The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Atsushi Uchida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Entropy evaluation of white chaos generated by optical heterodyne for certifying Physical random number generators.
    Optics Express, 2020
    Co-Authors: Keigo Yoshiya, Yuta Terashima, Kazutaka Kanno, Atsushi Uchida
    Abstract:

    The Entropy of white chaos is evaluated to certify Physical random number generators. White chaos is generated from the electric subtraction of two optical heterodyne signals of two chaotic outputs in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. We use the statistical test suites of NIST Special Publication 800-90B for the evaluation of Physical Entropy sources of white chaos with an eight-bit resolution. The minimum value of Entropy is 2.1 for eight most significant bits data. The Entropy of white chaos is enhanced from that of the chaotic output of the semiconductor lasers. We evaluate the effect of detection noise and distinguish between the Entropy that originates from the white chaos and the detection noise. It is found that the Entropy of five most significant bits originates from white chaos. The minimum value of Entropy is 1.1 for five most significant bits data, and it is considered that the Entropy can be obtained at at least one bit per sample.

  • Recommendations and illustrations for the evaluation of photonic random number generators
    arXiv: Optics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Joseph D. Hart, Atsushi Uchida, Yuta Terashima, Gerald B. Baumgartner, Thomas E. Murphy
    Abstract:

    The never-ending quest to improve the security of digital information combined with recent improvements in hardware technology has caused the field of random number generation to undergo a fundamental shift from relying solely on pseudo-random algorithms to employing optical Entropy sources. Despite these significant advances on the hardware side, commonly used statistical measures and evaluation practices remain ill-suited to understand or quantify the optical Entropy that underlies Physical random number generation. We review the state of the art in the evaluation of optical random number generation and recommend a new paradigm: quantifying Entropy generation and understanding the Physical limits of the optical sources of randomness. In order to do this, we advocate for the separation of the Physical Entropy source from deterministic post-processing in the evaluation of random number generators and for the explicit consideration of the impact of the measurement and digitization process on the rate of en...

  • Fast Physical random bit generator based on chaotic semiconductor lasers: Application to quantum cryptography
    CLEO Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference, 2009
    Co-Authors: Atsushi Uchida, Kazuya Amano, Kunihito Hirano, Hiroyuki Someya, Shigeru Yoshimori, Kazuyuki Yoshimura, Peter Davis, Toshimori Honjo, Haruka Okumura, Yasuhiro Tokura
    Abstract:

    Implementations of quantum cryptography systems ideally require the generation of truly random numbers to randomly choose system transmission and detection parameters. Hence the availability of fast non-deterministic random bit generators is crucial for realising practical quantum cryptographic systems which can operate at high bit rates. Random Physical phenomena such as quantum optical noise, thermal noise in resistors and frequency jitter of oscillators have been used as Physical Entropy sources for non-deterministic random bit generation. However, the bit rates of available non-deterministic generators have been limited to tens of megabits per second due to limitations of the mechanisms for extracting bits from Physical noise. We have recently demonstrated that continuous streams of random bit sequences that pass standard statistical tests of randomness can be generated at fast rates of up to 1.7 Gbps (gigabits per second) by using two chaotic semiconductor lasers [1].

  • Characteristics of Fast Physical Random Bit Generation Using Chaotic Semiconductor Lasers
    IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kunihito Hirano, Atsushi Uchida, Kazuya Amano, Masaki Inoue, Sunao Naito, Shigeru Yoshimori, Kazuyuki Yoshimura, Peter Davis
    Abstract:

    We investigate the characteristics of fast random bit generation using chaotic semiconductor lasers. The optical amplitudes of two lasers with chaotic oscillations induced by optical feedback are each sampled at a fixed rate to extract binary bit sequences which are then combined by an exclusive-OR operation to obtain a single random bit sequence. Bit sequences generated at rate of 1 Giga bit per second are verified to pass statistical tests of randomness. We describe the dependence of randomness on laser parameters, in particular the injection current, the external cavity length and the feedback strength. The results provide clear empirical guidelines for tuning the chaotic laser parameters to achieve random bit sequences. This study shows that chaotic laser devices can be fast and reliable sources of Physical Entropy for computing and communication applications.

  • fast Physical random bit generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers
    Nature Photonics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Atsushi Uchida, Kazuya Amano, Masaki Inoue, Kunihito Hirano, Sunao Naito, Hiroyuki Someya, Isao Oowada, Takayuki Kurashige, Masaru Shiki
    Abstract:

    Random number generators in digital information systems make use of Physical Entropy sources such as electronic and photonic noise to add unpredictability to deterministically generated pseudo-random sequences1,2. However, there is a large gap between the generation rates achieved with existing Physical sources and the high data rates of many computation and communication systems; this is a fundamental weakness of these systems. Here we show that good quality random bit sequences can be generated at very fast bit rates using Physical chaos in semiconductor lasers. Streams of bits that pass standard statistical tests for randomness have been generated at rates of up to 1.7 Gbps by sampling the fluctuating optical output of two chaotic lasers. This rate is an order of magnitude faster than that of previously reported devices for Physical random bit generators with verified randomness. This means that the performance of random number generators can be greatly improved by using chaotic laser devices as Physical Entropy sources. Random-number generators are important in digital information systems. However, the speed at which current sources operate is much slower than the typical data rates used in communication and computing. Chaos in semiconductor lasers might help to bridge the gap.

Anhong Dang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • High-Speed and Bias-Free Optical Random Number Generator
    IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012
    Co-Authors: Anhong Dang
    Abstract:

    True randomness is critical to secure communication in both quantum and classical regimes. We propose an approach of true random number generation based on the intrinsic randomness of spontaneous emission. In this approach, a method of random bit extraction was employed to extract true random bits simultaneously as the measurement of the Physical Entropy source. The random bits generated by the true random number generators have been statistically verified to be bias-free and mutually independent. With the current experimental setup, 7 random bits can be generated in parallel at a rate up to 40 GHz.

Nagarajan Ranganathan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Behavioral model of integrated qubit gates for quantum reversible logic design
    2013 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI), 2013
    Co-Authors: Matthew Lewandowski, Nagarajan Ranganathan, Matthew Morrison
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is gaining significant consideration as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on Physical Entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow schemes for computer architectures using improved quantum computer algorithms. We present a VHDL behavioral model for the design and simulation of the quantum interactions of qubits in theoretical reversible logic structures. Modeling IQ gates, as opposed to only Control-V gates or Toffoli gates, allows for a more robust model that more accurately reflects a theoretical reversible computing structure. This method is an extension to existing programming language and modeling method that allows for reversible logic structures to be designed, simulated, and verified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the behavioral model of integrated qubit gates.

  • Design of a Reversible ALU Based on Novel Programmable Reversible Logic Gate Structures
    2011 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Morrison, Nagarajan Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is widely being considered as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on Physical Entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow for improved quantum computer algorithms and schemes for corresponding computer architectures. Significant contributions have been made in the literature towards the design of reversible logic gate structures and arithmetic units, however, there are not many efforts directed towards the design of reversible ALUs. In this paper, we propose the design of two programmable reversible logic gate structures targeted at ALU implementation and their use in the realization of an efficient reversible ALU is demonstrated. The proposed ALU design is verified and its advantages over the only existing ALU design are quantitatively analyzed.

  • ISVLSI - Design of a Reversible ALU Based on Novel Programmable Reversible Logic Gate Structures
    2011 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Morrison, Nagarajan Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is widely being considered as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on Physical Entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow for improved quantum computer algorithms and schemes for corresponding computer architectures. Significant contributions have been made in the literature towards the design of reversible logic gate structures and arithmetic units, however, there are not many efforts directed towards the design of reversible ALUs. In this paper, we propose the design of two programmable reversible logic gate structures targeted at ALU implementation and their use in the realization of an efficient reversible ALU is demonstrated. The proposed ALU design is verified and its advantages over the only existing ALU design are quantitatively analyzed.

  • Design of a Moore finite state machine using a novel reversible logic gate, decoder and synchronous up-counter
    2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Morrison, Nagarajan Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is an emerging nanotechnology widely being considered as the potential logic design and implementation of nanotechnology and quantum computing with the main goal of reducing Physical Entropy gain. Recent advances in reversible logic allow for new avenues in the implementation of reversible combinational circuits. Part of this advancement is the design and implementation of a finite state machine. A proposed novel 4*4 RD gate implemented as a 2-to-4 decoder with low delay and cost is presented, and a novel 4*4 R2D gate used in the implementation of a novel n-to-2n decoder with low cost and delay. A reversible synchronous up-down counter is presented and verified, and a reduced reversible implementation of a JK Flip Flop is implemented in a reduced reversible synchronous up-down counter. This decoder and counter are then utilized in the design of a reversible Moore finite state machine.

  • Design of a novel reversible ALU using an enhanced carry look- ahead adder
    2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Morrison, Matthew Lewandowski, Richard Meana, Nagarajan Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is gaining significant consideration as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on Physical Entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow schemes for computer architectures using improved quantum computer algorithms. Significant contributions have been made in the literature towards the design of reversible logic gate structures and arithmetic units, however, there are not many efforts directed towards the design of reversible ALUs. In this work, a novel programmable reversible logic gate is presented and verified, and its implementation in the design of a reversible Arithmetic Logic Unit is demonstrated. Then, reversible implementations of ripple-carry, carry-select and Kogge-Stone carry look-ahead adders are analyzed and compared. Next, implementations of the Kogge-Stone adder with sparsity-4, 8 and 16 were designed, verified and compared. The enhanced sparsity-4 Kogge-Stone adder with ripple-carry adders was selected as the best design, and its implemented in the design of a 32-bit arithmetic logic unit is demonstrated.

Matthew Morrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Behavioral model of integrated qubit gates for quantum reversible logic design
    2013 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI), 2013
    Co-Authors: Matthew Lewandowski, Nagarajan Ranganathan, Matthew Morrison
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is gaining significant consideration as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on Physical Entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow schemes for computer architectures using improved quantum computer algorithms. We present a VHDL behavioral model for the design and simulation of the quantum interactions of qubits in theoretical reversible logic structures. Modeling IQ gates, as opposed to only Control-V gates or Toffoli gates, allows for a more robust model that more accurately reflects a theoretical reversible computing structure. This method is an extension to existing programming language and modeling method that allows for reversible logic structures to be designed, simulated, and verified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the behavioral model of integrated qubit gates.

  • Design of a Reversible ALU Based on Novel Programmable Reversible Logic Gate Structures
    2011 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Morrison, Nagarajan Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is widely being considered as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on Physical Entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow for improved quantum computer algorithms and schemes for corresponding computer architectures. Significant contributions have been made in the literature towards the design of reversible logic gate structures and arithmetic units, however, there are not many efforts directed towards the design of reversible ALUs. In this paper, we propose the design of two programmable reversible logic gate structures targeted at ALU implementation and their use in the realization of an efficient reversible ALU is demonstrated. The proposed ALU design is verified and its advantages over the only existing ALU design are quantitatively analyzed.

  • ISVLSI - Design of a Reversible ALU Based on Novel Programmable Reversible Logic Gate Structures
    2011 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Morrison, Nagarajan Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is widely being considered as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on Physical Entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow for improved quantum computer algorithms and schemes for corresponding computer architectures. Significant contributions have been made in the literature towards the design of reversible logic gate structures and arithmetic units, however, there are not many efforts directed towards the design of reversible ALUs. In this paper, we propose the design of two programmable reversible logic gate structures targeted at ALU implementation and their use in the realization of an efficient reversible ALU is demonstrated. The proposed ALU design is verified and its advantages over the only existing ALU design are quantitatively analyzed.

  • Design of a Moore finite state machine using a novel reversible logic gate, decoder and synchronous up-counter
    2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Morrison, Nagarajan Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is an emerging nanotechnology widely being considered as the potential logic design and implementation of nanotechnology and quantum computing with the main goal of reducing Physical Entropy gain. Recent advances in reversible logic allow for new avenues in the implementation of reversible combinational circuits. Part of this advancement is the design and implementation of a finite state machine. A proposed novel 4*4 RD gate implemented as a 2-to-4 decoder with low delay and cost is presented, and a novel 4*4 R2D gate used in the implementation of a novel n-to-2n decoder with low cost and delay. A reversible synchronous up-down counter is presented and verified, and a reduced reversible implementation of a JK Flip Flop is implemented in a reduced reversible synchronous up-down counter. This decoder and counter are then utilized in the design of a reversible Moore finite state machine.

  • Design of a novel reversible ALU using an enhanced carry look- ahead adder
    2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Matthew Morrison, Matthew Lewandowski, Richard Meana, Nagarajan Ranganathan
    Abstract:

    Reversible logic is gaining significant consideration as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on Physical Entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow schemes for computer architectures using improved quantum computer algorithms. Significant contributions have been made in the literature towards the design of reversible logic gate structures and arithmetic units, however, there are not many efforts directed towards the design of reversible ALUs. In this work, a novel programmable reversible logic gate is presented and verified, and its implementation in the design of a reversible Arithmetic Logic Unit is demonstrated. Then, reversible implementations of ripple-carry, carry-select and Kogge-Stone carry look-ahead adders are analyzed and compared. Next, implementations of the Kogge-Stone adder with sparsity-4, 8 and 16 were designed, verified and compared. The enhanced sparsity-4 Kogge-Stone adder with ripple-carry adders was selected as the best design, and its implemented in the design of a 32-bit arithmetic logic unit is demonstrated.

Kunihito Hirano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fast Physical random bit generator based on chaotic semiconductor lasers: Application to quantum cryptography
    CLEO Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference, 2009
    Co-Authors: Atsushi Uchida, Kazuya Amano, Kunihito Hirano, Hiroyuki Someya, Shigeru Yoshimori, Kazuyuki Yoshimura, Peter Davis, Toshimori Honjo, Haruka Okumura, Yasuhiro Tokura
    Abstract:

    Implementations of quantum cryptography systems ideally require the generation of truly random numbers to randomly choose system transmission and detection parameters. Hence the availability of fast non-deterministic random bit generators is crucial for realising practical quantum cryptographic systems which can operate at high bit rates. Random Physical phenomena such as quantum optical noise, thermal noise in resistors and frequency jitter of oscillators have been used as Physical Entropy sources for non-deterministic random bit generation. However, the bit rates of available non-deterministic generators have been limited to tens of megabits per second due to limitations of the mechanisms for extracting bits from Physical noise. We have recently demonstrated that continuous streams of random bit sequences that pass standard statistical tests of randomness can be generated at fast rates of up to 1.7 Gbps (gigabits per second) by using two chaotic semiconductor lasers [1].

  • Characteristics of Fast Physical Random Bit Generation Using Chaotic Semiconductor Lasers
    IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kunihito Hirano, Atsushi Uchida, Kazuya Amano, Masaki Inoue, Sunao Naito, Shigeru Yoshimori, Kazuyuki Yoshimura, Peter Davis
    Abstract:

    We investigate the characteristics of fast random bit generation using chaotic semiconductor lasers. The optical amplitudes of two lasers with chaotic oscillations induced by optical feedback are each sampled at a fixed rate to extract binary bit sequences which are then combined by an exclusive-OR operation to obtain a single random bit sequence. Bit sequences generated at rate of 1 Giga bit per second are verified to pass statistical tests of randomness. We describe the dependence of randomness on laser parameters, in particular the injection current, the external cavity length and the feedback strength. The results provide clear empirical guidelines for tuning the chaotic laser parameters to achieve random bit sequences. This study shows that chaotic laser devices can be fast and reliable sources of Physical Entropy for computing and communication applications.

  • fast Physical random bit generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers
    Nature Photonics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Atsushi Uchida, Kazuya Amano, Masaki Inoue, Kunihito Hirano, Sunao Naito, Hiroyuki Someya, Isao Oowada, Takayuki Kurashige, Masaru Shiki
    Abstract:

    Random number generators in digital information systems make use of Physical Entropy sources such as electronic and photonic noise to add unpredictability to deterministically generated pseudo-random sequences1,2. However, there is a large gap between the generation rates achieved with existing Physical sources and the high data rates of many computation and communication systems; this is a fundamental weakness of these systems. Here we show that good quality random bit sequences can be generated at very fast bit rates using Physical chaos in semiconductor lasers. Streams of bits that pass standard statistical tests for randomness have been generated at rates of up to 1.7 Gbps by sampling the fluctuating optical output of two chaotic lasers. This rate is an order of magnitude faster than that of previously reported devices for Physical random bit generators with verified randomness. This means that the performance of random number generators can be greatly improved by using chaotic laser devices as Physical Entropy sources. Random-number generators are important in digital information systems. However, the speed at which current sources operate is much slower than the typical data rates used in communication and computing. Chaos in semiconductor lasers might help to bridge the gap.