The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jesús Ruiz-cabello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Magnetic Resonance Methods and Applications in Pharmaceutical Research
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Ignacio R. Rodriguez, S. Pérez-rial, J. González-jimenez, J.m. Pérez-sánchez, Fernando Herranz, N. Beckmann, Jesús Ruiz-cabelloAbstract:This review presents an overview of some recent magnetic resonance (MR) techniques for Pharmaceutical Research. MR is noninvasive, and does not expose subjects to ionizing radiation. Some methods that have been used in Pharmaceutical Research MR include magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, among them, diffusion-weighted MRI, perfusion-weighted MRI, functional MRI, molecular imaging and contrast-enhance MRI. Some applications of MR in Pharmaceutical Research include MR in metabonomics, in vivo MRS, studies in cerebral ischemia and infarction, degenerative joint diseases, oncology, cardiovascular disorders, respiratory diseases and skin diseases. Some of these techniques, such as cardiac and joint imaging, or brain fMRI are standard, and are providing relevant data routinely. Skin MR and hyperpolarized gas lung MRI are still experimental. In conclusion, considering the importance of finding and characterizing biomarkers for improved drug evaluation, it can be expected that the use of MR techniques in Pharmaceutical Research is going to increase in the near future.
Carsten Burhop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pharmaceutical Research in wilhelmine germany the case of e merck
Business History Review, 2009Co-Authors: Carsten BurhopAbstract:This paper offers a detailed case study of the emergence, organization, and development of Research and development at E. Merck. During the 1890s, revolutionary changes in the scientific knowledge base, especially the rise of bacteriological Research and the entry of dyestuff producers into the Pharmaceuticals market, combined with the financial distress Merck was undergoing to force the firm to reorganize Pharmaceutical Research as a corporate strategy. Consequently, between 1895 and 1898, Merck restructured its in-house Research, forming closer ties with universities and other outside inven- tors. Merck depended on these sources to generate new products, while relying on in-house scientists to improve productive efficiency. A spate of new products was launched between the late 1890s and 1905, but, in the following years, resource constraints restricted Merck's innovative capacity.
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Pharmaceutical Research in Wilhelmine Germany: The case of E. Merck
2008Co-Authors: Carsten BurhopAbstract:In this paper, we describe the emergence and evolution of Pharmaceutical Research at the German company E. Merck during the late 19th and early 20th century. Revolutionary changes in the scientific knowledge base, especially the rise of bacteriological Research, and the market entry of dyestuff producers into Pharmaceuticals made the re-organisation of Pharmaceutical Research during the 1890s a necessary corporate strategy. Consequently, Merck restructured its in-house Research between 1895 and 1898. Moreover, the firm deepened its co-operation with universities and other outside inventors. Jointly and severally, the firm depended on outside inventors for the generation of new products, whereas in-house scientists improved the productive efficiency. Moreover, we show that a significant number of new products were launched between the late 1890s and 1905. During the following years, however, resource constraints restricted Merck’s innovative capacity.
Jeremy K Nicholson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabonomics Techniques and Applications to Pharmaceutical Research & Development
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006Co-Authors: John C Lindon, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K NicholsonAbstract:In this review, the background to the approach known as metabonomics is provided, giving a brief historical perspective and summarizing the analytical and statistical techniques used. Some of the major applications of metabonomics relevant to Pharmaceutical Research & Development are then reviewed including the study of various influences on metabolism, such as diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. The applications of metabonomics in drug safety studies are explained with special reference to the aims and achievements of the Consortium for Metabonomic Toxicology. Next, the role that metabonomics might have in disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring is provided with some examples, and the concept of pharmacometabonomics as a way of predicting an individual's response to treatment is highlighted. Some discussion is given on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities of, and threats to metabonomics.
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metabonomics techniques and applications to Pharmaceutical Research development
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006Co-Authors: John C Lindon, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K NicholsonAbstract:In this review, the background to the approach known as metabonomics is provided, giving a brief historical perspective and summarizing the analytical and statistical techniques used. Some of the major applications of metabonomics relevant to Pharmaceutical Research & Development are then reviewed including the study of various influences on metabolism, such as diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. The applications of metabonomics in drug safety studies are explained with special reference to the aims and achievements of the Consortium for Metabonomic Toxicology. Next, the role that metabonomics might have in disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring is provided with some examples, and the concept of pharmacometabonomics as a way of predicting an individual's response to treatment is highlighted. Some discussion is given on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities of, and threats to metabonomics.
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Metabonomics: systems biology in Pharmaceutical Research and development.
Current opinion in molecular therapeutics, 2004Co-Authors: John C Lindon, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K NicholsonAbstract:Abstract Metabonomics uses a combination of data-rich analytical chemical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry together with chemometrics for profiling metabolism and interpreting metabolic fingerprints in complex biological systems. The methods have been applied in many areas of relevance to Pharmaceutical Research and development, including drug safety assessment, characterization of genetically modified animal models of disease, diagnosis of human disease, understanding physiological variation and drug therapy monitoring. As well as providing a novel means of sample classification and effect evaluation, the approach can lead to identification of combinations of biomarkers for those effects. These attributes mean that metabonomics will be integral in the drive towards personalized healthcare.
Ignacio R. Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Magnetic Resonance Methods and Applications in Pharmaceutical Research
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Ignacio R. Rodriguez, S. Pérez-rial, J. González-jimenez, J.m. Pérez-sánchez, Fernando Herranz, N. Beckmann, Jesús Ruiz-cabelloAbstract:This review presents an overview of some recent magnetic resonance (MR) techniques for Pharmaceutical Research. MR is noninvasive, and does not expose subjects to ionizing radiation. Some methods that have been used in Pharmaceutical Research MR include magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, among them, diffusion-weighted MRI, perfusion-weighted MRI, functional MRI, molecular imaging and contrast-enhance MRI. Some applications of MR in Pharmaceutical Research include MR in metabonomics, in vivo MRS, studies in cerebral ischemia and infarction, degenerative joint diseases, oncology, cardiovascular disorders, respiratory diseases and skin diseases. Some of these techniques, such as cardiac and joint imaging, or brain fMRI are standard, and are providing relevant data routinely. Skin MR and hyperpolarized gas lung MRI are still experimental. In conclusion, considering the importance of finding and characterizing biomarkers for improved drug evaluation, it can be expected that the use of MR techniques in Pharmaceutical Research is going to increase in the near future.
John C Lindon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabonomics Techniques and Applications to Pharmaceutical Research & Development
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006Co-Authors: John C Lindon, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K NicholsonAbstract:In this review, the background to the approach known as metabonomics is provided, giving a brief historical perspective and summarizing the analytical and statistical techniques used. Some of the major applications of metabonomics relevant to Pharmaceutical Research & Development are then reviewed including the study of various influences on metabolism, such as diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. The applications of metabonomics in drug safety studies are explained with special reference to the aims and achievements of the Consortium for Metabonomic Toxicology. Next, the role that metabonomics might have in disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring is provided with some examples, and the concept of pharmacometabonomics as a way of predicting an individual's response to treatment is highlighted. Some discussion is given on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities of, and threats to metabonomics.
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metabonomics techniques and applications to Pharmaceutical Research development
Pharmaceutical Research, 2006Co-Authors: John C Lindon, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K NicholsonAbstract:In this review, the background to the approach known as metabonomics is provided, giving a brief historical perspective and summarizing the analytical and statistical techniques used. Some of the major applications of metabonomics relevant to Pharmaceutical Research & Development are then reviewed including the study of various influences on metabolism, such as diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. The applications of metabonomics in drug safety studies are explained with special reference to the aims and achievements of the Consortium for Metabonomic Toxicology. Next, the role that metabonomics might have in disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring is provided with some examples, and the concept of pharmacometabonomics as a way of predicting an individual's response to treatment is highlighted. Some discussion is given on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities of, and threats to metabonomics.
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Metabonomics: systems biology in Pharmaceutical Research and development.
Current opinion in molecular therapeutics, 2004Co-Authors: John C Lindon, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K NicholsonAbstract:Abstract Metabonomics uses a combination of data-rich analytical chemical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry together with chemometrics for profiling metabolism and interpreting metabolic fingerprints in complex biological systems. The methods have been applied in many areas of relevance to Pharmaceutical Research and development, including drug safety assessment, characterization of genetically modified animal models of disease, diagnosis of human disease, understanding physiological variation and drug therapy monitoring. As well as providing a novel means of sample classification and effect evaluation, the approach can lead to identification of combinations of biomarkers for those effects. These attributes mean that metabonomics will be integral in the drive towards personalized healthcare.
