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Peak Matthew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sp8 introducing a ward based Pharmacy Technician to support the administration of paediatric medicines an evaluation of parent and staff perspectives
    Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2018
    Co-Authors: Barker Catrin, Bartlett Donna, Brown Pauline, Bracken Louise, Bellis Jenny, Kaehne Axel, Silverio Sergio, Cope Louise, Peak Matthew
    Abstract:

    Aim To determine the impact of replacing a nurse with a ward-based Pharmacy Technician as the second checker, in the process of administering medicines to children in hospital by exploring the views and experiences of parents and staff involved in the change in practice. Method Having undertaken additional in-house training, a Pharmacy Technician replaced the second nurse on medication ward rounds (second checker) for 10 months over two wards. This took place on a neuro-medical ward and a medical specialty ward. The Pharmacy Technician undertook roles relating to medicines administration, including: attending day time medicine administration rounds; checking accuracy and appropriateness of prescriptions; preparing/administering prescribed medicines; independently undertaking dosage calculations; recording the administration of medicines. Using their specialist knowledge and skills, the role aimed to improve medicines optimisation for patients and their families during their inpatient stay. Research staff conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with parents of patients who were administered medicines during the study period (n=12) and with staff involved with the change in practice, as well as an interview with the Pharmacy Technician themselves after leaving each ward. Families were recruited from the two wards. Semi-structured interviews with staff (n=14) gathered data on the perspectives and experiences of the contribution of the ward-based Pharmacy Technician across two wards. An exploratory approach was taken using Thematic Analysis.1 Interviews were transcribed verbatim and anonymised. The research team familiarised themselves with transcripts by reading in full and generating initial codes using text from the data. Themes were generated and discussed between the team to produce an overall story of the analysis. Interviews were conducted over a 4 month period. Results Parents discussed the importance of communication about their child’s medicines in hospital. Some parents were aware of the Pharmacy Technician’s role as second checker. Parents recognised the benefits of the Technician’s background and expertise, and their contribution to the ward team. Fourteen staff interviews were conducted including the ward based Pharmacy Technician (after leaving each ward), the Chief Pharmacist, the Director of Nursing, a Ward Manager, Nursing and Pharmacy staff. Staff commented how the Pharmacy Technician provided a link between the Pharmacy and Nursing teams, alleviating nurses of administration duties and allowing them to spend more time with patients. The role was also seen as educational allowing for nurses to refresh their knowledge on medication storage procedures and alternative methods of administration. Conclusion To the research team’s knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to assess the potential benefits of introducing a ward-based Pharmacy Technician as a second checker. This novel role extension releases nursing staff time to undertake more patient-centred nursing duties. In addition, the specialist knowledge of the Pharmacy Technician at the point of medicine administration had a positive impact on medicines optimisation for children in hospital, providing more effective administration of medicines and contributing to wider patient safety in paediatric settings. Although further evaluation is required, our findings indicate that parental and staff support the future development of this service. Reference Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2006;3(2):77–101.

Erin R Holmes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the caring behaviours of danish pharmaconomists insight for Pharmacy Technician practice around the world
    International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2019
    Co-Authors: Shane P Desselle, Erin R Holmes, Charlotte Rossing, Ryan Hoh, Amanpreet Gill, Lemuel Zamora
    Abstract:

    Objectives Pharmacy workforce support personnel are being accorded greater scopes of practice, especially Danish pharmaconomists [Pharmacy Technician, experts in pharmaceuticals with a 3-year degree]. The aims of this study were to assess pharmaconomists' caring behaviours and identify factors related to those behaviours. Methods A self-administered survey was distributed to a random sample of pharmaconomists in Denmark. The survey assessed caring behaviours using the Caring Behaviours Assessment and acquired data to ascertain their employers' culture, respondent's need for achievement, personality traits, commitment and work-related characteristics. Descriptive statistics provided insight into pharmacomomists' predispositions, and bivariate analyses were used to identify associations of pharmaconomists' caring with other variables under study. Key findings Over 300 pharmaconomists responded (52.2% response rate). Pharmaconomists reported generally high levels (well above the median on the 5-point scale) of caring behaviours. They reported higher levels (upper range of 5-point scale) of empathic behaviours, such as treating patients with respect and seeing things from the patient's point of view but somewhat lower levels of encouraging the patient to talk about how they feel and praising the patient's efforts, which could otherwise help patients cope with and improve their self-efficacy for disease management. Pharmaconomist caring was associated with practice setting, organisational culture and commitment to their employer. Conclusions Pharmaconomists reported performing behaviours that were empathic, but less frequently those associated with facilitating greater patient autonomy. Caring behaviours were associated with a number of variables related to practice setting. The findings can help to inform educational pedagogy and Pharmacy personnel management.

  • Pharmacy Technician self efficacies insight to aid future education staff development and workforce planning
    Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Shane P Desselle, Erin R Holmes, Ryan Hoh, Amanpreet Gill, Lemuel Zamora
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The roles of Pharmacy Technicians are increasingly prominent given Pharmacy's transition to patient-centered activities and evolving scopes of practice in many U.S. states and throughout the world. Objectives The aims of this study were to assess U.S. Pharmacy Technicians' self-efficacies for and attitudes toward performing current and emerging roles in hospital and in community Pharmacy and to identify factors related to Pharmacy Technician self-efficacies in these roles. Methods A total of 5000 Pharmacy Technicians from 8 U.S. states were sent an electronic survey eliciting data on current involvement, self-efficacies, and attitudes for practicing in an expansive list of practice activities. The 8 states from which the sample was drawn were selected from a stratified randomized procedure using U.S. Census Bureau geographically defined regions. Pre-notification and response reminders were employed. Data were analyzed descriptively and with univariate, inferential tests, as appropriate, to determine associations with commitment, practice environment, experience level, and other variables. Results Of the 612 participants who responded, 494 were currently working as a Technician and not enrolled in a PharmD program of study. Participants reported various activities in which they were highly engaged. Overall, attitudes toward performing most of the activities and self-efficacies were quite favorable, even for those activities in which Technicians were currently less involved. There were some notable differences between Technicians practicing in community versus hospital settings. Years of experience, profession commitment, and advanced employee ranking were associated with higher levels of self-efficacy, overall. Conclusions This initial examination of Pharmacy Technician self-efficacies identified areas that along with other factors could help employers with further expanding Technician practice activities and vocational institutions with considerations for education and development of these key members of the workforce. The results would suggest Technicians to be ready for continued evolution in their practice.

  • results of the 2015 national certified Pharmacy Technician workforce survey
    American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Shane P Desselle, Erin R Holmes
    Abstract:

    Purpose The results of the 2015 National Certified Pharmacy Technician Workforce Survey are described. Methods A survey was e-mailed to a randomized sample of 5,000 certified Pharmacy Technicians (CPhTs) throughout the United States, with response reminders employed. Survey items eliciting demographic and work characteristics and work life attitudes were generated from the literature and qualitative interviews. This study aimed to describe job satisfaction, sources of stress, profession and employer commitment, education and training, and reasons for entry into the profession among CPhTs and determine relationships between those variables and CPhTs’ level of involvement in various work activities, with particular attention paid to differences in practice setting. Frequency statistics, correlation analysis, and means testing were used to meet study objectives and identify significant differences. Results A total of 516 CPhTs currently working as a Pharmacy Technician responded to the survey. The CPhTs reported high levels of involvement in more traditional activities but less involvement in those that involve greater cognitive load. Respondents reported moderate levels of job satisfaction and commitment and somewhat high levels of stress overall. Most CPhTs chose to be a Pharmacy Technician because they desired to enter a healthcare field and help people and were recruited. CPhTs derived benefit from all aspects of education and training evaluated and most from on-the-job training. Perceived value of education and training was associated with higher satisfaction and commitment and with lower stress. There were a number of differences in these work life attitudes across practice settings and by involvement in various job functions. Conclusion The results of the survey indicated that job satisfaction and commitment were moderate and that stress levels were somewhat high among CPhTs. There were a number of differences in work life attitudes across practice settings and by involvement in various job activities.

Shane P Desselle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluating advanced Pharmacy Technician roles in the provision of point of care testing
    Journal of The American Pharmacists Association, 2020
    Co-Authors: Hunter Hill, Shane P Desselle, Lindsey Cardosi, Lindsey Henson, Mike Wasson, Michele Fountain, Kenneth C. Hohmeier
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives Assess the impact of Pharmacy Technician-supported point-of-care testing (POCT), including sample collection, on the number of cholesterol screenings performed in a community Pharmacy setting. Secondary objectives include assessment of provider perceptions and patient satisfaction of POCT when executed by a Technician. Practice description Thirty-two community pharmacies in 1 regional division of a large community Pharmacy chain in Tennessee; 16 participated in a certified Pharmacy Technician (CPhT) training program, and 16 did not. Practice innovation CPhTs supported POCT service delivery limited to the nonprofessional, technical tasks (e.g., sample collection, quality assurance). Evaluation The primary objective was evaluated by comparing the total number of screenings for control and intervention sites. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Both secondary measures were assessed via anonymous, Likert-type scale questionnaires. Results Intervention pharmacies performed 358 screenings, whereas control pharmacies performed 255 screenings (16.8% difference). The patient perception survey found that 94% (149 of 159) of those who received screening with CPhT involvement agreed or strongly agreed that the service was valuable, and 70% (111 of 159) reported that they are likely to follow up with their primary care providers to discuss the results. Furthermore, most patients were in agreement that they were overall satisfied with the screening services provided by the CPhT (94%, 149 of 159), and the CPhT was professional while performing the screening (95%, 151 of 159). The provider perceptions survey on service implementation found that most Pharmacy personnel agreed or strongly agreed that CPhTs performing POCT was feasible, appropriate, and acceptable. Conclusion This study provided preliminary data that Technician-supported POCT may positively impact the number of screenings provided. In addition, provider perceptions were positive, and patients felt satisfied with the studied Technician model.

  • the caring behaviours of danish pharmaconomists insight for Pharmacy Technician practice around the world
    International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2019
    Co-Authors: Shane P Desselle, Erin R Holmes, Charlotte Rossing, Ryan Hoh, Amanpreet Gill, Lemuel Zamora
    Abstract:

    Objectives Pharmacy workforce support personnel are being accorded greater scopes of practice, especially Danish pharmaconomists [Pharmacy Technician, experts in pharmaceuticals with a 3-year degree]. The aims of this study were to assess pharmaconomists' caring behaviours and identify factors related to those behaviours. Methods A self-administered survey was distributed to a random sample of pharmaconomists in Denmark. The survey assessed caring behaviours using the Caring Behaviours Assessment and acquired data to ascertain their employers' culture, respondent's need for achievement, personality traits, commitment and work-related characteristics. Descriptive statistics provided insight into pharmacomomists' predispositions, and bivariate analyses were used to identify associations of pharmaconomists' caring with other variables under study. Key findings Over 300 pharmaconomists responded (52.2% response rate). Pharmaconomists reported generally high levels (well above the median on the 5-point scale) of caring behaviours. They reported higher levels (upper range of 5-point scale) of empathic behaviours, such as treating patients with respect and seeing things from the patient's point of view but somewhat lower levels of encouraging the patient to talk about how they feel and praising the patient's efforts, which could otherwise help patients cope with and improve their self-efficacy for disease management. Pharmaconomist caring was associated with practice setting, organisational culture and commitment to their employer. Conclusions Pharmaconomists reported performing behaviours that were empathic, but less frequently those associated with facilitating greater patient autonomy. Caring behaviours were associated with a number of variables related to practice setting. The findings can help to inform educational pedagogy and Pharmacy personnel management.

  • Pharmacy Technician self efficacies insight to aid future education staff development and workforce planning
    Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Shane P Desselle, Erin R Holmes, Ryan Hoh, Amanpreet Gill, Lemuel Zamora
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The roles of Pharmacy Technicians are increasingly prominent given Pharmacy's transition to patient-centered activities and evolving scopes of practice in many U.S. states and throughout the world. Objectives The aims of this study were to assess U.S. Pharmacy Technicians' self-efficacies for and attitudes toward performing current and emerging roles in hospital and in community Pharmacy and to identify factors related to Pharmacy Technician self-efficacies in these roles. Methods A total of 5000 Pharmacy Technicians from 8 U.S. states were sent an electronic survey eliciting data on current involvement, self-efficacies, and attitudes for practicing in an expansive list of practice activities. The 8 states from which the sample was drawn were selected from a stratified randomized procedure using U.S. Census Bureau geographically defined regions. Pre-notification and response reminders were employed. Data were analyzed descriptively and with univariate, inferential tests, as appropriate, to determine associations with commitment, practice environment, experience level, and other variables. Results Of the 612 participants who responded, 494 were currently working as a Technician and not enrolled in a PharmD program of study. Participants reported various activities in which they were highly engaged. Overall, attitudes toward performing most of the activities and self-efficacies were quite favorable, even for those activities in which Technicians were currently less involved. There were some notable differences between Technicians practicing in community versus hospital settings. Years of experience, profession commitment, and advanced employee ranking were associated with higher levels of self-efficacy, overall. Conclusions This initial examination of Pharmacy Technician self-efficacies identified areas that along with other factors could help employers with further expanding Technician practice activities and vocational institutions with considerations for education and development of these key members of the workforce. The results would suggest Technicians to be ready for continued evolution in their practice.

  • results of the 2015 national certified Pharmacy Technician workforce survey
    American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Shane P Desselle, Erin R Holmes
    Abstract:

    Purpose The results of the 2015 National Certified Pharmacy Technician Workforce Survey are described. Methods A survey was e-mailed to a randomized sample of 5,000 certified Pharmacy Technicians (CPhTs) throughout the United States, with response reminders employed. Survey items eliciting demographic and work characteristics and work life attitudes were generated from the literature and qualitative interviews. This study aimed to describe job satisfaction, sources of stress, profession and employer commitment, education and training, and reasons for entry into the profession among CPhTs and determine relationships between those variables and CPhTs’ level of involvement in various work activities, with particular attention paid to differences in practice setting. Frequency statistics, correlation analysis, and means testing were used to meet study objectives and identify significant differences. Results A total of 516 CPhTs currently working as a Pharmacy Technician responded to the survey. The CPhTs reported high levels of involvement in more traditional activities but less involvement in those that involve greater cognitive load. Respondents reported moderate levels of job satisfaction and commitment and somewhat high levels of stress overall. Most CPhTs chose to be a Pharmacy Technician because they desired to enter a healthcare field and help people and were recruited. CPhTs derived benefit from all aspects of education and training evaluated and most from on-the-job training. Perceived value of education and training was associated with higher satisfaction and commitment and with lower stress. There were a number of differences in these work life attitudes across practice settings and by involvement in various job functions. Conclusion The results of the survey indicated that job satisfaction and commitment were moderate and that stress levels were somewhat high among CPhTs. There were a number of differences in work life attitudes across practice settings and by involvement in various job activities.

  • An in-depth examination into Pharmacy Technician worklife through an organizational behavior framework
    Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 2015
    Co-Authors: Shane P Desselle
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Pharmacy Technicians are a vital part of the health care workforce. Little is known about perceptions of their own work environment that would engender more effective recruitment, retention, and management strategies by pharmacists and employers. Objectives The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of certified Pharmacy Technician worklife. Specific objectives included the identification of themes of worklife phenomena to assist with the development of appropriate responses by other Pharmacy stakeholders and to ascertain the contribution of various factors engendering or discouraging career commitment of Pharmacy Technicians. Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with a convenience sample of Pharmacy Technicians in one U.S. state, who varied by their work settings and level of experience. The interview guide and corresponding participant responses were framed from around an organizational cultural basis rooted in organizational behavior theory. Notes from the interviews were analyzed thematically using directed content analysis. Results Four primary themes emerged, including: career impetus , job responsibilities , quality of work life , and equitable partnership . The data revealed Pharmacy Technicians' need for self-actualization and recognition of the value they bring to the organization. The participants identified primary responsibilities that contribute to their sense of worth and those that if not managed adequately potentially detract from their well-being and effectiveness. Findings in regard to rate of pay corroborate previous work on wages as both an intrinsic and extrinsic motivator. Pharmacy Technicians seek equity among each other (their peers) and in a mutually beneficial relationship with their employing organization. Conclusions This study provides the impetus for interventions and further study that should serve to enhance Pharmacy Technician effectiveness, quality of work life, and longevity in an emerging profession.

Amy Weir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Barker Catrin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sp8 introducing a ward based Pharmacy Technician to support the administration of paediatric medicines an evaluation of parent and staff perspectives
    Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2018
    Co-Authors: Barker Catrin, Bartlett Donna, Brown Pauline, Bracken Louise, Bellis Jenny, Kaehne Axel, Silverio Sergio, Cope Louise, Peak Matthew
    Abstract:

    Aim To determine the impact of replacing a nurse with a ward-based Pharmacy Technician as the second checker, in the process of administering medicines to children in hospital by exploring the views and experiences of parents and staff involved in the change in practice. Method Having undertaken additional in-house training, a Pharmacy Technician replaced the second nurse on medication ward rounds (second checker) for 10 months over two wards. This took place on a neuro-medical ward and a medical specialty ward. The Pharmacy Technician undertook roles relating to medicines administration, including: attending day time medicine administration rounds; checking accuracy and appropriateness of prescriptions; preparing/administering prescribed medicines; independently undertaking dosage calculations; recording the administration of medicines. Using their specialist knowledge and skills, the role aimed to improve medicines optimisation for patients and their families during their inpatient stay. Research staff conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with parents of patients who were administered medicines during the study period (n=12) and with staff involved with the change in practice, as well as an interview with the Pharmacy Technician themselves after leaving each ward. Families were recruited from the two wards. Semi-structured interviews with staff (n=14) gathered data on the perspectives and experiences of the contribution of the ward-based Pharmacy Technician across two wards. An exploratory approach was taken using Thematic Analysis.1 Interviews were transcribed verbatim and anonymised. The research team familiarised themselves with transcripts by reading in full and generating initial codes using text from the data. Themes were generated and discussed between the team to produce an overall story of the analysis. Interviews were conducted over a 4 month period. Results Parents discussed the importance of communication about their child’s medicines in hospital. Some parents were aware of the Pharmacy Technician’s role as second checker. Parents recognised the benefits of the Technician’s background and expertise, and their contribution to the ward team. Fourteen staff interviews were conducted including the ward based Pharmacy Technician (after leaving each ward), the Chief Pharmacist, the Director of Nursing, a Ward Manager, Nursing and Pharmacy staff. Staff commented how the Pharmacy Technician provided a link between the Pharmacy and Nursing teams, alleviating nurses of administration duties and allowing them to spend more time with patients. The role was also seen as educational allowing for nurses to refresh their knowledge on medication storage procedures and alternative methods of administration. Conclusion To the research team’s knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to assess the potential benefits of introducing a ward-based Pharmacy Technician as a second checker. This novel role extension releases nursing staff time to undertake more patient-centred nursing duties. In addition, the specialist knowledge of the Pharmacy Technician at the point of medicine administration had a positive impact on medicines optimisation for children in hospital, providing more effective administration of medicines and contributing to wider patient safety in paediatric settings. Although further evaluation is required, our findings indicate that parental and staff support the future development of this service. Reference Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2006;3(2):77–101.