The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Francisco Veríssimo Mello-filho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of transverse maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and on the Pharynx
Sleep and Breathing, 2019Co-Authors: Pedro Pileggi Vinha, Ana Célia Faria, Mariana Christino, Francisco Veríssimo Mello-filhoAbstract:Purpose To assess the effects of transverse maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis (TMDO) on the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and on the morphology of the Pharynx. Methods A clinical trial was conducted with seven patients with OSA and with transverse maxillomandibular deficiency, two women and five men aged on average 41.16 ± 10.9 years on the day of surgery. All participants were submitted to computed tomography (CT) and full-night polysomnography (PSG) before and approximately 9 months after surgery. A 95% confidence interval was defined. Results The AHI and RDI of the participants were reduced by about 62% (from 27.65 ± 36.65 to 10.73 ± 11.78, p = 0.031 and from 41.21 ± 32.73 to 15.30 ± 13.87, p = 0.015, respectively). The airway showed a surprising mean reduction in volume of 10% (from 5.78 ± 2.53 to 4.71 ± 1.42, p = 0.437, for the upper Pharynx; from 6.98 ± 2.23 to 6.23 ± 2.05, p = 0.437, for the lower Pharynx; and from 12.76 ± 1.56 to 10.94 ± 2.42, p = 0.625, for the total Pharynx). However, the site of the smallest area of the Pharynx was considerably increased both in the anteroposterior and transverse direction and in its total area (from 0.88 ± 7.11 to 0.99 ± 0.39, p = 0.625; from 1.78 ± 0.81 to 2.05 ± 0.61, p = 0.812; and from 0.99 ± 0.74 to 1.40 ± 0.51, p = 0.180, respectively). Conclusion TMDO proved to be efficient in reducing or curing OSA, producing modifications of upper Pharynx morphology with an increase of the smallest area of the Pharynx.
Carolyn E. Adler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical Amputation and Regeneration of the Pharynx in the Planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2018Co-Authors: Divya A. Shiroor, Tisha E. Bohr, Carolyn E. AdlerAbstract:Planarians are flatworms that are extremely efficient at regeneration. They owe this ability to a large number of stem cells that can rapidly respond to any type of injury. Common injury models in these animals remove large amounts of tissue, which damages multiple organs. To overcome this broad tissue damage, we describe here a method to selectively remove a single organ, the Pharynx, in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. We achieve this by soaking animals in a solution containing the cytochrome oxidase inhibitor sodium azide. Brief exposure to sodium azide causes extrusion of the Pharynx from the animal, which we call "chemical amputation." Chemical amputation removes the entire Pharynx, and generates a small wound where the Pharynx attaches to the intestine. After extensive rinsing, all amputated animals regenerate a fully functional Pharynx in approximately one week. Stem cells in the rest of the body drive regeneration of the new Pharynx. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for chemical amputation, and describe both histological and behavioral methods to assess successful amputation and regeneration.
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phred 1 is a divergent neurexin 1 homolog that organizes muscle fibers and patterns organs during regeneration
Developmental Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Carolyn E. Adler, Alejandro Sanchez AlvaradoAbstract:Regeneration of body parts requires the replacement of multiple cell types. To dissect this complex process, we utilized planarian flatworms that are capable of regenerating any tissue after amputation. An RNAi screen for genes involved in regeneration of the Pharynx identified a novel gene, Pharynx regeneration defective-1 (PHRED-1) as essential for normal Pharynx regeneration. PHRED-1 is a predicted transmembrane protein containing EGF, Laminin G, and WD40 domains, is expressed in muscle, and has predicted homologs restricted to other lophotrochozoan species. Knockdown of PHRED-1 causes abnormal regeneration of muscle fibers in both the Pharynx and body wall muscle. In addition to defects in muscle regeneration, knockdown of PHRED-1 or the bHLH transcription factor MyoD also causes defects in muscle and intestinal regeneration. Together, our data demonstrate that muscle plays a key role in restoring the structural integrity of closely associated organs, and in planarians it may form a scaffold that facilitates normal intestinal branching.
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selective amputation of the Pharynx identifies a foxa dependent regeneration program in planaria
eLife, 2014Co-Authors: Carolyn E. Adler, Chris Seidel, Sean A Mckinney, Alejandro Sanchez AlvaradoAbstract:Planarian flatworms regenerate every organ after amputation. Adult pluripotent stem cells drive this ability, but how injury activates and directs stem cells into the appropriate lineages is unclear. Here we describe a single-organ regeneration assay in which ejection of the planarian Pharynx is selectively induced by brief exposure of animals to sodium azide. To identify genes required for Pharynx regeneration, we performed an RNAi screen of 356 genes upregulated after amputation, using successful feeding as a proxy for regeneration. We found that knockdown of 20 genes caused a wide range of regeneration phenotypes and that RNAi of the forkhead transcription factor FoxA, which is expressed in a subpopulation of stem cells, specifically inhibited regrowth of the Pharynx. Selective amputation of the Pharynx therefore permits the identification of genes required for organ-specific regeneration and suggests an ancient function for FoxA-dependent transcriptional programs in driving regeneration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02238.001.
D'amelio S. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative transcriptomics reveals clues for differences in pathogenicity between hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffid
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Cavallero S., Lombardo F., Salvemini M., Pizzarelli A., Cantacessi C., D'amelio S.Abstract:Ascaridoid nematodes are widespread in marine fishes. Despite their major socioeconomic importance, mechanisms associated to the fish-borne zoonotic disease anisakiasis are still obscure. RNA-Seq and de-novo assembly were herein applied to RNA extracted from larvae and dissected Pharynx of Hysterothylacium aduncum (HA), a non-pathogenic nematode. Assembled transcripts in HA were annotated and compared to the transcriptomes of the zoonotic species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (AS) and Anisakis pegreffii (AP). Approximately 60,000,000 single-end reads were generated for HA, AS and AP. Transcripts in HA encoded for 30,254 putative peptides while AS and AP encoded for 20,574 and 20,840 putative peptides, respectively. Differential gene expression analyses yielded 471, 612 and 526 transcripts up regulated in the Pharynx of HA, AS and AP. The transcriptomes of larvae and Pharynx of HA were enriched in transcripts encoding collagen, peptidases, ribosomal proteins and in heat-shock motifs. Transcripts encoding proteolytic enzymes, anesthetics, inhibitors of primary hemostasis and virulence factors, anticoagulants and immunomodulatory peptides were up-regulated in AS and AP Pharynx. This study represents the first transcriptomic characterization of a marine parasitic nematode commonly recovered in fish and probably of negligible concern for public health
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Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Clues for Differences in Pathogenicity between Hysterothylacium aduncum, Anisakissimplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Cavallero S., Lombardo F., Salvemini M., Pizzarelli A., Cantacessi C., D'amelio S.Abstract:Ascaridoid nematodes are widespread in marine fishes. Despite their major socioeconomic importance, mechanisms associated to the fish-borne zoonotic disease anisakiasis are still obscure. RNA-Seq and de-novo assembly were herein applied to RNA extracted from larvae and dissected Pharynx of Hysterothylacium aduncum (HA), a non-pathogenic nematode. Assembled transcripts in HA were annotated and compared to the transcriptomes of the zoonotic species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (AS) and Anisakis pegreffii (AP). Approximately 60,000,000 single-end reads were generated for HA, AS and AP. Transcripts in HA encoded for 30,254 putative peptides while AS and AP encoded for 20,574 and 20,840 putative peptides, respectively. Differential gene expression analyses yielded 471, 612 and 526 transcripts up regulated in the Pharynx of HA, AS and AP. The transcriptomes of larvae and Pharynx of HA were enriched in transcripts encoding collagen, peptidases, ribosomal proteins and in heat-shock motifs. Transcripts encoding proteolytic enzymes, anesthetics, inhibitors of primary hemostasis and virulence factors, anticoagulants and immunomodulatory peptides were up-regulated in AS and AP Pharynx. This study represents the first transcriptomic characterization of a marine parasitic nematode commonly recovered in fish and probably of negligible concern for public health
Alejandro Sanchez Alvarado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phred 1 is a divergent neurexin 1 homolog that organizes muscle fibers and patterns organs during regeneration
Developmental Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Carolyn E. Adler, Alejandro Sanchez AlvaradoAbstract:Regeneration of body parts requires the replacement of multiple cell types. To dissect this complex process, we utilized planarian flatworms that are capable of regenerating any tissue after amputation. An RNAi screen for genes involved in regeneration of the Pharynx identified a novel gene, Pharynx regeneration defective-1 (PHRED-1) as essential for normal Pharynx regeneration. PHRED-1 is a predicted transmembrane protein containing EGF, Laminin G, and WD40 domains, is expressed in muscle, and has predicted homologs restricted to other lophotrochozoan species. Knockdown of PHRED-1 causes abnormal regeneration of muscle fibers in both the Pharynx and body wall muscle. In addition to defects in muscle regeneration, knockdown of PHRED-1 or the bHLH transcription factor MyoD also causes defects in muscle and intestinal regeneration. Together, our data demonstrate that muscle plays a key role in restoring the structural integrity of closely associated organs, and in planarians it may form a scaffold that facilitates normal intestinal branching.
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selective amputation of the Pharynx identifies a foxa dependent regeneration program in planaria
eLife, 2014Co-Authors: Carolyn E. Adler, Chris Seidel, Sean A Mckinney, Alejandro Sanchez AlvaradoAbstract:Planarian flatworms regenerate every organ after amputation. Adult pluripotent stem cells drive this ability, but how injury activates and directs stem cells into the appropriate lineages is unclear. Here we describe a single-organ regeneration assay in which ejection of the planarian Pharynx is selectively induced by brief exposure of animals to sodium azide. To identify genes required for Pharynx regeneration, we performed an RNAi screen of 356 genes upregulated after amputation, using successful feeding as a proxy for regeneration. We found that knockdown of 20 genes caused a wide range of regeneration phenotypes and that RNAi of the forkhead transcription factor FoxA, which is expressed in a subpopulation of stem cells, specifically inhibited regrowth of the Pharynx. Selective amputation of the Pharynx therefore permits the identification of genes required for organ-specific regeneration and suggests an ancient function for FoxA-dependent transcriptional programs in driving regeneration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02238.001.
Pedro Pileggi Vinha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of transverse maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and on the Pharynx
Sleep and Breathing, 2019Co-Authors: Pedro Pileggi Vinha, Ana Célia Faria, Mariana Christino, Francisco Veríssimo Mello-filhoAbstract:Purpose To assess the effects of transverse maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis (TMDO) on the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and on the morphology of the Pharynx. Methods A clinical trial was conducted with seven patients with OSA and with transverse maxillomandibular deficiency, two women and five men aged on average 41.16 ± 10.9 years on the day of surgery. All participants were submitted to computed tomography (CT) and full-night polysomnography (PSG) before and approximately 9 months after surgery. A 95% confidence interval was defined. Results The AHI and RDI of the participants were reduced by about 62% (from 27.65 ± 36.65 to 10.73 ± 11.78, p = 0.031 and from 41.21 ± 32.73 to 15.30 ± 13.87, p = 0.015, respectively). The airway showed a surprising mean reduction in volume of 10% (from 5.78 ± 2.53 to 4.71 ± 1.42, p = 0.437, for the upper Pharynx; from 6.98 ± 2.23 to 6.23 ± 2.05, p = 0.437, for the lower Pharynx; and from 12.76 ± 1.56 to 10.94 ± 2.42, p = 0.625, for the total Pharynx). However, the site of the smallest area of the Pharynx was considerably increased both in the anteroposterior and transverse direction and in its total area (from 0.88 ± 7.11 to 0.99 ± 0.39, p = 0.625; from 1.78 ± 0.81 to 2.05 ± 0.61, p = 0.812; and from 0.99 ± 0.74 to 1.40 ± 0.51, p = 0.180, respectively). Conclusion TMDO proved to be efficient in reducing or curing OSA, producing modifications of upper Pharynx morphology with an increase of the smallest area of the Pharynx.
