The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kiyotomi Kaneda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simple and clean synthesis of 9 9 bis 4 2 hydroxyethoxy phenyl fluorene from the aromatic alkylation of Phenoxyethanol with fluoren 9 one catalysed by titanium cation exchanged montmorillonite
Green Chemistry, 2000Co-Authors: Kohki Ebitani, Tomoo Mizugaki, Tomonori Kawabata, Kohji Nagashima, Kiyotomi KanedaAbstract:9,9-Bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene is simply obtained by the condensation of Phenoxyethanol with fluoren-9-one using a Ti4+ cation-exchanged montmorillonite as a strong solid acid catalyst.
R A Weber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stress-preventing effects of the anaesthetic agents 2-Phenoxyethanol, MS-222, clove oil and metomidate in the Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis
Journal of Coastal Life Medicine Editorial Office, 2017Co-Authors: R A Weber, Jorge José Pérez Maceira, Leopoldo Oscar García Martín, M AldegundeAbstract:Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the anaesthetic agents 2-Phenoxyethanol, MS- 222, clove oil and metomidate in attenuating acute handling stress in juvenile specimens of Solea senegalensis subjected to two routine stressful events specific to aquaculture and/or fish research. Methods: The stress-preventing effects of four anaesthetic agents (2-Phenoxyethanol, 600 mg/L; metomidate, 5 mg/L; clove oil, 30 mg/L and MS-222, 75 mg/L) were evaluated in juvenile specimens of Senegalase sole (Solea senegalensis) subjected to two different types of acute (handling-related) stress: air exposure and net handling (chasing). To assess the stress-preventing effects of the four anaesthetic agents, diverse blood and plasma parameters (haematocrit, haemoglobin, glucose, lactate and cortisol levels) were determined as stress indicators. Fish were treated with the anaesthetic agents before being subjected to the different types of acute stress, and they were sacrificed 30 min, 2 and 24 h later. Control fish were processed in the same way without pretreatment with the anaesthetic agents. Results: The net handling stress was of sufficient intensity to cause a significant increase in the levels of most of the stress indicators considered. By contrast, air exposure stress only induced significant increases in cortisol and haemoglobin levels. Conclusions: The stress-preventing effects of the anaesthetic agents tested were ranked on the basis of their capacity to prevent increases in the haematocrit, haemoglobin, glucose, lactate and cortisol levels, as follows: metomidate (5 mg/L) > clove oil (30 mg/L) > MS-222 (75 mg/L) > 2-Phenoxyethanol (600 mg/L)
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Effects of acute exposure to 2-Phenoxyethanol, clove oil, MS-222, and metomidate on primary and secondary stress responses in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858)
Aquaculture, 2011Co-Authors: R A Weber, J B Peleteiro, J.j. Pérez-maceira, L. García-martínAbstract:Abstract The present study investigated possible stress effects in juvenile Solea senegalensis caused by exposure for 5, 10, 20 and 30 min to the anaesthetic agents 2-Phenoxyethanol (500 mg L − 1 ), clove oil (80 mg L − 1 ), MS-222 (200 mg L − 1 ) and metomidate (6 mg L − 1 ). The effects were also assessed 24 h after the longest exposure (30 min), and after killing the fish with a sharp blow to the head. Levels of cortisol, haematocrit, haemoglobin, glucose and lactate were measured in the fish as indicators of stress. The plasma concentrations of cortisol increased significantly after 20 min exposure to 2-Phenoxyethanol, and after 20 and 30 min exposure to clove oil and MS-222. The greatest increases occurred after 30 min exposure to clove oil and MS-222, and 20 min exposure to 2-Phenoxyethanol. With metomidate, significant increases in cortisol levels were only observed after 10 min exposure, and the magnitude of the increases was much lower than after exposure to the other anaesthetics. None of the anaesthetic agents induced significant changes in the haematocrit or haemoglobin levels. By contrast, the concentration of glucose increased significantly after 10, 20 and 30 min exposure to MS-222, after 20 and 30 min exposure to clove oil and after 30 min exposure to 2-Phenoxyethanol and to metomidate. The concentrations of lactate increased significantly after 20 and 30 min exposure to clove oil and to MS-222, and after 30 min exposure to 2-Phenoxyethanol and to metomidate. In all cases the levels of the stress indicators returned to control values (5 min exposure), 24 h after 30 min exposure to the anaesthetics. The results indicate that exposure to the anaesthetics induces a stress effect, characterised by stimulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–interrenal (HPI) axis and to a much lesser extent, the sympathetic nervous system-associated chromaffin tissue.
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the efficacy of 2 Phenoxyethanol metomidate clove oil and ms 222 as anaesthetic agents in the senegalese sole solea senegalensis kaup 1858
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: R A Weber, J B Peleteiro, L Garcia O Martin, M AldegundeAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of four anaesthetic agents (2-Phenoxyethanol, metomidate, clove oil and MS-222) was evaluated in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). It was assumed that stage II of anaesthesia is sufficient to carry out routine aquaculture procedures in less than 3 min, with recovery in less than 5 min. The following optimal doses were determined: 600 mg L− 1 of 2-Phenoxyethanol (induction 1.50 ± 0.37 and recovery time 1.94 ± 0.56 min), 5 mg L− 1 of metomidate (induction 1.50 ± 0.22 and recovery time 3.70 ± 1.18 min), 30 mg L− 1 of clove oil (induction 3.16 ± 0.40 and recovery time 3.76 ± 1.01 min) and 75 mg L− 1 of MS-222 (induction 2.42 ± 0.20 and recovery time 0.56 ± 0.14 min). The induction times decreased with increasing doses for all of the anaesthetic agents evaluated. Finally, the ability of each anaesthetic agent to prevent a reflex reaction in less than 3 min during simulated blood sampling was evaluated in Senegalese soles of different weights (74 ± 4 g; 213 ± 15 g; 300 ± 12 g), being only achieved in the following cases: 600 mg L− 1 of 2-Phenoxyethanol and 6 and 8 mg L− 1 of metomidate, with fish of 74 ± 4 g, and 600 mg L− 1 of 2-Phenoxyethanol, 8 mg L− 1 of metomidate and 200 mg L− 1 of MS-222 with fish of 213 ± 15 g. The most effective of the four anaesthetic agents studied was 2-phenoxiethanol, although all were considered acceptable for use in culture of Senegalese sole.
Alberta Maria Polzonettimagni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2 Phenoxyethanol as anesthetics in the aquaculture of european sea bass dicentrarchus labrax and gilthead sea bream sparus aurata at different temperatures
Aquaculture, 2005Co-Authors: Constantinos C Mylonas, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Irini Sigelaki, Alberta Maria PolzonettimagniAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of clove oil as an anesthetic was evaluated in juvenile European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ), and was compared to the commonly used 2-Phenoxyethanol through a series of experiments simulating aquaculture activities. Firstly, using as a criterion the acquisition of complete anesthesia (stage A5) in −1 of clove oil for both species, and 350 mg l −1 and 300 mg l −1 of 2-Phenoxyethanol for European sea bass and gilthead sea bream, respectively. At 15 °C, the optimal doses for the European sea bass were determined to be around 30 mg l −1 clove oil and 300 mg l −1 2-Phenoxyethanol, and for gilthead sea bream 55 mg l −1 clove oil and 450 mg l −1 2-Phenoxyethanol. Increasing the exposure time of fish to the optimal anesthetic dose for 5, 10 or 15 min after stage A5 anesthesia prolonged recovery time (ANOVA, P P P P
M Aldegunde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stress-preventing effects of the anaesthetic agents 2-Phenoxyethanol, MS-222, clove oil and metomidate in the Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis
Journal of Coastal Life Medicine Editorial Office, 2017Co-Authors: R A Weber, Jorge José Pérez Maceira, Leopoldo Oscar García Martín, M AldegundeAbstract:Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the anaesthetic agents 2-Phenoxyethanol, MS- 222, clove oil and metomidate in attenuating acute handling stress in juvenile specimens of Solea senegalensis subjected to two routine stressful events specific to aquaculture and/or fish research. Methods: The stress-preventing effects of four anaesthetic agents (2-Phenoxyethanol, 600 mg/L; metomidate, 5 mg/L; clove oil, 30 mg/L and MS-222, 75 mg/L) were evaluated in juvenile specimens of Senegalase sole (Solea senegalensis) subjected to two different types of acute (handling-related) stress: air exposure and net handling (chasing). To assess the stress-preventing effects of the four anaesthetic agents, diverse blood and plasma parameters (haematocrit, haemoglobin, glucose, lactate and cortisol levels) were determined as stress indicators. Fish were treated with the anaesthetic agents before being subjected to the different types of acute stress, and they were sacrificed 30 min, 2 and 24 h later. Control fish were processed in the same way without pretreatment with the anaesthetic agents. Results: The net handling stress was of sufficient intensity to cause a significant increase in the levels of most of the stress indicators considered. By contrast, air exposure stress only induced significant increases in cortisol and haemoglobin levels. Conclusions: The stress-preventing effects of the anaesthetic agents tested were ranked on the basis of their capacity to prevent increases in the haematocrit, haemoglobin, glucose, lactate and cortisol levels, as follows: metomidate (5 mg/L) > clove oil (30 mg/L) > MS-222 (75 mg/L) > 2-Phenoxyethanol (600 mg/L)
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the efficacy of 2 Phenoxyethanol metomidate clove oil and ms 222 as anaesthetic agents in the senegalese sole solea senegalensis kaup 1858
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: R A Weber, J B Peleteiro, L Garcia O Martin, M AldegundeAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of four anaesthetic agents (2-Phenoxyethanol, metomidate, clove oil and MS-222) was evaluated in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). It was assumed that stage II of anaesthesia is sufficient to carry out routine aquaculture procedures in less than 3 min, with recovery in less than 5 min. The following optimal doses were determined: 600 mg L− 1 of 2-Phenoxyethanol (induction 1.50 ± 0.37 and recovery time 1.94 ± 0.56 min), 5 mg L− 1 of metomidate (induction 1.50 ± 0.22 and recovery time 3.70 ± 1.18 min), 30 mg L− 1 of clove oil (induction 3.16 ± 0.40 and recovery time 3.76 ± 1.01 min) and 75 mg L− 1 of MS-222 (induction 2.42 ± 0.20 and recovery time 0.56 ± 0.14 min). The induction times decreased with increasing doses for all of the anaesthetic agents evaluated. Finally, the ability of each anaesthetic agent to prevent a reflex reaction in less than 3 min during simulated blood sampling was evaluated in Senegalese soles of different weights (74 ± 4 g; 213 ± 15 g; 300 ± 12 g), being only achieved in the following cases: 600 mg L− 1 of 2-Phenoxyethanol and 6 and 8 mg L− 1 of metomidate, with fish of 74 ± 4 g, and 600 mg L− 1 of 2-Phenoxyethanol, 8 mg L− 1 of metomidate and 200 mg L− 1 of MS-222 with fish of 213 ± 15 g. The most effective of the four anaesthetic agents studied was 2-phenoxiethanol, although all were considered acceptable for use in culture of Senegalese sole.
Kohki Ebitani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simple and clean synthesis of 9 9 bis 4 2 hydroxyethoxy phenyl fluorene from the aromatic alkylation of Phenoxyethanol with fluoren 9 one catalysed by titanium cation exchanged montmorillonite
Green Chemistry, 2000Co-Authors: Kohki Ebitani, Tomoo Mizugaki, Tomonori Kawabata, Kohji Nagashima, Kiyotomi KanedaAbstract:9,9-Bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene is simply obtained by the condensation of Phenoxyethanol with fluoren-9-one using a Ti4+ cation-exchanged montmorillonite as a strong solid acid catalyst.
