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Xingguo Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Physical Injury stimulates aerobic methane emissions from terrestrial plants
Biogeosciences, 2009Co-Authors: Z.-p. Wang, J. Gulledge, W. Liu, Jianqiu Zheng, Xingguo HanAbstract:Abstract. Physical Injury is common in terrestrial plants as a result of grazing, harvesting, trampling, and extreme weather events. Previous studies demonstrated enhanced emission of non-microbial CH4 under aerobic conditions from plant tissues when they were exposed to increasing UV radiation and temperature. Since Physical Injury is also a form of environmental stress, we sought to determine whether it would also affect CH4 emissions from plants. Physical Injury (cutting) stimulated CH4 emission from fresh twigs of Artemisia species under aerobic conditions. More cutting resulted in more CH4 emissions. Hypoxia also enhanced CH4 emission from both uncut and cut Artemisia frigida twigs. Physical Injury typically results in cell wall degradation, which may either stimulate formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or decrease scavenging of them. Increased ROS activity might explain increased CH4 emission in response to Physical Injury and other forms of stress. There were significant differences in CH4 emissions among 10 species of Artemisia, with some species emitting no detectable CH4 under any circumstances. Consequently, CH4 emissions may be species-dependent and therefore difficult to estimate in nature based on total plant biomass. Our results and those of previous studies suggest that a variety of environmental stresses stimulate CH4 emission from a wide variety of plant species. Global change processes, including climate change, depletion of stratospheric ozone, increasing ground-level ozone, spread of plant pests, and land-use changes, could cause more stress in plants on a global scale, potentially stimulating more CH4 emission globally.
Z.-p. Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Physical Injury stimulates aerobic methane emissions from terrestrial plants
Biogeosciences, 2009Co-Authors: Z.-p. Wang, J. Gulledge, W. Liu, Jianqiu Zheng, Xingguo HanAbstract:Abstract. Physical Injury is common in terrestrial plants as a result of grazing, harvesting, trampling, and extreme weather events. Previous studies demonstrated enhanced emission of non-microbial CH4 under aerobic conditions from plant tissues when they were exposed to increasing UV radiation and temperature. Since Physical Injury is also a form of environmental stress, we sought to determine whether it would also affect CH4 emissions from plants. Physical Injury (cutting) stimulated CH4 emission from fresh twigs of Artemisia species under aerobic conditions. More cutting resulted in more CH4 emissions. Hypoxia also enhanced CH4 emission from both uncut and cut Artemisia frigida twigs. Physical Injury typically results in cell wall degradation, which may either stimulate formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or decrease scavenging of them. Increased ROS activity might explain increased CH4 emission in response to Physical Injury and other forms of stress. There were significant differences in CH4 emissions among 10 species of Artemisia, with some species emitting no detectable CH4 under any circumstances. Consequently, CH4 emissions may be species-dependent and therefore difficult to estimate in nature based on total plant biomass. Our results and those of previous studies suggest that a variety of environmental stresses stimulate CH4 emission from a wide variety of plant species. Global change processes, including climate change, depletion of stratospheric ozone, increasing ground-level ozone, spread of plant pests, and land-use changes, could cause more stress in plants on a global scale, potentially stimulating more CH4 emission globally.
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Physical Injury stimulates aerobic methane emissions from terrestrial plants
Biogeosciences Discussions, 2009Co-Authors: Z.-p. Wang, J. Gulledge, J.-q. Zheng, W. Liu, X.-g. HanAbstract:Abstract. Physical Injury is common in terrestrial plants as a result of grazing, trampling, and extreme weather events. Previous studies demonstrated enhanced emission of non-microbial CH4 under aerobic conditions from plant tissues when they were exposed to increasing UV radiation and temperature. Since Physical Injury is also a form of environmental stress, we sought to determine whether it would also affect CH4 emissions from plants. Physical Injury (cutting) stimulated CH4 emission from fresh twigs of Artemisiaspecies under aerobic conditions. More cutting resulted in more CH4 emissions. Hypoxia also enhanced CH4 emission from both uncut and cut Artemisia frigida twigs. Physical Injury typically results in cell wall degradation, which may either stimulate formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or decrease scavenging of them. Increased ROS activity might explain increased CH4 emission in response to Physical Injury and other forms of stress. There were significant differences in CH4 emissions among 10 species of Artemisia, with some species emitting no detectable CH4 under any circumstances. Consequently, CH4 emissions may be species-dependent and therefore difficult to estimate in nature based on total plant biomass. Our results and those of previous studies suggest that a variety environmental stresses stimulate CH4 emission from a wide variety of plant species. Global change processes, including climate change, depletion of stratospheric ozone, increasing ground-level ozone, spread of plant pests, and land-use changes, could cause more stress in plants on a global scale, potentially stimulating more CH4 emission globally.
Johan Hallqvist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Do episodes of peer victimization trigger Physical Injury? A case-crossover study of Swedish school children.
Scandinavian journal of public health, 2005Co-Authors: Karin Engström, Johan Hallqvist, Jette Möller, Lucie LaflammeAbstract:AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate how long the effect of peer victimization on the occurrence of Physical Injury lasts and whether the effect varies according to how frequently an injured child is victimized. METHODS: A case-crossover design was employed. Children aged 10-15 years residing in Stockholm County during two consecutive school years were eligible as cases. Further inclusion criteria were that the children had been hospitalized or called back for a medical check-up due to a Physical Injury. Information on children's exposure to peer victimization at school was gathered in interviews, and on their social characteristics through a questionnaire filled in by parents. A total of 575 children were included. RESULTS: Our analyses show that there is an increase in risk of unintentional Injury after an episode of peer victimization shortly after the end of exposure to victimization (RR = 5.5) but not thereafter. The risk is substantially higher among children seldom victimized (RR = 49.9) than among those victimized on a more regular basis (RR = 2.5). The extent to which family social circumstances modify the risk is difficult to establish from the material at hand. CONCLUSION: Peer victimization may trigger the occurrence of unintentional injuries in childhood and the effect is short lasting. The results need to be replicated and special attention should be given to separating lesson time from break time to avoid confounding by time of day.
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is perceived failure in school performance a trigger of Physical Injury a case crossover study of children in stockholm county
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2004Co-Authors: Lucie Laflamme, Karin Engström, Jette Möller, Johan HallqvistAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether perceived failure in school performance increases the potential for children to be Physically injured. SUBJECTS: Children aged 10-15 years residing in the Stockholm County and hospitalised or called back for a medical check up because of a Physical Injury during the school years 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 (n = 592). METHODS: A case-crossover design was used and information on potential Injury triggers was gathered by interview. Information about family socioeconomic circumstances was gathered by a questionnaire filled in by parents during the child interview (response rate 87%). RESULTS: Perceived failure in school performance has the potential to trigger Injury within up to 10 hours subsequent to exposure (relative risk = 2.70; 95% confidence intervals = 1.2 to 5.8). The risk is significantly higher among pre-adolescents and among children from families at a higher education level. CONCLUSIONS: Experiencing feelings of failure may affect children's Physical safety, in particular among pre-adolescents. Possible mechanisms are perceptual deficits and response changes occasioned by the stress experienced after exposure.
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is perceived failure in school performance a trigger of Physical Injury a case crossover study of children in stockholm county journal of epidemiology and community health
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2004Co-Authors: Lucie Laflamme, Karin Engström, Jette Möller, Johan HallqvistAbstract:Is perceived failure in school performance a trigger of Physical Injury? A case-crossover study of children in Stockholm County : Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Linda O. Eckert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Physical Injury after sexual assault: findings of a large case series.
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2004Co-Authors: N.f Sugar, D.n Fine, Linda O. EckertAbstract:Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to determine characteristics associated with Physical Injury in female sexual assault victims. Study design All females who were 15 years or older presenting after sexual assault to an urban emergency department during a 34-month period underwent standardized evaluation. Analysis was performed by χ 2 and logistic regression. Results Of 819 women, 52% had general body and 20% had genital-anal trauma; 41% were without Injury. General body trauma was independently associated with being hit or kicked (odds ratio [OR]=7.7, 95% CI, 5.1-11.7), attempted strangulation (OR=4.2, 95% CI, 2.5-7.2), oral or anal penetration (OR=1.7, 95% CI, 1.2-2.3), and stranger (OR=2.4, 95% CI, 1.7-3.4) assault. Genital-anal Injury was more frequent in victims younger than 20 and older than 49 years ( P Conclusion General body Injury is primarily associated with situational factors, whereas genital-anal Injury is less frequent and related to victim age, virginal status, and time to examination.
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Correlates of Physical Injury in sexual assault patients
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2001Co-Authors: Linda O. Eckert, N.f Sugar, David FineAbstract:Abstract Objective: To correlate historic and Physical examination findings in female sexual assault victims. Methods: All adult women between January 1997 and September 1999 reporting to an urban hospital after sexual assault underwent a standardized history and Physical examination by a resident in obstetrics and gynecology (n = 819). Retrospective data abstraction was verified. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of nongenital and genitoanal trauma. Results: Mean age was 29.3 years (SD = 11.9, range 15–87). Of the women, 35% were nonwhite, 26% had major psychiatric diagnoses, and 10% were homeless. Fifty three percent had recent alcohol or drug (AOD) use. Nongenital trauma was found in 52%. Measures independently associated with nongenital trauma were: age younger than 20 or older than 49 (ref., 20–49, OR 2.0, 3.8), assault by stranger (OR = 1.9), assault by an intimate partner (OR = 1.7), being choked (OR = 3.9), or being anally raped (OR = 1.6). Genitoanal trauma, identified in 194 of 762 patients (26%), was independently associated with age ( 49, OR = 1.2, ref. 20–49), anal rape (OR = 1.8), virginal status (OR = 3.7), and those with general body trauma (OR = 1.8). Relationship, number of assailants, and substance use were not associated with genitoanal trauma. Conclusion: More violent sexual assaults were by strangers or intimate partners, or involved anal rape, but the absence of Physical Injury is frequent. Prevention and treatment strategies should target vulnerable populations, including those with substance use and psychiatric illness.
Todd C Buckley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of severity of Physical Injury and perception of life threat in the development of post traumatic stress disorder in motor vehicle accident victims
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1995Co-Authors: Edward B Blanchard, Edward J Hickling, Neil Mitnick, Ann E Taylor, Warren R Loos, Todd C BuckleyAbstract:For 98 victims of recent (1 to 4 months post-accident) motor vehicle accidents who sought medical attention as a result of the accident, we obtained data on the extent of Physical Injury using blind ratings with the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), as well as victims reports of their perceptions of how much danger they perceived at the time of the accident and the degree of life threat (fear of dying) they perceived. AIS scores significantly predicted (P < 0.01) development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (r point biserial = 0.302) and development of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (r = 0.311) as did perception of life threat (r point biserial = 0.294 for PTSD and r = 0.229 for PTSS). A multiple regression equation combining AIS and life threat accounted for 12.2% of variance in PTSS scores.