levels increased with severity of periosteal hyperostosis. The mean bone fluoride concentration of individuals lacking hyperostosis (across all species, from both high and low-fluoride environments) was 1100±260μgF-/g dry bone, compared to 4300±1200μgF-/g and 6300±1200μgF-/g in those with mild and severe grade hyperostosis, respectively. Multivariable modelling showed that the probability of observing a lesion varied across species, anatomical location, age and bone fluoride concentration (in a non-linear manner). The pathological changes reported in the marsupials are consistent with the range of fluoride-related lesions described in other mammals, and biomechanical differences among the studied marsupial species offer some explanation for the degree of interspecific variability in prevalence, type, anatomical location, and severity of the lesions.

  • a method for age estimation in the swamp wallaby Wallabia Bicolor
    Australian Mammalogy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Clare Death, Graeme Coulson
    Abstract:

    We investigated molar progression as an index of age in the swamp wallaby (Wallabia Bicolor) by examining a small sample of known-age specimens. We demonstrate a strong relationship between age and molar index in W. Bicolor [log10(age, in days) = (MI + 4.6864)/2.2179, R2 = 0.93], which will facilitate more detailed investigation of this species.

  • dental fluorosis and skeletal fluoride content as biomarkers of excess fluoride exposure in marsupials
    Science of The Total Environment, 2015
    Co-Authors: Clare Death, Graeme Coulson, Uwe Kierdorf, Horst Kierdorf, William K Morris, Jasmin Hufschmid
    Abstract:

    Particulate and gaseous fluoride emissions contaminate vegetation near fluoride-emitting industries, potentially impacting herbivorous wildlife in neighboring areas. Dental fluorosis has been associated with consumption of fluoride-contaminated foliage by juvenile livestock and wildlife in Europe and North America. For the first time, we explored the epidemiology and comparative pathology of dental fluorosis in Australian marsupials residing near an aluminium smelter. Six species (Macropus giganteus, Macropus rufogriseus, Wallabia Bicolor, Phascolarctos cinereus, Trichosurus vulpecula, Pseudocheirus peregrinus) demonstrated significantly higher bone fluoride levels in the high (n=161 individuals), compared to the low (n=67 individuals), fluoride areas (p<0.001). Necropsy examinations of all six species from the high-fluoride area near the smelter revealed dental lesions considered characteristic of dental fluorosis in eutherian mammals. Within the high-fluoride area, 67% of individuals across the six species showed dental enamel lesions, compared to 3% in the low-fluoride areas. Molars that erupted before weaning were significantly less likely to display pathological lesions than those developing later, and molars in the posterior portion of the dental arcade were more severely fluorotic than anterior molars in all six species. The severity of dental lesions was positively associated with increasing bone fluoride levels in all species, revealing a potential biomarker of excess fluoride exposure.

  • A SOFT-WALLED DOUBLE-LAYERED TRAP FOR CAPTURE OF SWAMP WALLABIES Wallabia Bicolor
    2015
    Co-Authors: Julian Di Stefano, Richard Moyle, Graeme Coulson
    Abstract:

    SINCE the development of soft-walled traps suitable for the capture of small to medium-sized macropodids (Kinnear et al. 1988; Pollock and Montague 1991), traps of similar design have been used to capture swamp wallabies (Wallabia Bicolor) by a number of workers (Wood 2002; Ben-Ami 2005; Paplinska 2005; B Parker, pers. comm.). Although immobilising drugs delivered by syringe darts have also been used to capture W. Bicolor successfully (Troy et al. 1992), this species is difficult to dart relative to other similar sized wallabies (Wood 2002), and once darted can be hard to find within its often densely vegetated habitat (Pollock and Montague 1991). The difficulty of locating drugged animals in dense vegetation or stee

  • Camera traps provide insight into factors influencing trap success of the swamp wallaby, Wallabia Bicolor
    Australian Mammalogy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ami Bennett, Graeme Coulson
    Abstract:

    Trapping programs for mammals often have low capture success, which is known to be influenced by a range of environmental factors, in addition to aspects of the traps themselves. However, the behavioural responses to traps by the target species are largely unknown. We simultaneously set camera traps and soft-walled double-layered traps for swamp wallabies, Wallabia Bicolor, and used images from the camera traps to investigate responses by the target species. Wallabies mostly visited traps after sunset, with the number of visits declining steadily through the night. Visits to traps were more frequent during crescent and new moon phases and when the moon was set. In the majority (59%) of these visits, wallabies did not enter the traps. In some cases wallabies consumed only the bait outside the trap, or the trap door had been closed, usually by other swamp wallabies or bobucks, Trichosurus cunninghami, but in many cases (28% of visits) we could not discern why wallabies failed to enter. When wallabies did enter traps, just 14% of visits resulted in successful capture, with non-captures mainly occurring because wallabies reached in to obtain bait without triggering the trap.

Julian Di Stefano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A SOFT-WALLED DOUBLE-LAYERED TRAP FOR CAPTURE OF SWAMP WALLABIES Wallabia Bicolor
    2015
    Co-Authors: Julian Di Stefano, Richard Moyle, Graeme Coulson
    Abstract:

    SINCE the development of soft-walled traps suitable for the capture of small to medium-sized macropodids (Kinnear et al. 1988; Pollock and Montague 1991), traps of similar design have been used to capture swamp wallabies (Wallabia Bicolor) by a number of workers (Wood 2002; Ben-Ami 2005; Paplinska 2005; B Parker, pers. comm.). Although immobilising drugs delivered by syringe darts have also been used to capture W. Bicolor successfully (Troy et al. 1992), this species is difficult to dart relative to other similar sized wallabies (Wood 2002), and once darted can be hard to find within its often densely vegetated habitat (Pollock and Montague 1991). The difficulty of locating drugged animals in dense vegetation or stee

  • changes in the relative density of swamp wallabies Wallabia Bicolor and eastern grey kangaroos macropus giganteus in response to timber harvesting and wildfire
    2012
    Co-Authors: Kelly Williamson, Helen Doherty, Julian Di Stefano
    Abstract:

    Natural disturbances such as wildfire and storms act as major regulating forces in forest ecosystems (Attiwill, 1994; Lugo, 2000; Ryan, 2002), and in more recent times human disturbances such as urbanisation, land clearing and timber harvesting have also had a marked impact on forest extent and structure, and on the distribution and abundance of forest dwelling organisms (Abrams, 2003; Dale et al., 2000; Gaston et al., 2003; Thompson et al., 2003; Wilson and Friend, 1999). For many animals, disturbance events alter predation risk through changes to forest structure, and effect the distribution and abundance of food resources. Because both predation (Ferguson et al., 1988; Hughes et al., 1994) and food (Geffen et al., 1992; Tufto et al., 1996) can have a strong influence on movement patterns and habitat use, disturbance is predicted to alter the habitat choices of many species.

  • resource heterogeneity influences home range area in the swamp wallaby Wallabia Bicolor
    Ecography, 2011
    Co-Authors: Julian Di Stefano, Graeme Coulson, Andrew Greenfield, Matthew Swan
    Abstract:

    Home range area is influenced by the spatio-temporal distribution of multiple resources, but current theoretical frameworks such as the habitat productivity and resource dispersion hypotheses fail to account for this adequately. We propose a conceptual framework for quantifying the influence of multiple resources on home range area where separate resources interact to form a continuous, multi-dimensional resource surface exhibiting an emergent environmental pattern. We adopt the term resource heterogeneity to describe this pattern, and predict that home range area will be more closely correlated with resource heterogeneity than with simple additive or interactive effects of separate resources. Initially, we quantified resource heterogeneity as the geometric mean of resource abundance, and tested the performance of this index against simulated low, moderate and high heterogeneity scenarios. In all cases, the geometric mean reflected the modelled scenarios well, demonstrating its utility as a heterogeneity index. We then quantified shelter and food resources within the home ranges of swamp wallabies Wallabia Bicolor, and used these data in a generalised linear mixed modelling framework to test our prediction. Based on Akaike's information criterion (AIC c ), the best model included the main effect of sex and the heterogeneity index. Although model selection uncertainty was relatively high (largest Akaike weight =0.37), the AIC c value associated with the best model was 2.41 units less than the highest ranked model including shelter and food, indicating support for our prediction. Home range area was negatively correlated with resource heterogeneity, and males had larger home ranges than females (37.6 (28.5, 49.7) ha compared to 17.2 (13.6, 21.7) ha; mean and 95% CLs). We suggest that statistical models of home range area parameterised using an index of resource heterogeneity will often be superior to those that focus on a single resource, or fail to take the heterogeneity of multiple resources into account.

  • habitat selection by the swamp wallaby Wallabia Bicolor in relation to diel period food and shelter
    Austral Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Julian Di Stefano, Matthew Swan, Andrew Greenfield, Alan York, Graeme Coulson
    Abstract:

    Patterns of resource selection by animals may be influenced by sex, and often change over a 24-h period. We used a dry sclerophyll landscape managed for commercial timber production to investigate the effects of sex and diel period on habitat selection by the swamp wallaby (Wallabia Bicolor). We predicted that selection would be (i) affected by both sex and diel period; and (ii) positively related to lateral cover during the day, but to food resources at night. Non-metric multidimentional scaling indicated that some of the available habitats differed markedly with respect to visibility (an indicator of lateral cover), fern cover, forb cover, wallaby density and a forage quality index, providing the basis for non-random habitat selection. At the landscape scale, wallabies showed strong selection for 5-year-old regenerating sites, selected against 10-year-old regenerating sites and unharvested forest, and avoided recently harvested (3–10 months post-harvest) sites completely. At the scale of individual home ranges, a pooled male and female sample demonstrated selection for unharvested forest over recently harvested sites during both diurnal and nocturnal periods. A separate analysis showed that both sex and diel period influenced the selection of 5- and 10-year-old sites and the surrounding unharvested forest. Using a novel approach, we demonstrated that diurnal habitat selection by both sexes was negatively correlated with visibility, representing stronger selection for areas with more lateral cover. Nocturnal selection by females was positively correlated with values of a forage quality index, but this was not the case for males. We hypothesise that the observed patterns of selection were driven by the need to find food and avoid predators, but were also affected by the different reproductive strategies of males and females. Our results demonstrate the importance of incorporating factors such as sex and diel period into analyses of habitat selection.

  • diet selection by the swamp wallaby Wallabia Bicolor feeding strategies under conditions of changed food availability
    Journal of Mammalogy, 2008
    Co-Authors: Julian Di Stefano, Graeme Newell
    Abstract:

    Mammals can have either generalized (mixed) or specialized diets. We expected swamp wallabies (Wallabia Bicolor) to have mixed diets, and predicted a negative relationship between the selection of a food type and its relative availability (negative frequency dependence). We collected data on diets in a native Eucalyptus forest where the relative availability of food types (defined as 5 plant functional groups: ferns, forbs, monocots, shrubs, and trees) had been altered by timber harvesting. A comparison of diets between individuals living in 2 habitat types (unharvested forest and 5-year-old regenerating areas) showed that in both habitats forbs were the major dietary component, although moderate amounts of shrubs and monocots also were consumed. Trees and ferns were eaten less at unharvested sites, and more at 5-year-old sites. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling followed by a multiresponse permutation procedure demonstrated a substantial difference in diet composition between the habitats (multiresponse permutation procedure: A = 0.20, P < 0.001), but when analyzed using an index of diet selection, the difference was smaller (A = 0.05, P = 0.04). Three alternative analyses demonstrated negative frequency dependence in many cases, a result generally consistent with a mixed feeding strategy. With the exception of tree foliage, selection was positively correlated with the relative availability of at least 1 other food type, and largely uncorrelated with 3 forage quality variables (nitrogen, water, and dry matter digestibility). Additional data at a finer resolution and in different seasons are required to test the generality of these conclusions.

Lindy Lumsden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • interspecific and geographic variation in the diets of sympatric carnivores dingoes wild dogs and red foxes in south eastern australia
    PLOS ONE, 2015
    Co-Authors: Naomi E. Davis, David M Forsyth, Euan G Ritchie, Barbara Triggs, Charlie Pascoe, Joe Benshemesh, Alan Robley, Jenny Lawrence, Dale G Nimmo, Lindy Lumsden
    Abstract:

    Dingoes/wild dogs (Canis dingo/familiaris) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are widespread carnivores in southern Australia and are controlled to reduce predation on domestic livestock and native fauna. We used the occurrence of food items in 5875 dingo/wild dog scats and 11,569 fox scats to evaluate interspecific and geographic differences in the diets of these species within nine regions of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The nine regions encompass a wide variety of ecosystems. Diet overlap between dingoes/wild dogs and foxes varied among regions, from low to near complete overlap. The diet of foxes was broader than dingoes/wild dogs in all but three regions, with the former usually containing more insects, reptiles and plant material. By contrast, dingoes/wild dogs more regularly consumed larger mammals, supporting the hypothesis that niche partitioning occurs on the basis of mammalian prey size. The key mammalian food items for dingoes/wild dogs across all regions were black wallaby (Wallabia Bicolor), brushtail possum species (Trichosurus spp.), common wombat (Vombatus ursinus), sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), cattle (Bos taurus) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The key mammalian food items for foxes across all regions were European rabbit, sheep (Ovis aries) and house mouse (Mus musculus). Foxes consumed 6.1 times the number of individuals of threatened Critical Weight Range native mammal species than did dingoes/wild dogs. The occurrence of intraguild predation was asymmetrical; dingoes/wild dogs consumed greater biomass of the smaller fox. The substantial geographic variation in diet indicates that dingoes/wild dogs and foxes alter their diet in accordance with changing food availability. We provide checklists of taxa recorded in the diets of dingoes/wild dogs and foxes as a resource for managers and researchers wishing to understand the potential impacts of policy and management decisions on dingoes/wild dogs, foxes and the food resources they interact with.

David B. Lindenmayer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE Fine-Scale Habitat Heterogeneity Influences Occupancy in Terrestrial Mammals in a Temperate Region of Australia
    2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A. Stirnemann, Alessio Mortelliti, Philip Gibbons, David B. Lindenmayer
    Abstract:

    Vegetation heterogeneity is an inherent feature of most ecosystems, characterises the structure of habitat, and is considered an important driver of species distribution patterns. However, quantifying fine-scale heterogeneity of vegetation cover can be time consuming, and therefore it is seldom measured. Here, we determine if heterogeneity is worthwhile measuring, in addition to the amount of cover, when examining species distribution pat-terns. Further, we investigated the effect of the surrounding landscape heterogeneity on species occupancy. We tested the effect of cover and heterogeneity of trees and shrubs, and the context of the surrounding landscape (number of habitats and distance to an eco-tone) on site occupancy of three mammal species (the black wallaby [Wallabia Bicolor], the long-nosed bandicoot [Perameles nasuta], and the bush rat [Rattus fuscipes]) within a natu-rally heterogeneous landscape in a temperate region of Australia. We found that fine-scale heterogeneity of vegetation attributes is an important driver of mammal occurrence of two of these species. Further, we found that, although all three species responded positively to vegetation heterogeneity, different mammals vary in their response to different types of veg-etation heterogeneity measurement. For example, the black wallaby responded to the prox-imity of an ecotone, and the bush rat and the long-nosed bandicoot responded to fine-scale heterogeneity of small tree cover, whereas none of the mammals responded to broad scale heterogeneity (i.e., the number of habitat types). Our results highlight the influence of meth-odological decisions, such as how heterogeneity vegetation is measured, in quantifying species responses to habitat structures. The findings confirm the importance of choosing meaningful heterogeneity measures when modelling the factors influencing occupancy of the species of interest

  • Fine-Scale Habitat Heterogeneity Influences Occupancy in Terrestrial Mammals in a Temperate Region of Australia.
    PloS one, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A. Stirnemann, Alessio Mortelliti, Philip Gibbons, David B. Lindenmayer
    Abstract:

    Vegetation heterogeneity is an inherent feature of most ecosystems, characterises the structure of habitat, and is considered an important driver of species distribution patterns. However, quantifying fine-scale heterogeneity of vegetation cover can be time consuming, and therefore it is seldom measured. Here, we determine if heterogeneity is worthwhile measuring, in addition to the amount of cover, when examining species distribution patterns. Further, we investigated the effect of the surrounding landscape heterogeneity on species occupancy. We tested the effect of cover and heterogeneity of trees and shrubs, and the context of the surrounding landscape (number of habitats and distance to an ecotone) on site occupancy of three mammal species (the black wallaby [Wallabia Bicolor], the long-nosed bandicoot [Perameles nasuta], and the bush rat [Rattus fuscipes]) within a naturally heterogeneous landscape in a temperate region of Australia. We found that fine-scale heterogeneity of vegetation attributes is an important driver of mammal occurrence of two of these species. Further, we found that, although all three species responded positively to vegetation heterogeneity, different mammals vary in their response to different types of vegetation heterogeneity measurement. For example, the black wallaby responded to the proximity of an ecotone, and the bush rat and the long-nosed bandicoot responded to fine-scale heterogeneity of small tree cover, whereas none of the mammals responded to broad scale heterogeneity (i.e., the number of habitat types). Our results highlight the influence of methodological decisions, such as how heterogeneity vegetation is measured, in quantifying species responses to habitat structures. The findings confirm the importance of choosing meaningful heterogeneity measures when modelling the factors influencing occupancy of the species of interest.