The Experts below are selected from a list of 153 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Thomas Frodl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of emotion recognition and voluntary attentional regulation in depression a generalized psycho Physiological Interaction study
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 2017
    Co-Authors: Leonardo Tozzi, Kelly Doolin, Chloe Farrel, Sojo Joseph, Veronica Okeane, Thomas Frodl
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Major depression is characterized by an impaired ability to evaluate and modify emotional responses as well as attention deficits, however the neural origins of these features are unresolved. The aim of the study was to investigate activation and functional connectivity changes during recognition and voluntary attentional regulation of emotion in 34 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to 35 controls. Methods We employed an fMRI task in which participants assessed the valence or the shape of emotional stimuli. Then we analysed BOLD responses and functional connectivity using psycho-Physiological Interaction during the two conditions. Results Patients showed more incorrect responses across both trial types. Recognition trials recruited areas belonging to the ventral system, which is involved in the generation and automatic processing of emotion. Shift of attention away from the emotional content activated areas belonging to the dorsal emotion regulation system. Patients showed hyper-connectivity between and within the default mode and task positive networks. While shifting attention away from emotion, patients had a reduced response of the anterior insula and increased connectivity across areas involved in emotion generation and regulation. Connectivity between the amygdala and visual areas was also altered in patients compared to controls during evaluation of negative and positive pictures, which might be related to biased valence processing. Finally, during regulation of negative trials and recognition of positive trials patients showed decreased coupling in areas involved in attention allocation and emotional regulation. Limitations Most of the patients were medicated, although potential effects of treatment were investigated. Conclusions Overall, our findings are compatible with abnormal functional coupling in MDD of regions involved in perception, recognition and attention allocation, especially during regulation of negative images and valence evaluation of positive images.

Leonardo Tozzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of emotion recognition and voluntary attentional regulation in depression a generalized psycho Physiological Interaction study
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 2017
    Co-Authors: Leonardo Tozzi, Kelly Doolin, Chloe Farrel, Sojo Joseph, Veronica Okeane, Thomas Frodl
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Major depression is characterized by an impaired ability to evaluate and modify emotional responses as well as attention deficits, however the neural origins of these features are unresolved. The aim of the study was to investigate activation and functional connectivity changes during recognition and voluntary attentional regulation of emotion in 34 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to 35 controls. Methods We employed an fMRI task in which participants assessed the valence or the shape of emotional stimuli. Then we analysed BOLD responses and functional connectivity using psycho-Physiological Interaction during the two conditions. Results Patients showed more incorrect responses across both trial types. Recognition trials recruited areas belonging to the ventral system, which is involved in the generation and automatic processing of emotion. Shift of attention away from the emotional content activated areas belonging to the dorsal emotion regulation system. Patients showed hyper-connectivity between and within the default mode and task positive networks. While shifting attention away from emotion, patients had a reduced response of the anterior insula and increased connectivity across areas involved in emotion generation and regulation. Connectivity between the amygdala and visual areas was also altered in patients compared to controls during evaluation of negative and positive pictures, which might be related to biased valence processing. Finally, during regulation of negative trials and recognition of positive trials patients showed decreased coupling in areas involved in attention allocation and emotional regulation. Limitations Most of the patients were medicated, although potential effects of treatment were investigated. Conclusions Overall, our findings are compatible with abnormal functional coupling in MDD of regions involved in perception, recognition and attention allocation, especially during regulation of negative images and valence evaluation of positive images.

Adom González - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The mechanical hypothesis of excitation—contraction (EC) coupling in skeletal muscle
    Journal of Muscle Research & Cell Motility, 1991
    Co-Authors: Eduardo Ríos, Jianjie Ma, Adom González
    Abstract:

    The mechanism of transmission in skeletal muscle EC coupling is still an open question. There is some indirect evidence in favour of the mechanical coupling hypothesis, deriving mostly from consideration of the structure of the Ca^2+ release channel protein. A new functional approach is proposed, that consists in comparing the properties of the complete system — EC coupling in a skeletal muscle fibre — with those of the EC coupling molecules in bilayers. In this approach, those properties of the whole system that are not traceable to its constitutive molecules, are ascribed to the Physiological Interaction, and are expected to yield new information on the nature of this Interaction.

Elena Brioni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Physiological Interaction between α adducin and wnk1 nedd4l pathways on sodium related blood pressure regulation
    Hypertension, 2008
    Co-Authors: Paolo Manunta, Gail Lavery, Peter S Braund, Claire Bodycote, Cristina Tantardini, Simona Delli Carpini, Marco Simonini, Laura Zagato, Chiara Lanzani, Elena Brioni
    Abstract:

    The kidney plays an important role in salt and blood pressure (BP) homeostasis. In previous studies, variants in the genes for α-adducin (ADD1), WNK1, and NEDD4L, which all regulate renal sodium absorption, have been associated with increased BP. However, findings have been inconsistent. We tested whether this is because of Physiological Interactions between the effects of variants in these genes. We assessed the single and combined effects of the ADD1 (Gly460Trp), WNK1 (rs880054 A/G), and NEDD4L (rs4149601 G/A) polymorphisms on renal and BP response to an acute Na load (n=344 subjects), BP decrease after 1 month of treatment with 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (n=193), and ambulatory 24-hour BP (n=690). Individually, the variants showed modest effects on some of the studied phenotypes. We found the ADD1 Trp allele to be permissive for the effects of variants of the other genes. In combination, the same variants (ADD1 Trp/WNK1 GG/Nedd4L GA+AA) showed a consistent effect on renal Na handling ( P =0.009) and acute BP response to a saline infusion ( P =0.021), BP lowering after thiazide treatment ( P =0.008), and nocturnal systolic BP ( P =0.044). Physiological Interaction between the ADD1 and WNK1-NEDD4L pathways influences the effects of variants in these genes on sodium-related BP regulation. Relatively common alleles in the ADD1, WNK1, and NEDD4L genes when present in combination may have significant effects on renal sodium handling, BP, and antihypertensive response to thiazides.

Eduardo Ríos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The mechanical hypothesis of excitation—contraction (EC) coupling in skeletal muscle
    Journal of Muscle Research & Cell Motility, 1991
    Co-Authors: Eduardo Ríos, Jianjie Ma, Adom González
    Abstract:

    The mechanism of transmission in skeletal muscle EC coupling is still an open question. There is some indirect evidence in favour of the mechanical coupling hypothesis, deriving mostly from consideration of the structure of the Ca^2+ release channel protein. A new functional approach is proposed, that consists in comparing the properties of the complete system — EC coupling in a skeletal muscle fibre — with those of the EC coupling molecules in bilayers. In this approach, those properties of the whole system that are not traceable to its constitutive molecules, are ascribed to the Physiological Interaction, and are expected to yield new information on the nature of this Interaction.