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Valerie B Duffy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Associations of olfactory dysfunction with anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures: Findings from the 2013-2014 national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES).
Physiology & behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Samantha Gallo, Howard J Hoffman, Valerie B Duffy, Laura Byham-gray, John E. Hayes, Shristi RawalAbstract:We examined associations of olfactory dysfunction with anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures in a nationally representative sample of US adults. In the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 3,815 participants, 40 years and older, completed a standardized taste and smell protocol, which consisted of an 8-item odor identification test and a chemosensory questionnaire. Measured dysfunction was incorrect identification of ≥3 of 8 odors; self-reported dysfunction was affirmative response to either a recent smell problem, worse ability since age 25, or Phantosmia. Survey-weighted linear regression models tested associations of olfactory dysfunction with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum total cholesterol (TC) with fractions, triglycerides, and glucose levels. Models were adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, self-reported general health condition, smoking history, and income-to-poverty ratio, stratifying by sex and age group (middle-age 40-64 years; older ≥65 years). Relative to normal, measured olfactory dysfunction was associated with lower BMI [β=-1.6 (95% CI: -3.2, -0.01)] in older men. In middle-age women, dysfunction was associated with higher BMI and WC, whether assessed by examination [β's for BMI=3.1 (0.6, 5.5), WC=5.0 (0.3, 9.8)] or self-report [β's for BMI=2.5 (0.6, 4.3), WC=6.1 (2.2, 9.9)]. Measured dysfunction was associated with significantly higher TC [β=12.8 (7.5, 18.1)] and LDL [β=18.1 (9.1, 27.2)] among older men, but significantly lower TC [β=-15.0 (-25.0, -5.7)] and marginally lower LDL [β=-12.0 (-25.0, 1.2)] among older women. Between measured dysfunction and fasting glucose, the association was inverse [β=-7.9 (-13.0, -2.6)] among middle-age men, but positive [β=15.6 (1.5, 29.7)] among older women. No significant associations were observed with blood pressure levels. In conclusion, among US adults ≥40 years, olfactory dysfunction is associated with anthropometric and glucose and lipid levels, with associations varying by sex and age group.
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New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Howard J Hoffman, Shristi Rawal, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:The U.S. NHANES included chemosensory assessments in the 2011–2014 protocol. We provide an overview of this protocol and 2012 olfactory exam findings. Of the 1818 NHANES participants aged ≥40 years, 1281 (70.5 %) completed the exam; non-participation mostly was due to time constraints. Health technicians administered an 8-item, forced-choice, odor identification task scored as normosmic (6–8 odors identified correctly) versus olfactory dysfunction, including hyposmic (4–5 correct) and anosmic/severe hyposmic (0–3 correct). Interviewers recorded self-reported smell alterations (during past year, since age 25, Phantosmia), histories of sinonasal problems, xerostomia, dental extractions, head or facial trauma, and chemosensory-related treatment and changes in quality of life. Olfactory dysfunction was found in 12.4 % (13.3 million adults; 55 % males/45 % females) including 3.2 % anosmic/severe hyposmic (3.4 million; 74 % males/26 % females). Selected age-specific prevalences were 4.2 % (40–49 years), 12.7 % (60–69 years), and 39.4 % (80+ years). Among adults ≥70 years, misidentification rates for warning odors were 20.3 % for smoke and 31.3 % for natural gas. The highest sensitivity (correctly identifying dysfunction) and specificity (correctly identifying normosmia) of self-reported olfactory alteration was among anosmics/severe hyposmics (54.4 % and 78.1 %, respectively). In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, risk factors of olfactory dysfunction were racial/ethnic minority, income-to-poverty ratio ≤ 1.1, education
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prevalence and risk factors of self reported smell and taste alterations results from the 2011 2012 us national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes
Chemical Senses, 2016Co-Authors: Shristi Rawal, Howard J Hoffman, Kathleen E Bainbridge, Tania B Huedomedina, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:Chemosensory problems challenge health through diminished ability to detect warning odors, consume a healthy diet, and maintain quality of life. We examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported chemosensory alterations in 3603 community-dwelling adults (aged 40+ years), from the nationally representative, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. In this new NHANES component, technicians surveyed adults in the home about perceived smell and taste problems, distortions, and diminished abilities since age 25 (termed "alterations"), and chemosensory-related health risks and behaviors. The prevalence of self-reported smell alteration was 23%, including Phantosmia at 6%; taste was 19%, including dysgeusia at 5%. Prevalence rates increased progressively with age, highest in those aged 80+ years (smell, 32%; taste, 27%). In multivariable logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and chemosensory-related conditions, the strongest independent risk factor for smell alteration was sinonasal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.61), followed by heavy drinking, loss of consciousness from head injury, family income ≤110% poverty threshold, and xerostomia. For taste, the strongest risk factor was xerostomia (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.97-3.56), followed by nose/facial injury, lower educational attainment, and fair/poor health. Self-reported chemosensory alterations are prevalent in US adults, supporting increased attention to decreasing their modifiable risks, managing safety/health consequences, and expanding chemosensory screening/testing and treatments.
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Self-Reported Smell and Taste Alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Chemical senses, 2015Co-Authors: Shristi Rawal, Howard J Hoffman, Kathleen E Bainbridge, Tania B. Huedo-medina, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:Chemosensory problems challenge health through diminished ability to detect warning odors, consume a healthy diet, and maintain quality of life. We examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported chemosensory alterations in 3603 community-dwelling adults (aged 40+ years), from the nationally representative, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. In this new NHANES component, technicians surveyed adults in the home about perceived smell and taste problems, distortions, and diminished abilities since age 25 (termed "alterations"), and chemosensory-related health risks and behaviors. The prevalence of self-reported smell alteration was 23%, including Phantosmia at 6%; taste was 19%, including dysgeusia at 5%. Prevalence rates increased progressively with age, highest in those aged 80+ years (smell, 32%; taste, 27%). In multivariable logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and chemosensory-related conditions, the strongest independent risk factor for smell alteration was sinonasal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.61), followed by heavy drinking, loss of consciousness from head injury, family income ≤110% poverty threshold, and xerostomia. For taste, the strongest risk factor was xerostomia (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.97-3.56), followed by nose/facial injury, lower educational attainment, and fair/poor health. Self-reported chemosensory alterations are prevalent in US adults, supporting increased attention to decreasing their modifiable risks, managing safety/health consequences, and expanding chemosensory screening/testing and treatments.
Shristi Rawal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Associations of olfactory dysfunction with anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures: Findings from the 2013-2014 national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES).
Physiology & behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Samantha Gallo, Howard J Hoffman, Valerie B Duffy, Laura Byham-gray, John E. Hayes, Shristi RawalAbstract:We examined associations of olfactory dysfunction with anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures in a nationally representative sample of US adults. In the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 3,815 participants, 40 years and older, completed a standardized taste and smell protocol, which consisted of an 8-item odor identification test and a chemosensory questionnaire. Measured dysfunction was incorrect identification of ≥3 of 8 odors; self-reported dysfunction was affirmative response to either a recent smell problem, worse ability since age 25, or Phantosmia. Survey-weighted linear regression models tested associations of olfactory dysfunction with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum total cholesterol (TC) with fractions, triglycerides, and glucose levels. Models were adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, self-reported general health condition, smoking history, and income-to-poverty ratio, stratifying by sex and age group (middle-age 40-64 years; older ≥65 years). Relative to normal, measured olfactory dysfunction was associated with lower BMI [β=-1.6 (95% CI: -3.2, -0.01)] in older men. In middle-age women, dysfunction was associated with higher BMI and WC, whether assessed by examination [β's for BMI=3.1 (0.6, 5.5), WC=5.0 (0.3, 9.8)] or self-report [β's for BMI=2.5 (0.6, 4.3), WC=6.1 (2.2, 9.9)]. Measured dysfunction was associated with significantly higher TC [β=12.8 (7.5, 18.1)] and LDL [β=18.1 (9.1, 27.2)] among older men, but significantly lower TC [β=-15.0 (-25.0, -5.7)] and marginally lower LDL [β=-12.0 (-25.0, 1.2)] among older women. Between measured dysfunction and fasting glucose, the association was inverse [β=-7.9 (-13.0, -2.6)] among middle-age men, but positive [β=15.6 (1.5, 29.7)] among older women. No significant associations were observed with blood pressure levels. In conclusion, among US adults ≥40 years, olfactory dysfunction is associated with anthropometric and glucose and lipid levels, with associations varying by sex and age group.
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New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Howard J Hoffman, Shristi Rawal, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:The U.S. NHANES included chemosensory assessments in the 2011–2014 protocol. We provide an overview of this protocol and 2012 olfactory exam findings. Of the 1818 NHANES participants aged ≥40 years, 1281 (70.5 %) completed the exam; non-participation mostly was due to time constraints. Health technicians administered an 8-item, forced-choice, odor identification task scored as normosmic (6–8 odors identified correctly) versus olfactory dysfunction, including hyposmic (4–5 correct) and anosmic/severe hyposmic (0–3 correct). Interviewers recorded self-reported smell alterations (during past year, since age 25, Phantosmia), histories of sinonasal problems, xerostomia, dental extractions, head or facial trauma, and chemosensory-related treatment and changes in quality of life. Olfactory dysfunction was found in 12.4 % (13.3 million adults; 55 % males/45 % females) including 3.2 % anosmic/severe hyposmic (3.4 million; 74 % males/26 % females). Selected age-specific prevalences were 4.2 % (40–49 years), 12.7 % (60–69 years), and 39.4 % (80+ years). Among adults ≥70 years, misidentification rates for warning odors were 20.3 % for smoke and 31.3 % for natural gas. The highest sensitivity (correctly identifying dysfunction) and specificity (correctly identifying normosmia) of self-reported olfactory alteration was among anosmics/severe hyposmics (54.4 % and 78.1 %, respectively). In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, risk factors of olfactory dysfunction were racial/ethnic minority, income-to-poverty ratio ≤ 1.1, education
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prevalence and risk factors of self reported smell and taste alterations results from the 2011 2012 us national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes
Chemical Senses, 2016Co-Authors: Shristi Rawal, Howard J Hoffman, Kathleen E Bainbridge, Tania B Huedomedina, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:Chemosensory problems challenge health through diminished ability to detect warning odors, consume a healthy diet, and maintain quality of life. We examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported chemosensory alterations in 3603 community-dwelling adults (aged 40+ years), from the nationally representative, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. In this new NHANES component, technicians surveyed adults in the home about perceived smell and taste problems, distortions, and diminished abilities since age 25 (termed "alterations"), and chemosensory-related health risks and behaviors. The prevalence of self-reported smell alteration was 23%, including Phantosmia at 6%; taste was 19%, including dysgeusia at 5%. Prevalence rates increased progressively with age, highest in those aged 80+ years (smell, 32%; taste, 27%). In multivariable logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and chemosensory-related conditions, the strongest independent risk factor for smell alteration was sinonasal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.61), followed by heavy drinking, loss of consciousness from head injury, family income ≤110% poverty threshold, and xerostomia. For taste, the strongest risk factor was xerostomia (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.97-3.56), followed by nose/facial injury, lower educational attainment, and fair/poor health. Self-reported chemosensory alterations are prevalent in US adults, supporting increased attention to decreasing their modifiable risks, managing safety/health consequences, and expanding chemosensory screening/testing and treatments.
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Self-Reported Smell and Taste Alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Chemical senses, 2015Co-Authors: Shristi Rawal, Howard J Hoffman, Kathleen E Bainbridge, Tania B. Huedo-medina, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:Chemosensory problems challenge health through diminished ability to detect warning odors, consume a healthy diet, and maintain quality of life. We examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported chemosensory alterations in 3603 community-dwelling adults (aged 40+ years), from the nationally representative, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. In this new NHANES component, technicians surveyed adults in the home about perceived smell and taste problems, distortions, and diminished abilities since age 25 (termed "alterations"), and chemosensory-related health risks and behaviors. The prevalence of self-reported smell alteration was 23%, including Phantosmia at 6%; taste was 19%, including dysgeusia at 5%. Prevalence rates increased progressively with age, highest in those aged 80+ years (smell, 32%; taste, 27%). In multivariable logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and chemosensory-related conditions, the strongest independent risk factor for smell alteration was sinonasal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.61), followed by heavy drinking, loss of consciousness from head injury, family income ≤110% poverty threshold, and xerostomia. For taste, the strongest risk factor was xerostomia (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.97-3.56), followed by nose/facial injury, lower educational attainment, and fair/poor health. Self-reported chemosensory alterations are prevalent in US adults, supporting increased attention to decreasing their modifiable risks, managing safety/health consequences, and expanding chemosensory screening/testing and treatments.
Kenji Kondo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Loss of Smell and Taste in Patients with Suspected COVID-19: What We can Learn from Patients' Reports on Social Media.
Journal of medical Internet research, 2021Co-Authors: Sachiko Koyama, Rumi Ueha, Kenji KondoAbstract:The year 2020 has now become the year of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severity of the situation has become so extraordinary that many or even most of the patients with mild to moderate symptoms had to self-isolate without specific medical treatments or even without being tested for COVID-19. Many patients joined internet membership groups to exchange information and also to support each other. Our goal is to determine the benefits and limits of utilizing social media to understand the symptoms of suspected COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms, and especially their symptoms of anosmia (loss of the sense of smell) and ageusia (loss of the sense of taste). The voluntary reports on an internet website of a membership group will be the platform of the analyses. Posts and comments of the members of a membership group known as COVID-19 Smell and Taste Loss, founded on March 24th, 2020 to support patients with suspected COVID-19, were collected and analyzed daily. Demographic data were collected using the software mechanism called Group Insights on the membership group website. Benefits: Membership groups on social media have become rare sources of support for suspected COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms. These groups provided mental support to their members, and also became resources for information on COVID-19 tests and medicines/supplements. Limits: The membership is voluntary and often the members leave without notification. It is hard to be precise from the free voluntary reports. Demographics: The number of women in the group (71.03 %, n=1893) was about three times more than men (28.97 %, n=772) and the peak age of members was between 20 to 40 in both men and women. Symptoms: Patients asymptomatic other than the senses comprised 14.93% (n=53). Recovery of the senses was higher in the patients who were asymptomatic besides having anosmia and ageusia. Most (91.06%) patients experienced other symptoms first and then lost their senses, on average 4.2 days later. Patients without other symptoms tended to recover earlier (P=0.017). Patients with anosmia and ageusia occasionally reported distorted smell and taste (parosmia and dysgeusia) as well as experiencing or perceiving the smell and taste without the sources of the smell or taste (Phantosmia and phantogeusia). Our analysis of the social media database of suspected COVID-19 patients' voices demonstrated that, although accurate diagnosis of patients is not always obtained with social media-based analyses, it may be a useful tool to collect a large amount of data on symptoms and the clinical course of worldwide, rapidly growing, infectious diseases.
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Loss of Smell and Taste in Patients with Suspected COVID-19: What We can Learn from Patients’ Reports on Social Media. (Preprint)
2020Co-Authors: Sachiko Koyama, Rumi Ueha, Kenji KondoAbstract:BACKGROUND The year 2020 has now become the year of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severity of the situation has become so extraordinary that many or even most of the patients with mild to moderate symptoms had to self-isolate without specific medical treatments or even without being tested for COVID-19. Many patients joined internet membership groups to exchange information and also to support each other. OBJECTIVE Our goal is to determine the benefits and limits of utilizing social media to understand the symptoms of suspected COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms, and especially their symptoms of anosmia (loss of the sense of smell) and ageusia (loss of the sense of taste). The voluntary reports on an internet website of a membership group will be the platform of the analyses. METHODS Posts and comments of the members of a membership group known as COVID-19 Smell and Taste Loss, founded on March 24th to support patients with suspected COVID-19, were collected and analyzed daily. Demographic data were collected using the software mechanism called Group Insights on the membership group website. RESULTS Benefits: Membership groups on social media have become rare sources of support for suspected COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms. These groups provided mental support to their members, and also became resources for information on COVID-19 tests and medicines/supplements. Limits: The membership is voluntary and often the members leave without notification. It is hard to be precise from the free voluntary reports. Demographics: The number of women in the group (71.03 %, n=1893) was about three times more than men (28.97 %, n=772) and the peak age of members was between 20 to 40 in both men and women. Symptoms: Patients asymptomatic other than the senses comprised 14.93% (n=53). Recovery of the senses was higher in the patients who were asymptomatic besides having anosmia and ageusia. Most (91.06%) patients experienced other symptoms first and then lost their senses, on average 4.2 days later. Patients without other symptoms tended to recover earlier (P=0.017). Patients with anosmia and ageusia occasionally reported distorted smell and taste (parosmia and dysgeusia) as well as experiencing or perceiving the smell and taste without the sources of the smell or taste (Phantosmia and phantogeusia). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of the social media database of suspected COVID-19 patients’ voices demonstrated that, although accurate diagnosis of patients is not always obtained with social media-based analyses, it may be a useful tool to collect a large amount of data on symptoms and the clinical course of worldwide, rapidly growing, infectious diseases.
Thomas Hummel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parosmia is Associated with Relevant Olfactory Recovery After Olfactory Training.
The Laryngoscope, 2020Co-Authors: David T. Liu, Carl Philpott, Maha Sabha, Michael Damm, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Antje Hähner, Thomas HummelAbstract:OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS This study aims to determine the association between parosmia and clinically relevant recovery of olfactory function in patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) receiving olfactory training. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with PIOD that received olfactory training. Adult patients with the major complaint of quantitative smell loss were recruited and treated at several ENT clinics in German between 2008 and 2018. The outcome was based on the association between smell-loss related factors (including parosmia and Phantosmia) and clinically relevant changes in overall and subdimension olfactory function of threshold, discrimination, and identification using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 153 participants with PIOD were included. Clinically relevant improvements in overall olfactory function were more likely in those that had lower baseline olfactory function. Relevant improvements in discrimination function were more likely in those that had lower baseline olfactory function and those that had parosmia at the initial visit. Similarly, relevant improvements in odor identification were more likely in those that had a lower baseline olfactory function and in those who had parosmia at the first visit. Clinically significant improvements in odor threshold were more likely in those who were older in age. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the presence of parosmia is associated with clinically relevant recovery in olfactory discrimination and identification function in patients with PIOD receiving olfactory training. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:618-623, 2021.
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Parosmia is associated with relevant olfactory recovery after olfactory training
2020Co-Authors: David T. Liu, Antje Haehner, Carl Philpott, Maha Sabha, Michael Damm, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Thomas HummelAbstract:Objectives This study aims to determine the association between parosmia and clinically relevant recovery in olfactory function in patients with smell loss receiving olfactory training. Design and setting This was a retrospective cohort study of patients that received olfactory training. Adult patients with the major complaint of quantitative smell loss were recruited and treated at several ENT clinics in German between 2008 and 2018. Participants A total of 243 participants were included. Main outcome measures Changes in olfactory function after olfactory training. Age, gender, baseline olfactory function, etiology and duration of smell loss, duration of training, and presence of parosmia and Phantosmia were assessed for their impact on clinically relevant changes in overall and subdimension olfactory function using binary logistic regression analysis. Results Relevant improvements in discrimination function were more likely in those that had lower baseline olfactory function, postinfectious reasons compared to posttraumatic or idiopathic causes and those that had parosmia at initial visit. Relevant improvements in odour identification were more likely in those that had a lower baseline olfactory function, female gender, and in those who had parosmia at the first visit. Clinically significant improvements in odour threshold were more likely in postinfectious causes compared to posttraumatic reasons and those who were older in age. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the presence of parosmia is associated with clinically relevant recovery in olfactory function in patients with smell loss receiving olfactory training.
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Brain lesion-pattern analysis in patients with olfactory dysfunctions following head trauma
NeuroImage. Clinical, 2016Co-Authors: Jörn Lötsch, Alfred Ultsch, Maren Eckhardt, Caroline Huart, Philippe Rombaux, Thomas HummelAbstract:The presence of cerebral lesions in patients with neurosensory alterations provides a unique window into brain function. Using a fuzzy logic based combination of morphological information about 27 olfactory-eloquent brain regions acquired with four different brain imaging techniques, patterns of brain damage were analyzed in 127 patients who displayed anosmia, i.e., complete loss of the sense of smell (n = 81), or other and mechanistically still incompletely understood olfactory dysfunctions including parosmia, i.e., distorted perceptions of olfactory stimuli (n = 50), or Phantosmia, i.e., olfactory hallucinations (n = 22). A higher prevalence of parosmia, and as a tendency also Phantosmia, was observed in subjects with medium overall brain damage. Further analysis showed a lower frequency of lesions in the right temporal lobe in patients with parosmia than in patients without parosmia. This negative direction of the differences was unique for parosmia. In anosmia, and also in Phantosmia, lesions were more frequent in patients displaying the respective symptoms than in those without these dysfunctions. In anosmic patients, lesions in the right olfactory bulb region were much more frequent than in patients with preserved sense of smell, whereas a higher frequency of carriers of lesions in the left frontal lobe was observed for Phantosmia. We conclude that anosmia, and Phantosmia, are the result of lost function in relevant brain areas whereas parosmia is more complex, requiring damaged and intact brain regions at the same time.
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Evaluating the clinical usefulness of structured questions in parosmia assessment
The Laryngoscope, 2010Co-Authors: Basile Nicolas Landis, Johannes Frasnelli, Ilona Croy, Thomas HummelAbstract:Objectives/Hypothesis: Parosmia and Phantosmia relate to distorted odor perceptions. Little is known about their clinical significance. Measuring Phantosmia and parosmia is still not possible. Today, assessment of parosmia or Phantosmia relies mainly upon the patient's interview and the physician's experience. Therefore, we investigated the clinical usefulness of four structured questions in comparison to the patient's history regarding their accuracy in terms of the presence of odor distortions. Study Design: Tertiary care center outpatient clinic analyses. Methods: Responses from 193 patients were analyzed. All patients underwent full olfactory work-up (ear, nose, and throat examination, Sniffin' Sticks testing, structural brain imaging) and filled in a questionnaire with four parosmia questions and six questions regarding characteristics and severity of the parosmia. These responses formed the bases of a numerical parosmia score. Results: Patients with parosmia showed significantly lower parosmia scores (P
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Prognostic Factors of Olfactory Dysfunction
Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Hummel, Jörn LötschAbstract:Objective To determine appropriate counseling of patients with olfactory dysfunction. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Interdisciplinary Center for Smell and Taste, University of Dresden Medical School, Technical University of Dresden. Patients A total of 361 males and 533 females, aged 11 to 84 years, who twice reported to the Interdisciplinary Center for Smell and Taste. Main Outcome Measures Residual olfactory performance, duration of olfactory loss until first assessment, presence or absence of parosmia or Phantosmia, origin of olfactory loss, interval between assessments, age, sex, and smoking habits. Results Although 431 patients (48.2%) had functional anosmia at the first olfactory assessment, 444 (49.7%) had hyposmia, and 19 (2.1%) had normosmia; at the second assessment, 278 (31.1%) had functional anosmia, 496 (55.5%) had hyposmia, and 120 (13.4%) had normal olfactory function ( P Conclusion The prognosis of olfactory dysfunction mainly depends on residual function, sex, parosmia, smoking habits, and age, whereas in this statistical model, origin plays only a second-line role, reflected in different degrees of initial olfactory loss.
Howard J Hoffman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Associations of olfactory dysfunction with anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures: Findings from the 2013-2014 national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES).
Physiology & behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Samantha Gallo, Howard J Hoffman, Valerie B Duffy, Laura Byham-gray, John E. Hayes, Shristi RawalAbstract:We examined associations of olfactory dysfunction with anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures in a nationally representative sample of US adults. In the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 3,815 participants, 40 years and older, completed a standardized taste and smell protocol, which consisted of an 8-item odor identification test and a chemosensory questionnaire. Measured dysfunction was incorrect identification of ≥3 of 8 odors; self-reported dysfunction was affirmative response to either a recent smell problem, worse ability since age 25, or Phantosmia. Survey-weighted linear regression models tested associations of olfactory dysfunction with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum total cholesterol (TC) with fractions, triglycerides, and glucose levels. Models were adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, self-reported general health condition, smoking history, and income-to-poverty ratio, stratifying by sex and age group (middle-age 40-64 years; older ≥65 years). Relative to normal, measured olfactory dysfunction was associated with lower BMI [β=-1.6 (95% CI: -3.2, -0.01)] in older men. In middle-age women, dysfunction was associated with higher BMI and WC, whether assessed by examination [β's for BMI=3.1 (0.6, 5.5), WC=5.0 (0.3, 9.8)] or self-report [β's for BMI=2.5 (0.6, 4.3), WC=6.1 (2.2, 9.9)]. Measured dysfunction was associated with significantly higher TC [β=12.8 (7.5, 18.1)] and LDL [β=18.1 (9.1, 27.2)] among older men, but significantly lower TC [β=-15.0 (-25.0, -5.7)] and marginally lower LDL [β=-12.0 (-25.0, 1.2)] among older women. Between measured dysfunction and fasting glucose, the association was inverse [β=-7.9 (-13.0, -2.6)] among middle-age men, but positive [β=15.6 (1.5, 29.7)] among older women. No significant associations were observed with blood pressure levels. In conclusion, among US adults ≥40 years, olfactory dysfunction is associated with anthropometric and glucose and lipid levels, with associations varying by sex and age group.
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New chemosensory component in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Howard J Hoffman, Shristi Rawal, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:The U.S. NHANES included chemosensory assessments in the 2011–2014 protocol. We provide an overview of this protocol and 2012 olfactory exam findings. Of the 1818 NHANES participants aged ≥40 years, 1281 (70.5 %) completed the exam; non-participation mostly was due to time constraints. Health technicians administered an 8-item, forced-choice, odor identification task scored as normosmic (6–8 odors identified correctly) versus olfactory dysfunction, including hyposmic (4–5 correct) and anosmic/severe hyposmic (0–3 correct). Interviewers recorded self-reported smell alterations (during past year, since age 25, Phantosmia), histories of sinonasal problems, xerostomia, dental extractions, head or facial trauma, and chemosensory-related treatment and changes in quality of life. Olfactory dysfunction was found in 12.4 % (13.3 million adults; 55 % males/45 % females) including 3.2 % anosmic/severe hyposmic (3.4 million; 74 % males/26 % females). Selected age-specific prevalences were 4.2 % (40–49 years), 12.7 % (60–69 years), and 39.4 % (80+ years). Among adults ≥70 years, misidentification rates for warning odors were 20.3 % for smoke and 31.3 % for natural gas. The highest sensitivity (correctly identifying dysfunction) and specificity (correctly identifying normosmia) of self-reported olfactory alteration was among anosmics/severe hyposmics (54.4 % and 78.1 %, respectively). In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, risk factors of olfactory dysfunction were racial/ethnic minority, income-to-poverty ratio ≤ 1.1, education
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prevalence and risk factors of self reported smell and taste alterations results from the 2011 2012 us national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes
Chemical Senses, 2016Co-Authors: Shristi Rawal, Howard J Hoffman, Kathleen E Bainbridge, Tania B Huedomedina, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:Chemosensory problems challenge health through diminished ability to detect warning odors, consume a healthy diet, and maintain quality of life. We examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported chemosensory alterations in 3603 community-dwelling adults (aged 40+ years), from the nationally representative, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. In this new NHANES component, technicians surveyed adults in the home about perceived smell and taste problems, distortions, and diminished abilities since age 25 (termed "alterations"), and chemosensory-related health risks and behaviors. The prevalence of self-reported smell alteration was 23%, including Phantosmia at 6%; taste was 19%, including dysgeusia at 5%. Prevalence rates increased progressively with age, highest in those aged 80+ years (smell, 32%; taste, 27%). In multivariable logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and chemosensory-related conditions, the strongest independent risk factor for smell alteration was sinonasal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.61), followed by heavy drinking, loss of consciousness from head injury, family income ≤110% poverty threshold, and xerostomia. For taste, the strongest risk factor was xerostomia (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.97-3.56), followed by nose/facial injury, lower educational attainment, and fair/poor health. Self-reported chemosensory alterations are prevalent in US adults, supporting increased attention to decreasing their modifiable risks, managing safety/health consequences, and expanding chemosensory screening/testing and treatments.
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Self-Reported Smell and Taste Alterations: Results from the 2011–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Chemical senses, 2015Co-Authors: Shristi Rawal, Howard J Hoffman, Kathleen E Bainbridge, Tania B. Huedo-medina, Valerie B DuffyAbstract:Chemosensory problems challenge health through diminished ability to detect warning odors, consume a healthy diet, and maintain quality of life. We examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported chemosensory alterations in 3603 community-dwelling adults (aged 40+ years), from the nationally representative, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. In this new NHANES component, technicians surveyed adults in the home about perceived smell and taste problems, distortions, and diminished abilities since age 25 (termed "alterations"), and chemosensory-related health risks and behaviors. The prevalence of self-reported smell alteration was 23%, including Phantosmia at 6%; taste was 19%, including dysgeusia at 5%. Prevalence rates increased progressively with age, highest in those aged 80+ years (smell, 32%; taste, 27%). In multivariable logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and chemosensory-related conditions, the strongest independent risk factor for smell alteration was sinonasal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.61), followed by heavy drinking, loss of consciousness from head injury, family income ≤110% poverty threshold, and xerostomia. For taste, the strongest risk factor was xerostomia (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.97-3.56), followed by nose/facial injury, lower educational attainment, and fair/poor health. Self-reported chemosensory alterations are prevalent in US adults, supporting increased attention to decreasing their modifiable risks, managing safety/health consequences, and expanding chemosensory screening/testing and treatments.