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Edward B Silberstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the treatment of painful osseous metastases with Phosphorus 32 labeled phosphates
Seminars in Oncology, 1993Co-Authors: Edward B SilbersteinAbstract:32P orthophosphate administered in a wide range of activity reduces or relieves the pain from osteoblastic metastases in approximately 80% of patients treated. The efficacy of this agent is equal to that of newer agents and of wide field radiotherapy, as documented in a literature review of 28 series reporting the use of 32P orthophosphate over a 50-year period. There is no dose-response relationship between the activity of 32P given and the percentage of patients experiencing pain reduction who received that activity. Only one death has been attributed to this radiopharmaceutical.
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Phosphorus 32 radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of painful osseous metastases
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, 1992Co-Authors: Edward B Silberstein, Abdelhamid H Elgazzar, Allan KapilivskyAbstract:Phosphorus-32, employed as the orthophosphate or polyphosphate, can reduce or relieve the pain of osteoblastic metastases without serious hematologic toxicity, especially if used as a single injection. Uptake of this beta-emitter by osteoblastic-reactive bone and possibly by tumor and other cells can lead to pain reduction and often to cell killing. Efficacy has been demonstrated for the treatment of pain in 84% of 322 breast cancer patients and 77% of 444 prostate cancer patients found in a review of the literature. These results match those of the newer radiopharmaceuticals currently under investigation.
Awadhesh N Jha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of interactive effects of Phosphorus 32 and copper on marine and freshwater bivalve mollusks
International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Emily L Vernon, Tim P Bean, M N Moore, Awadhesh N JhaAbstract:Purpose: Contaminants seldom occur in isolation in the aquatic environment. While pollution of coastal and inland water bodies has received considerable attention to date, there is limited informat...
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assessing relative biomarker responses in marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs following exposure to Phosphorus 32 32p application of genotoxicological and molecular biomarkers
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2020Co-Authors: Emily L Vernon, Tim P Bean, Awadhesh N JhaAbstract:Abstract Anthropogenic radionuclides can enter water bodies through accidental or controlled discharges. In order to assess their potential impact, understanding the link between exposure, tissue specific bioaccumulation and radiation dose rate, to biological or biomarker responses in aquatic biota is required. Adopting an integrated, multi-biomarker, multi-species approach, we have investigated potential biological responses induced by short-lived radionuclide, Phosphorus-32 (32P, radioPhosphorus) in two ecologically important mussel species, the freshwater Dreissena polymorpha (DP) and marine Mytilus galloprovincialis (MG). Adult individuals were exposed to 32P for 10 days, to acquire nominal whole-body average dose rates of 0.10, 1 and 10 mGy d−1, which encompass a screening value of 10 μGy h−1 (0.24 mGy d−1), in accordance with the ERICA tool. Following exposure, a suite of genotoxic biomarkers (DNA damage, γ-H2AX induction and micronucleus [MN] formation) were measured in gill and digestive gland tissues, along with transcriptional expression of selected stress-related genes in both the species (i.e. hsp70/90, sod, cat and gst). Our results demonstrate the relationship between tissue specific dosimetry, where 32P induced a dose-dependent increase, and biological responses independent of species. Gene expression analysis revealed little significant variation across species or tissues. Overall, MG appeared to be more sensitive to short-term damage (i.e. high DNA damage and γ-H2AX induction), particularly in digestive gland. This study contributes to limited knowledge on the transfer and biological impact of radionuclides within differing aquatic systems on a tissue specific level, aiding the development of adequate management and protective strategies.
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relative comparison of tissue specific bioaccumulation and radiation dose estimation in marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs following exposure to Phosphorus 32
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2018Co-Authors: Emily L Vernon, J T Smith, Awadhesh N JhaAbstract:Abstract With respect to environmental protection, understanding radionuclide bioconcentration is necessary to relate exposure to radiation dose and hence to biological responses. Few studies are available on tissue specific accumulation of short-lived radionuclides in aquatic invertebrates. Short-lived radionuclides such as 32Phosphorus (32P), although occurring in small quantities in the environment, are capable of concentrating in the biota, especially if they are chronically exposed. In this study, we firstly compared tissue specific bioaccumulation and release (depuration) of 32P in adult marine (Mytilus galloprovincialis, MG) and freshwater bivalve molluscs (Dreissena polymorpha, DP). Secondly, using the Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants Assessment and Management (ERICA) tool, we calculated tissue specific doses following determination of radionuclide concentration. Marine and freshwater bivalves were exposed for 10 days to varying 32P concentrations to acquire desired whole body average dose rates of 0.10, 1.0 and 10 mGy d−1. Dose rates encompass a screening dose rate value of 10 μGy h−1 (0.24 mGy d−1), in accordance with the ERICA tool. This study is the first to relate tissue specific uptake and release (via excretion) of 32P from two anatomically similar bivalve species. Results showed highly tissue specific accumulation of this radionuclide and similarity of accumulation pattern between the two species. Our data, which highlights preferential 32P accumulation in specific tissues such as digestive gland, demonstrates that in some cases, tissue-specific dose rates may be required to fully evaluate the potential effects of radiation exposure on non-human biota. Differential sensitivity between biological tissues could result in detrimental biological responses at levels presumed to be acceptable when adopting a ‘whole-body’ approach.
Niels Erik Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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direct evidence on participation of root hairs in Phosphorus 32 p uptake from soil
Plant and Soil, 1998Co-Authors: Tara Singh Gahoonia, Niels Erik NielsenAbstract:Root hairs substantially extend root surface for ion uptake. Although many reports suggest a relationship between root hairs and Phosphorus (P) uptake of plants, the role of root hairs in Phosphorus uptake from soils is still debated. We measured uptake of Phosphorus from soil directly via root hairs. Root hairs only were allowed to penetrate through a tightly stretched nylon screen (53 µm) glued to the bottom of a PVC tube. The penetrating root hairs grew for 2 and 4 days in soil labelled with radioisotope Phosphorus (P) tracer 32P (185 kBq g-1 dry soil) filled in another PVC tube. Transparent plastic rings of thickness ranging from 0.25 mm to 2.0 mm were inserted between the two PVC tubes. This provided slit width for microscopic observations in situ, which confirmed that only root hairs were growing into the 32P labelled soil. In some cases no rings were inserted (slit width = 0) where both root hairs and root surface were in contact with the labelled soil (total 32P uptake). The uptake of32 P from soil via the root hairs only was quantified by measuring activity of 32P in the plant shoot (32P uptake only via root hairs).
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direct evidence on participation of root hairs in Phosphorus 32 p uptake from soil
Plant and Soil, 1998Co-Authors: Tara Singh Gahoonia, Niels Erik NielsenAbstract:Root hairs substantially extend root surface for ion uptake. Although many reports suggest a relationship between root hairs and Phosphorus (P) uptake of plants, the role of root hairs in Phosphorus uptake from soils is still debated. We measured uptake of Phosphorus from soil directly via root hairs. Root hairs only were allowed to penetrate through a tightly stretched nylon screen (53 µm) glued to the bottom of a PVC tube. The penetrating root hairs grew for 2 and 4 days in soil labelled with radioisotope Phosphorus (P) tracer 32P (185 kBq g-1 dry soil) filled in another PVC tube. Transparent plastic rings of thickness ranging from 0.25 mm to 2.0 mm were inserted between the two PVC tubes. This provided slit width for microscopic observations in situ, which confirmed that only root hairs were growing into the 32P labelled soil. In some cases no rings were inserted (slit width = 0) where both root hairs and root surface were in contact with the labelled soil (total 32P uptake). The uptake of32 P from soil via the root hairs only was quantified by measuring activity of 32P in the plant shoot (32P uptake only via root hairs). The results showed that when 70 percent of the root hairs grew into the labelled soil, they contributed to 63 percent of the total P uptake. With decreasing number of root hairs growing into the 32P labelled soil, the quantity of 32P in the plant shoot decreased. In this study, P uptake via root hairs was measured in a soil-based system, where root hairs were the only pathway of 32P from soil to the plant shoot. Therefore, this study provides a strong evidence on the substantial participation of root hairs in uptake of Phosphorus from soil.
Rui Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of long term outcomes and toxicity after stereotactic Phosphorus 32 based intracavitary brachytherapy in patients with cystic craniopharyngioma
International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2021Co-Authors: Sebastian M Christ, Rui Liu, Yaming Wang, Bo Feng, Anand Mahadevan, Ekkehard M KasperAbstract:Purpose Interstitial brachytherapy based on Phosphorus-32 (P-32) has an established role as a minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with cystic craniopharyngioma. However, reporting on long-term outcomes with toxicity profiles for large cohorts is lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study is therefore to evaluate the long-term visual, endocrinal, and neurocognitive functions in what is the largest patient series having received this treatment to date. Methods and Materials We retrospectively evaluated 90 patients with cystic craniopharyngiomas who were treated with stereotactic intracavitary brachytherapy between 1998 and 2010. Colloidal activity of injected radioisotope P-32 was based on an even distribution within the tumor. After treatment, patients were followed-up for a minimum of 5 years and over a mean of 121 months (60-192 months) to assess radiographic and clinical responses. Results The 90 patients included in our study cohort underwent a total of 108 stereotactic surgical procedures for 129 craniopharyngioma-related cysts. Of the included tumors, 65 (72.2%) were associated with a single cyst, 15 (16.7%) were associated with 2 cysts, and 10 (11.1%) tumors had developed septations with 3 to 4 cysts. Stereotactic cyst puncture and content aspiration were used to drain a mean cyst fluid volume of 21.4 mL (1.0-55.0 mL). Each cyst was then instilled for interstitial brachytherapy with colloidal P-32 solution. Based on radiographic follow-up assessments, 56 cysts (43.4%) showed resolution and/or nonrecurrence, which was classified as a complete response to treatment; 47 cysts (36.4%) showed a partial response; and 5 cysts (3.9%) displayed a stable appearance. Treatment resulted in immediate and clinically significant vision improvement in 54 of 63 (86%) symptomatic patients, and this improvement was maintained. Progression-free survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 95.5% and 84.4%, respectively. Conclusions P-32–based interstitial brachytherapy can play an effective role in managing patients with cystic craniopharyngiomas. It can be considered a valid alternative to surgery in select patients with a favorable toxicity profile and long-term clinical outcomes.
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Phosphorus 32 interstitial radiotherapy for recurrent craniopharyngioma expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor 2 and imaging features of tumors are associated with tumor radiosensitivity
Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Jinhui Chen, Jianning Zhang, Yaming Wang, Yuhong Meng, Rui LiuAbstract:To investigate the relationship of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and imaging features with the therapeutic efficacy of Phosphorus-32 colloid interstitial radiotherapy in recurrent craniopharyngioma. Thirty-two patients with recurrent craniopharyngioma underwent Phosphorus-32 colloid interstitial radiotherapy. The tumor imaging features were classified into 4 types according to the thickness of the cyst wall and signals of the cyst contents as shown by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Protein expressions of VEGF and VEGFR-2 in craniopharyngioma tissues were evaluated with immunohistochemistry before radiotherapy. The tumor radiosensitivity was determined at 12 months after the interstitial radiotherapy. VEGF mainly expressed in the tumor cytoplasm, and VEGFR-2 expressed either in vascular endothelial cells or in tumor endothelial cells. VEGF/VEGFR-2 expressions varied significantly in cases sensitive or insensitive to the radiotherapy (VEGF: P = .028; VEGFR-2: P = .017). Tumor imaging features were associated with the therapeutic efficacy of interstitial radiotherapy (P = .000). VEGF expression had no association with the imaging features of tumors (P = .226), but VEGFR-2 expression was associated with the imaging features of tumors (P = .008). Our results confirmed the association among imaging features, VEGFR-2 expressions, and tumor radiosensitivity in craniopharyngiomas. Imaging features and VEGFR-2 expressions may add useful data to the radiosensitive assessment of craniopharyngiomas.
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drug distribution and clinical safety in treating cystic craniopharyngiomas using intracavitary radiotherapy with Phosphorus 32 colloid
Oncology Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Hongbo Chang, Jianning Zhang, Rui Liu, Yaming Wang, Weidong Cao, Hulin Zhao, Shengli GuoAbstract:The present study evaluated drug distribution and clinical safety in treating patients with cystic craniopharyngioma (CP) with intracavitary radiotherapy using Phosphorus-32 (32P) colloid. In total, 40 patients who were recently diagnosed with primary or recurrent cystic CP were enrolled into the study. Patients underwent stereotactic intracavitary therapy and were administered 32P colloid and iopamidol-300 (1:1 dilution). Head computed tomography (CT) scans were performed 2 h after surgery in order to assess drug distribution and leakage. Results obtained from the ophthalmic examination (visual acuity, visual field and fundus), enhanced head magnetic resonance imaging and/or CT scans, blood analysis, coagulation tests, electrolyte tests, pituitary hormone level analysis, and hepatic and renal function tests were compared between the 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mCi groups. The 32P colloid per minute radioactive count was quantitatively measured in urine and blood samples using a CAPRAC well-type NaI γ counter at 1, 3 and 7 days post-surgery. In total, 6, 2 and 1 case(s) from the 2, 1.5 and 1 mCi groups, respectively, demonstrated heterogeneous drug distribution and intracavitary cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Furthermore, out of 24 patients, no significant differences were identified in blood analysis, blood biochemical measurements and pituitary hormone levels prior to and 7 days after surgery. Blood 32P deposition returned to normal levels within 3 days after surgery, whereas urine deposition returned to normal within 7 days after surgery. Methods utilized in the present study were advantageous in terms of convenience, speed and low cost, therefore, these techniques are suitable for continuous monitoring of patient 32P colloid deposition.
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interstitial radiotherapy using Phosphorus 32 for giant posterior fossa cystic craniopharyngiomas
Journal of Neurosurgery, 2015Co-Authors: Jianning Zhang, Rui Liu, Yaming Wang, Hongwei Wang, Peng Wang, Jinhui Chen, Song LiuAbstract:OBJECT The treatment for giant posterior fossa cystic craniopharyngiomas remains an important challenge in neurosurgery. The authors evaluated the effects of treating 20 patients with giant posterior fossa cystic craniopharyngiomas using Phosphorus-32 (P-32) interstitial radiotherapy at their hospital. METHODS The patients included 11 boys and 9 girls with an age range of 3 to 168 months. Before treatment, the tumor volumes ranged from 65 to 215 ml. The intracranial pressure was increased in 16 patients, and optic nerve damage had occurred in 18. The patients received P-32 interstitial radiotherapy following stereotactic cyst-fluid aspiration or drainage and were followed up for 7–138 months. RESULTS The treatment immediately relieved the intracranial hypertension symptoms in all patients. At the end of follow-up, imaging examinations revealed that the cystic tumors had disappeared, but some residual calcification remained in 12 patients, and had decreased by more than 75% of the initial volume in 8 patie...
Dongsheng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Phosphorus 32 glass microspheres on human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2004Co-Authors: Dongsheng Zhang, Lu Liu, Liqiang Jin, Meiling WanAbstract:AIM To study the effects of Phosphorus-32 glass microspheres ((32)P-GMS) on human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. METHODS Human liver cancer cell line was implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 40 BALB/c nude mice. Then the 40 tumor-bearing BALB/ c nude mice were allocated into treatment group (n=32) and control group (n=8). In the former group different doses of (32)P-GMS were injected into the tumor mass, while in the latter nonradioactive (31)P-GMS was injected into the tumor mass. The experimental animals were sacrificed on the 14th day. The ultrastructural changes of tumor in both treatment group and control group were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and stereology. RESULTS In treatment group, a lot of tumor cells were killed and the death rate of tumor cells was much higher (35-70%). Ultrastructurally, severe nuclear damage was observed in the death cells. The characteristics of apoptosis such as margination of heterochromatin was also found in some tumor cells. Besides, well differentiated tumor cells, degenerative tumor cells and some lymphocytes were seen. The skin and muscle adjacent to the tumor were normal. In control group, the tumor consisted of poorly differentiated tumor cells, in which there were only a few of dead cells(5%). Stereological analysis of ultrastructural morphology showed that Vv of nuclei (53.31+/-3.46) and Vv of nucleoli(20.40+/-1.84) in the control group were larger than those(30.21+/-3.52 and 10.96+/-2.52) in the treatment group respectively (P<0.01), and Vv of RER (3.21+/-0.54) and Vv of mitochondria (4.53+/-0.89) in the control group were smaller than those (8.67+/-1.25 and 7.12+/-0.95) in the treatment group respectively (P<0.01, 0.05). Sv of the membrane of microvilli and canaliculi (27.12 um(2)/100 um(3)+/-11.84 um(2)/100 um(3)) in the control group was smaller than that (78.81 um(2)/100 um(3)+/- 19.69 um(2)/100 um(3)) in the treatment group (P<0.01). But Vv of lipid particles (3.71+/-1.97) and Vv of vacuoles (5.72+/-1.58) were much larger than those (0.30+/-0.16 and 0.35+/-0.15) in the treatment group respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The experimental results indicate that local administration of (32)P-GMS can produce obvious effect on liver cancer cells and the anticancer effect of (32)P-GMS is directly proportional to the dose administrated. Ultrastructural stereology can also show the effect of (32)P-GMS on the normalization of tumor cells, which is beneficial to the prognosis and treatment of patients. Moreover, local administration of (32)P-GMS is also safe.
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clinical and experimental study on regional administration of Phosphorus 32 glass microspheres in treating hepatic carcinoma
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 1999Co-Authors: Lu Liu, G Teng, J Song, W Fang, Dongsheng Zhang, Zao Jiang, Qingming Guo, Jinhe GuoAbstract:AIM: To study the therapeutical effectiveness, dosage range an d toxic adverse effects of domestic Phosphorus 32 glass microsphere and evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS: I. Fifty-two BALB/c tumor bearing male nude mice w ere allocated into treatment group ( n = 38) and control group ( n = 14). In the former group different doses of 32P-GMS were injected into the tumor mass, while in the latter 31P-GMS or no treatment was given. The experimental animals were sacrificed in batches, and then the tumors and their nearby tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. II. Through selective catheterizati on of hepatic artery, 32P-GMS was infused to 5 healthy domestic pigs in a dosage equivalent to the therapeutic dose for human being, and 31P-GMS was infused to another 5 healthy domestic pigs. Two pigs infused with con trast medium served as whole course blank controls. One pig from each group was surrendered to euthanasia at week 1, 4, 8 and 16 respectively. The ultrastructur al histopath-ological changes in liver tissues taken from different sites were evaluated semiquan-titatively. III. One hundred and twenty-seven times of 32P-GMS intrahepatic artery interventional therapies were performed on 93 patients with hepatic carcinoma, including 79 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma and 14 cases of secondary hepati c carcinoma. 32P-GMS ( n = 30), and group B, 32P-GMS and half-dose of trans-hepatic artery embolization ( TAE ) ( n = 49), and 18 patients with HCC by TAE only as control group C. Fourteen patients with secondary hepatic carcinoma were treated in the same way as group B or C. RESULTS: I. Comparing with the control group, the treatment group of tumor bearing nude mice attained the tumor inhibition rates of 59.7%-93.7% (F = 579.62, P < 0.01) at 14d. At an absorbed dose of 7320Gy, the tumor cells were completely destroyed. When the absorbed doses ranged from 1830Gy to 3660Gy, most of the tumor cells showed the evidences of injury or necrosis, but there appeared some well-differentiated tumor cells and enhanced effect of the autoimmunocytes. At an absorbed dose of 366Gy or less, some tumor cells still remained active proliferative ability. The definite anticancer effect appeared as early as 3d after intratumoral injection of 32P-GMS. II. The cumulative amount of 32P-GMS in the target tissue after trans-hepatic artery instillation attained more than 90% of the tot al dose administrated. Semiquantitative analysis of ultrastructral morphology in the experimental group showed no statistical difference between the nuclear abnormality ( nabn) and mitochondrial variability (Mvar) at week 1 or 2 , but revealed prominent difference ( χ2 = 6.70-9.68, P < 0.01, χ2 = 65.09-115.09, P < 0.001) as compared with those in the other groups. In the experimental group the nabn in tissues showed no significant difference between week 8 and week 16. no apparent changes were found in the stomach, spleen, kidney and lung tissues of the experimental pigs. III. The therapeutical results of HCC patients in group A were closely approximated to those of group C, no hematological toxic side effects were noted, and the systemic reaction was mild. In some patients 2 mos-3 mos after treatment some secondary foci appeared around the periphery of the primary lesion. In general better effectiveness was obtained in patients with small lesion. After analyzing by RIDIT method, the therapeutic result in group B was significantly better than that in group C, and secondary foci around the original lesion were rarely seen at 3mos after treatment. In group C the collateral circulation was reestablished along the periphery of primary foci and the secondary foci appeared more frequently, and were required to undergo several courses of treatment. In group B, 4 cases of HCC were treated surgically as their mass decreased in size after 32P-GMS treatment. Resected specimens showed that the tumor was encapsulated by fibrotic tissue and most of the tumor cells necrosed. The 3-year survival rates were 43.3%-51.0% after A and B regimen treatment. In 14 cases of secondary HCC, the foci were well controled within one year after-treatment. CONCLUSION: When the experimental model of implanted human liver cancer cells received 32P-GMS of 1830Gy-3660Gy, it produced excellent anticancer effect without any injury to the normal neighboring tissues and the prominent anticancer effect was shown within 3d after intratumoral injec tion. Intrahepatic arterial administration of 32P-GMS at the macrocosmic absorbed dosage less than 190 Gy/dose exerted reversible sub-lethal injury to domestic pig liver tissues. It took more than 8 weeks to repair the injured liver tissue and restore its function. 32P-GMS trans-hepatic artery embolization is an effective and safe regimen in treating hepatic carcinoma.