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Jae-dong Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of Species-specific Primers for Rapid Detection of Phellinus linteus and P. baumii
Mycobiology, 2005Co-Authors: Mun-ok Kim, Byung-hyouk Nam, Gi-young Kim, Cheng-yun Jin, Ki-won Lee, Jae-min Park, Sang-joon Lee, Jae-dong LeeAbstract:Genus Phellinus taxonomically belongs to Aphyllophorales and some species of this genus have been used as a medicinal ingredients and Indian folk medicines. Especially, P. linteus and morphological-related species are well-known medicinal fungi that have various biological activities such as humoral and cell-mediated, anti-mutagenic, and anti-cancer activities. However, little is known about the rapid detection for complex Phellinus species. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop specific primers for the rapid detection of P. linteus and other related species. Designing the species-specific primers was done based on internal transcribed spacer sequence data. Each primer set detected specifically P. linteus (PL2/PL5R) and P. baumii (PB1/PB4R). These primer sets could be useful for the rapid detection of specific-species among unidentified Phellinus species. Moreover, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ITS region with HaeIII was also useful for clarifying the relationship between each 5 Phellinus species.
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Phylogenetic Analysis and Rapid Detection of Genus Phellinus using the Nucleotide Sequences of 18S Ribosomal RNA
Mycobiology, 2003Co-Authors: Byung-hyouk Nam, Jae-yun Lee, Gi-young Kim, Heon-ho Jung, Hyung-sik Park, Cheng-yun Kim, Soo-jin Jeong, Tae-ho Lee, Jae-dong LeeAbstract:Analysis of phylogenetic relationship was performed among Phellinus species based on 18S ribosomal subunit sequence data. Twenty-five strains of 19 Phellinus species including P. linteus were examined in this study. Regions of 18S ribosomal subunit were very conserved, but some variable regions between Phellinus species were observed. The species-specific detection primers, modified by 2 or 3 nucleotides in sense primer were designed based on 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data. The 210 bp PCR bands were detected with annealing temperature 48 o C. The 18S 2F-18S 4R detection primer set distinguished P. linteus from various Phellinus species but some species like P. baumii , P. weirianius , P. rhabarberinus and P. pomaceus also had weak reactivity on this primer set. The 18S 3F-18S 4R primer set distinguished only P. linteus from various Phellinus species, although sensitivity with this primer set was lower than that of 18S 2F-18 4R primer set. These primer sets would be useful for the detection of only P. linteus among unknown Phellinus species rapidly.
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taxonomical classification and species specific detection of genus some Phellinus using phylotype
The Korean Journal of Mycology, 2003Co-Authors: Cheng-yun Kim, Jae-yun Lee, Gi-young Kim, Tae-ho Lee, Mun-ok Kim, Ki-won Lee, Jae-min Park, Jae-dong LeeAbstract:This study was carried out to identify the phylogenetic relationship of Phellinus species and to know its distribution by comparing the DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS1 and IST2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat unit. The Phellinus species had their specific sequences in IST1 and 2 regions depending on suedes. The comparison of the ITS sequences of standard strains indicated that the sequences of ITS1 were more variable than those of ITS2. Nine strains of the commercial products of Phellinus species used in this study were identified as P. lintues, P. baumii, P. igniarius, and P. pini. Most of commercial species were P. pini and P. baumii, and P. gilvus was not found. Also, P. linteus was only found in form of mycelial culture rather than fruiting body. Moreover, the species-specific primers were designed based on ITS sequence data. Each species-specific primers were bound in P. lintues(ITSF-PL2R), P. baumii(PB1F-ITS4R), P. igniarius(IF1-IR3), P. pini(PF1-PR3), and P. gilvus(GF2-GR4), respectively. These primer sets would be useful fer the detection of specific-species among unidentified Phellinus species rapidly.
Yu Cheng Dai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Global diversity and phylogeny of the Phellinus igniarius complex (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) with the description of five new species
Mycologia, 2015Co-Authors: Li-wei Zhou, Josef Vlasák, Wen-min Qin, Yu Cheng DaiAbstract:The Phellinus igniarius complex corresponds to Phellinus s.s., a well supported clade in the polyphyletic Phellinus s.l. studied worldwide. Recently a molecular phylogeny of this complex was performed for the European and North American species. In this study we expand the taxon samplings of the P. igniarius complex to include 59, seven and 12 additional collections originating from China, Czech Republic and USA, respectively. We generated 78 nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and 42 translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1α) sequences. Based on the morphological and phylogenetic (combined ITS and tef1α dataset) analyses, Phellinus monticola, P. orientoasiaticus, P. padicola, P. parmastoi and P. pomaceoides are newly described and illustrated from China and USA. Phellinus pseudoigniarius is treated as a later synonym of P. igniarius, whereas Phellinus betulinus subsp. betulinus is accepted as P. betulinus. A total of 15 species are accepted in the P. igniarius complex worldwide. Of them, 10 species are distributed in eastern Asia, eight in Europe and six in North America. The taxonomy, phylogeny, host associations and geographic distributions of these 15 species are briefly discussed.
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Current advances in Phellinus sensu lato: medicinal species, functions, metabolites and mechanisms.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2010Co-Authors: Yu Cheng Dai, Li-wei Zhou, Bao-kai Cui, Yan-qiu Chen, Cony DecockAbstract:Twenty-six species of Phellinus sensu lato, reported as medicinal mushrooms, are enumerated in this review. The species' names were checked and revised according to contemporary taxonomy and the latest version of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code); two misapplied names of Phellinus baumii Pilat and Phellinus himalayensis Y.C. Dai in previous reports are also discussed. Of the 20 types of medicinal functions, the most shared functions are antitumor and improving immunity, both of which may be viewed as the basal functions of Phellinus s. l. In addition, alleviating septic shock, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidation are also a routine functions mentioned often. The main medicinal metabolites, including several kinds of polysaccharides and polyphenols, are introduced. Different methods and conditions could purify various polysaccharides with difference in activity level even from the same species, while all polyphenols are hispidin and its derivatives in general. Three aspects of mechanism contribute to antitumor activities of polysaccharides: (1) promoting an immune response, (2) inducing cell apoptosis, and (3) inhibiting metastasis. Other general mechanisms of the metabolites in antioxidant activity, and in treating diabetes, as well as complications are summarized. We also elaborate on potential scientific strategies for obtaining the medicinal metabolites from Phellinus s. l., such as artificial cultivation, the discoveries of more species with medicinal functions, the utilization of species growing quickly, and the optimization of culture conditions and media supplements in fermentation.
Yuanshuai Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advances in Antitumor Polysaccharides from Phellinus sensu lato: Production, Isolation, Structure, Antitumor Activity, and Mechanisms
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Jing-kun Yan, Juan Juan Pei, Zhen Bin Wang, Yuanshuai LiuAbstract:Edible and medicinal fungi (mushrooms) are widely applied to functional foods and nutraceutical products because of their proven nutritive and medicinal properties. Phellinus sensu lato is a well-known medicinal mushroom that has long been used in preventing ailments, including gastroenteric dysfunction, diarrhea, hemorrhage, and cancers, in oriental countries, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. Polysaccharides represent a major class of bioactive molecules in Phellinus s. l., which have notable antitumor, immunomodulatory, and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides that were isolated from fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia, and filtrates of Phellinus s. l. have not only activated different immune responses of the host organism but have also directly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. Studies suggest that polysaccharides from Phellinus s. l. are promising alternative anticancer agents or synergizers for existing antitumor drugs. This review summarizes the recent development of polysaccharides from Phellinus s. l., including polysaccharide production, extraction and isolation methods, chemical structure, antitumor activities, and mechanisms of action.
Michael Fischer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new species of Phellinus sensu stricto associated with esca on grapevine in South Africa
Mycological Progress, 2016Co-Authors: Mia Cloete, Michael Fischer, I. L. Du Plessis, Lizel Mostert, Francois HalleenAbstract:A new species of Phellinus sensu stricto was isolated from diseased Vitis vinifera in the Northern Cape and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. Phellinus resupinatus is described here based on fruit body morphology, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) phylogenies. Phellinus resupinatus forms a well-supported clade closely related to Phellinus bicuspidatus, a species associated with white rot in oak trees in the United States. Morphologically, P. resupinatus is characterised by its resupinate fruit body shape, straight, ventricose hymenial setae and broadly ellipsoid hyaline basidiospores. It has been isolated from esca-diseased grapevines in the summer rainfall regions of South Africa and is found on the uppermost trunks of declining vines showing symptoms of white rot.
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proceedings towards a natural classification of the worldwide taxa Phellinus s l and inonotus s l and phylogenetic relationships of allied genera
Mycologia, 2002Co-Authors: Tobias Wagner, Michael FischerAbstract:The classification of Phellinus s.l., Inonotus s.l. and the phylogenetic relationships of allied genera were studied using nuc-lsu rDNA sequence data. The worldwide taxon sampling comprised 107 species, 99 of them belonging to the Hymenochaetales. The phylogenetic trees were discussed in relation to morphological and anatomical features of the fruit bodies. The Hymenochaetales formed no monophyletic group and several non-Hymenochaetales appeared as intermingled with the Hymenochaetales. Trichaptum abietinum and Oxyporus populinus showed no certain affinities within the Hymenochaetales, whereas Basidioradulum radula was closely related to Phellopilus nigrolimitatus, and Hyphodontia quercina and Schizopora paradoxa were related to Coltricia, Coltriciella and Pyrrhoderma adamantinum. Phellinus s.l. and Inonotus s.l. formed no monophyletic groups, and a subdivision in the following genera is accepted: Phellinus s.s., Inonotus s.s., Inocutis, Fomitiporella, Aurificaria, Phylloporia, Fulvifomes, Mensularia, Pseudoinonotus, Fomitiporia, Porodaedalea, Onnia, Fuscoporia, and Inonotopsis. Coltricia and Coltriciella were confirmed as seperate genera. The taxonomic status of Phellinidium and Pyrrhoderma remained uncertain. 16 new combinations are proposed.
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Phellinus igniarius and its closest relatives in Europe
Mycological Research, 1995Co-Authors: Michael FischerAbstract:Five species of the Phellinus igniarius group were characterized by pairing tests and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) data of enzymatically amplified rDNA. There was good agreement between pairing tests and RFLP data of the chosen rDNA region; together these characters provide a valuable tool for identification of taxa. Phellinus igniarius is restricted to species of Salix; P. alni occurs on numerous substrata with the exception of Salix; P. cinereus is restricted to Betula and Tilia. The status of P. nigricans is uncertain; available collections originate from Betula. Phellinus populicola, occurring on Populus, was confirmed as species. Phellinus trivialis is not a separate species and specimens referred to this taxon may belong to both P. igniarius and P. alni. Except for P. nigricans intersterility between taxa is complete. Phellinus nigricans is partly positive in pairings with P. alni, and, in one case, with P. cinereus. If restriction data for the five used restriction enzymes are pooled, four of the five taxa show specific phenotypes. Phellinus nigricans is identical with P. alni. The new combination Phellinus cinereus is made.
Cony Decock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current advances in Phellinus sensu lato: medicinal species, functions, metabolites and mechanisms.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2010Co-Authors: Yu Cheng Dai, Li-wei Zhou, Bao-kai Cui, Yan-qiu Chen, Cony DecockAbstract:Twenty-six species of Phellinus sensu lato, reported as medicinal mushrooms, are enumerated in this review. The species' names were checked and revised according to contemporary taxonomy and the latest version of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code); two misapplied names of Phellinus baumii Pilat and Phellinus himalayensis Y.C. Dai in previous reports are also discussed. Of the 20 types of medicinal functions, the most shared functions are antitumor and improving immunity, both of which may be viewed as the basal functions of Phellinus s. l. In addition, alleviating septic shock, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidation are also a routine functions mentioned often. The main medicinal metabolites, including several kinds of polysaccharides and polyphenols, are introduced. Different methods and conditions could purify various polysaccharides with difference in activity level even from the same species, while all polyphenols are hispidin and its derivatives in general. Three aspects of mechanism contribute to antitumor activities of polysaccharides: (1) promoting an immune response, (2) inducing cell apoptosis, and (3) inhibiting metastasis. Other general mechanisms of the metabolites in antioxidant activity, and in treating diabetes, as well as complications are summarized. We also elaborate on potential scientific strategies for obtaining the medicinal metabolites from Phellinus s. l., such as artificial cultivation, the discoveries of more species with medicinal functions, the utilization of species growing quickly, and the optimization of culture conditions and media supplements in fermentation.