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Gunter G C Kuhnle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phytoestrogen consumption and association with breast prostate and colorectal cancer in epic norfolk
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heather Ward, Gunter G C Kuhnle
    Abstract:

    Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic secondary plant metabolites that have structural and functional similarities to 17β-oestradiol and have been associated with a protective effect against hormone-related cancers. Most foods in the UK only contain small amounts of Phytoestrogens (median content 21 μg/100 g) and the highest content is found in soya and soya-containing foods. The highest Phytoestrogen content in commonly consumed foods is found in breads (average content 450 μg/100 g), the main source of isoflavones in the UK diet. The Phytoestrogen consumption in cases and controls was considerably lower than in Asian countries. No significant associations between Phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study in EPIC Norfolk were found. Conversely, colorectal cancer risk was inversely associated with enterolignan intake in women but not in men. Prostate cancer risk was positively associated with enterolignan intake, however this association became non-significant when adjusting for dairy intake, suggesting that enterolignans can act as a surrogate marker for dairy or calcium intake.

  • breast colorectal and prostate cancer risk in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition norfolk in relation to Phytoestrogen intake derived from an improved database
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heather Ward, Robert N. Luben, Angela A. Mulligan, Gunter G C Kuhnle, Marleen A H Lentjes, Kay-tee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: The characterization of Phytoestrogen intake and cancer risk has been hindered by the absence of accurate dietary Phytoestrogen values. Objective: We examined the risk of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers relative to Phytoestrogen intake on the basis of a comprehensive database. Design: Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, a medical history, and 7-d records of diet were collected prospectively from participants (aged 40–79 y) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Five hundred nine food items were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, and 13C3-labeled internal standards were analyzed for isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin A, and formononetin), lignans (secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol), and enterolignans from gut microbial metabolism in animal food sources (equol and enterolactone). From the direct analysis, values for 10,708 foods were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for breast (244 cases, 941 controls), colorectal (221 cases, 886 controls), and prostate (204 cases, 812 controls) cancers were calculated relative to Phytoestrogen intake. Results: Phytoestrogen intake was not associated with breast cancer among women or colorectal cancer among men. Among women, colorectal cancer risk was inversely associated with enterolactone (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) and total enterolignans (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.79), with a positive trend detected for secoisolariciresinol (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.96, 2.69). A positive trend between enterolignan intake and prostate cancer risk (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.66) was attenuated after adjustment for dairy intake (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.82). Conclusion: Dietary Phytoestrogens may contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer among women and prostate cancer among men.

  • Phytoestrogen content of fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in the uk based on lc ms and 13c labelled standards
    Food Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gunter G C Kuhnle, Sue M. Aspinall, Shirley A Runswick, Angela A. Mulligan, Caterina Dellaquila, Annemiek M C P Joosen, Sheila Bingham
    Abstract:

    Abstract Phytoestrogens are a group of non-steroidal secondary plant metabolites with structural and functional similarity to 17β-oestradiol. Urinary and plasma Phytoestrogens have been used as biomarkers for dietary intake, however, this is often not possible in large epidemiological studies or to assess general exposure in free-living individuals. Accurate information about dietary Phytoestrogens is therefore important but there is very limited data concerning food contents. In this study, we analysed the Phytoestrogen (isoflavone, lignan and coumestrol) content in more than 240 different foods based on fresh and processed fruits and vegetables using a newly developed sensitive method based on LC–MS incorporating 13C3-labelled standards. Phytoestrogens were detected in all foods analysed with a median content of 20 μg/100 g wet weight (isoflavones: 2 μg/100 g; lignans 12 μg/100 g). Most foods contained less than 100 μg/100 g, however, 5% of foods analysed contained more than 400 μg/100 g, in particular soya-based foods and other legumes. The results published here will contribute to databases of dietary Phytoestrogen content and allow the more accurate determination of Phytoestrogen exposure in free-living individuals.

  • Phytoestrogen content of cereals and cereal-based foods consumed in the UK.
    Nutrition and Cancer, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gunter G C Kuhnle, Caterina Dell’aquila, Sue M. Aspinall, Shirley A Runswick, Angela A. Mulligan, Sheila Bingham
    Abstract:

    Dietary Phytoestrogens may be involved in the occurrence of chronic diseases. Reliable information on the Phytoestrogen content in foods is required to assess dietary exposure and disease risk in epidemiological studies. However, there is little information on isoflavone, lignan, and coumestrol content of cereals and cereal-based foods, leading to an underestimation of intake. This is the first study of Phytoestrogens (isoflavones: biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, glycitein; lignans: matairesinol, secoisplariciresinol; coumestrol) in a comprehensive selection of 101 cereals and cereal-based foods—including breads, breakfast cereals, biscuits, pasta and rice—consumed in the UK using a sensitive LCMS technique with 13 C-labelled internal standards. Phytoestrogens were detected in all foods analyzed; bread contained the highest amount of Phytoestrogens—many as isoflavones—with an average content of 375 ± 67 μ g/100 g wet weight (excluding soya-linseed bread with 12,000 μ g/100 g). Most other f...

  • Phytoestrogen Content of Cereals and Cereal-Based Foods Consumed in the UK
    Nutrition and Cancer, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gunter G C Kuhnle, Caterina Dell’aquila, Sue M. Aspinall, Shirley A Runswick, Angela A. Mulligan, Sheila Bingham
    Abstract:

    Dietary Phytoestrogens may be involved in the occurrence of chronic diseases. Reliable information on the Phytoestrogen content in foods is required to assess dietary exposure and disease risk in epidemiological studies. However, there is little information on isoflavone, lignan, and coumestrol content of cereals and cereal-based foods, leading to an underestimation of intake. This is the first study of Phytoestrogens (isoflavones: biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, glycitein; lignans: matairesinol, secoisplariciresinol; coumestrol) in a comprehensive selection of 101 cereals and cereal-based foods-including breads, breakfast cereals, biscuits, pasta and rice-consumed in the UK using a sensitive LCMS technique with 13C-labelled internal standards. Phytoestrogens were detected in all foods analyzed; bread contained the highest amount of Phytoestrogens-many as isoflavones-with an average content of 375 +/- 67 microg/100 g wet weight (excluding soya-linseed bread with 12,000 microg/100 g). Most other foods contained less than 100 microg/100 g, many as lignans. Our study shows that all foods analyzed contained Phytoestrogens, with the highest amount found in breads, making them one of the main sources of dietary Phytoestrogens in the UK. These results will allow a more accurate estimation of exposure to dietary Phytoestrogens.

Kay-tee Khaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • breast colorectal and prostate cancer risk in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition norfolk in relation to Phytoestrogen intake derived from an improved database
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heather Ward, Robert N. Luben, Angela A. Mulligan, Gunter G C Kuhnle, Marleen A H Lentjes, Kay-tee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: The characterization of Phytoestrogen intake and cancer risk has been hindered by the absence of accurate dietary Phytoestrogen values. Objective: We examined the risk of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers relative to Phytoestrogen intake on the basis of a comprehensive database. Design: Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, a medical history, and 7-d records of diet were collected prospectively from participants (aged 40–79 y) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Five hundred nine food items were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, and 13C3-labeled internal standards were analyzed for isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin A, and formononetin), lignans (secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol), and enterolignans from gut microbial metabolism in animal food sources (equol and enterolactone). From the direct analysis, values for 10,708 foods were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for breast (244 cases, 941 controls), colorectal (221 cases, 886 controls), and prostate (204 cases, 812 controls) cancers were calculated relative to Phytoestrogen intake. Results: Phytoestrogen intake was not associated with breast cancer among women or colorectal cancer among men. Among women, colorectal cancer risk was inversely associated with enterolactone (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) and total enterolignans (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.79), with a positive trend detected for secoisolariciresinol (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.96, 2.69). A positive trend between enterolignan intake and prostate cancer risk (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.66) was attenuated after adjustment for dairy intake (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.82). Conclusion: Dietary Phytoestrogens may contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer among women and prostate cancer among men.

  • Phytoestrogen exposure is associated with circulating sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women and interact with ESR1 and NR1I2 gene variants
    Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 2007
    Co-Authors: Yen Ling Low, Elizabeth Folkerd, Deborah Doody, Robert N. Luben, Alison M. Dunning, James Taylor, A Bhaniani, Mitch Dowsett, Kay-tee Khaw, Nicholas J Wareham
    Abstract:

    In this large cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship between Phytoestrogen exposure and circulating sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in 1988 healthy postmenopausal women and their interactions with polymorphisms in genes involved in estrogen signaling. Plasma estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, estrone, and SHBG were measured. Urinary levels of five isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin, and equol) and two lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) were measured and used as biomarkers for dietary intakes. Eighteen polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, and NR1I2 genes were genotyped. Results showed that lignans were positively associated with plasma SHBG levels (eta(p)(2) = 1.2%; P < 0.001) and negatively associated with plasma testosterone (eta(p)(2) = 0.2%; P = 0.042). Equol was negatively associated with plasma estradiol levels (eta(p)(2) = 0.3%; P = 0.028), whereas O-desmethylangolensin was positively associated with plasma estradiol level (eta(p)(2) = 0.3%; P = 0.010). There were significant Phytoestrogen interactions with polymorphisms in ESR1 and NR1I2 genes in affecting estrone levels. We conclude that Phytoestrogens modulate sex hormone and SHBG levels in postmenopausal women and interact with gene variants involved in estrogen signaling. Such Phytoestrogen-gene interactions may explain the conflicting literature on the hormonal effects of Phytoestrogens.

  • Phytoestrogen exposure correlation with plasma estradiol in postmenopausal women in european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition norfolk may involve diet gene interactions
    Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2005
    Co-Authors: Yen Ling Low, Robert N. Luben, Angela A. Mulligan, Alison M. Dunning, Mitch Dowsett, James I Taylor, Philip B Grace, Serena Scollen, Ailsa Welch, Kay-tee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Cross-sectional studies investigating the relationship between Phytoestrogens in diet, urine, or blood with plasma estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) have been inconclusive. We investigated the relationship among Phytoestrogen exposure, polymorphisms in the ESR1, COMT, CYP19, and SHBG genes, and plasma estradiol and SHBG levels in 125 free-living postmenopausal women taking part in a cohort study (European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk) using three different markers: dietary, urinary, and serum Phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogen levels (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin, equol, enterodiol, and enterolactone) in spot urine and serum were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Plasma estradiol and SHBG were measured by immunoassays. Adjusting for age and body mass index, urinary daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and serum daidzein and glycitein were negatively correlated with plasma estradiol (R = -0.199 to -0.277, P <0.03), with particularly strong associations found in the 18 women with CC genotype for ESR1 PvuII polymorphism (R = -0.597 to -0.834, P < 0.03). The negative correlations observed between isoflavones and estradiol in women as a whole became no longer significant when we excluded women with ESR1 PvuII CC genotype, indicating that the correlations observed were due mainly to this group of women. There was no relationship between dietary isoflavones and plasma estradiol and no association was found between any of the dietary, urinary, and serum Phytoestrogen and plasma SHBG or between these factors and polymorphisms in CYP19, SHBG, and COMT. We conclude that higher isoflavone exposure is associated with lower plasma estradiol in postmenopausal women and that this preliminary study is suggestive of the involvement of diet-gene interactions.

Angela A. Mulligan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • breast colorectal and prostate cancer risk in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition norfolk in relation to Phytoestrogen intake derived from an improved database
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heather Ward, Robert N. Luben, Angela A. Mulligan, Gunter G C Kuhnle, Marleen A H Lentjes, Kay-tee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: The characterization of Phytoestrogen intake and cancer risk has been hindered by the absence of accurate dietary Phytoestrogen values. Objective: We examined the risk of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers relative to Phytoestrogen intake on the basis of a comprehensive database. Design: Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, a medical history, and 7-d records of diet were collected prospectively from participants (aged 40–79 y) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Five hundred nine food items were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, and 13C3-labeled internal standards were analyzed for isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin A, and formononetin), lignans (secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol), and enterolignans from gut microbial metabolism in animal food sources (equol and enterolactone). From the direct analysis, values for 10,708 foods were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for breast (244 cases, 941 controls), colorectal (221 cases, 886 controls), and prostate (204 cases, 812 controls) cancers were calculated relative to Phytoestrogen intake. Results: Phytoestrogen intake was not associated with breast cancer among women or colorectal cancer among men. Among women, colorectal cancer risk was inversely associated with enterolactone (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) and total enterolignans (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.79), with a positive trend detected for secoisolariciresinol (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.96, 2.69). A positive trend between enterolignan intake and prostate cancer risk (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.66) was attenuated after adjustment for dairy intake (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.82). Conclusion: Dietary Phytoestrogens may contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer among women and prostate cancer among men.

  • Phytoestrogen content of fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in the uk based on lc ms and 13c labelled standards
    Food Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gunter G C Kuhnle, Sue M. Aspinall, Shirley A Runswick, Angela A. Mulligan, Caterina Dellaquila, Annemiek M C P Joosen, Sheila Bingham
    Abstract:

    Abstract Phytoestrogens are a group of non-steroidal secondary plant metabolites with structural and functional similarity to 17β-oestradiol. Urinary and plasma Phytoestrogens have been used as biomarkers for dietary intake, however, this is often not possible in large epidemiological studies or to assess general exposure in free-living individuals. Accurate information about dietary Phytoestrogens is therefore important but there is very limited data concerning food contents. In this study, we analysed the Phytoestrogen (isoflavone, lignan and coumestrol) content in more than 240 different foods based on fresh and processed fruits and vegetables using a newly developed sensitive method based on LC–MS incorporating 13C3-labelled standards. Phytoestrogens were detected in all foods analysed with a median content of 20 μg/100 g wet weight (isoflavones: 2 μg/100 g; lignans 12 μg/100 g). Most foods contained less than 100 μg/100 g, however, 5% of foods analysed contained more than 400 μg/100 g, in particular soya-based foods and other legumes. The results published here will contribute to databases of dietary Phytoestrogen content and allow the more accurate determination of Phytoestrogen exposure in free-living individuals.

  • Phytoestrogen content of cereals and cereal-based foods consumed in the UK.
    Nutrition and Cancer, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gunter G C Kuhnle, Caterina Dell’aquila, Sue M. Aspinall, Shirley A Runswick, Angela A. Mulligan, Sheila Bingham
    Abstract:

    Dietary Phytoestrogens may be involved in the occurrence of chronic diseases. Reliable information on the Phytoestrogen content in foods is required to assess dietary exposure and disease risk in epidemiological studies. However, there is little information on isoflavone, lignan, and coumestrol content of cereals and cereal-based foods, leading to an underestimation of intake. This is the first study of Phytoestrogens (isoflavones: biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, glycitein; lignans: matairesinol, secoisplariciresinol; coumestrol) in a comprehensive selection of 101 cereals and cereal-based foods—including breads, breakfast cereals, biscuits, pasta and rice—consumed in the UK using a sensitive LCMS technique with 13 C-labelled internal standards. Phytoestrogens were detected in all foods analyzed; bread contained the highest amount of Phytoestrogens—many as isoflavones—with an average content of 375 ± 67 μ g/100 g wet weight (excluding soya-linseed bread with 12,000 μ g/100 g). Most other f...

  • Phytoestrogen Content of Cereals and Cereal-Based Foods Consumed in the UK
    Nutrition and Cancer, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gunter G C Kuhnle, Caterina Dell’aquila, Sue M. Aspinall, Shirley A Runswick, Angela A. Mulligan, Sheila Bingham
    Abstract:

    Dietary Phytoestrogens may be involved in the occurrence of chronic diseases. Reliable information on the Phytoestrogen content in foods is required to assess dietary exposure and disease risk in epidemiological studies. However, there is little information on isoflavone, lignan, and coumestrol content of cereals and cereal-based foods, leading to an underestimation of intake. This is the first study of Phytoestrogens (isoflavones: biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, glycitein; lignans: matairesinol, secoisplariciresinol; coumestrol) in a comprehensive selection of 101 cereals and cereal-based foods-including breads, breakfast cereals, biscuits, pasta and rice-consumed in the UK using a sensitive LCMS technique with 13C-labelled internal standards. Phytoestrogens were detected in all foods analyzed; bread contained the highest amount of Phytoestrogens-many as isoflavones-with an average content of 375 +/- 67 microg/100 g wet weight (excluding soya-linseed bread with 12,000 microg/100 g). Most other foods contained less than 100 microg/100 g, many as lignans. Our study shows that all foods analyzed contained Phytoestrogens, with the highest amount found in breads, making them one of the main sources of dietary Phytoestrogens in the UK. These results will allow a more accurate estimation of exposure to dietary Phytoestrogens.

  • Phytoestrogen content of foods of animal origin dairy products eggs meat fish and seafood
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Gunter G C Kuhnle, Sue M. Aspinall, Shirley A Runswick, Angela A. Mulligan, Caterina Dellaquila, Sheila Bingham
    Abstract:

    Dietary Phytoestrogens may be involved in the occurrence of chronic diseases. Reliable information on the Phytoestrogen content in foods is required to assess dietary exposure and disease risk in epidemiological studies. However, existing analyses have focused on only one class of these compounds in plant-based foods, and there is only little information on foods of animal origin, leading to an underestimation of intake. This is the first comprehensive study of Phytoestrogen content in animal food. We have determined the Phytoestrogen content (isoflavones: biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, and glycitein; lignans: secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol; coumestrol; equol; enterolactone; and enterodiol) in 115 foods of animal origin (including milk and milk-products, eggs, meat, fish, and seafood) and vegetarian substitutes using liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS) with 13C-labeled internal standards. Phytoestrogens were detected in all foods analyzed; the average content was 20 μg/...

O. Ganry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phytoestrogens and prostate cancer risk.
    Preventive medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: O. Ganry
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Phytoestrogens are natural plant substances. The four main classes are isoflavones, flavonoids, coumestans, and lignans. Phytoestrogens have anti-carcinogenic potential. For evaluation of the effect of Phytoestrogens on prostate cancer risk, we reviewed analytical epidemiological data. Methods Up to now, there are few studies that have assessed the direct relation between the individual dietary intake of soy products and other nutrients with Phytoestrogens and the risk of prostate cancer. We decided to review analytical epidemiological studies providing data on (a) dietary soy intake or flavonoids intake, (b) urinary excretion of isoflavones or lignans, or (c) blood measurements of isoflavones or lignans. Soy is used as a marker for isoflavone intake. Results Overall, the results of these studies do not show protective effects. Only four of these studies are prospective, and none of them found statistically significant prostate cancer reductions. Two prospective studies measured flavonoid intake and one reported a preventive effect on prostate cancer for the assumption of myricetin. One study assessed enterolactone concentrations in three different countries and showed no reduction in prostate cancer occurrence. Conclusion Few studies showed protective effect between Phytoestrogen intake and prostate cancer risk.

Robert N. Luben - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • breast colorectal and prostate cancer risk in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition norfolk in relation to Phytoestrogen intake derived from an improved database
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heather Ward, Robert N. Luben, Angela A. Mulligan, Gunter G C Kuhnle, Marleen A H Lentjes, Kay-tee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Background: The characterization of Phytoestrogen intake and cancer risk has been hindered by the absence of accurate dietary Phytoestrogen values. Objective: We examined the risk of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers relative to Phytoestrogen intake on the basis of a comprehensive database. Design: Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, a medical history, and 7-d records of diet were collected prospectively from participants (aged 40–79 y) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Five hundred nine food items were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, and 13C3-labeled internal standards were analyzed for isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin A, and formononetin), lignans (secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol), and enterolignans from gut microbial metabolism in animal food sources (equol and enterolactone). From the direct analysis, values for 10,708 foods were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for breast (244 cases, 941 controls), colorectal (221 cases, 886 controls), and prostate (204 cases, 812 controls) cancers were calculated relative to Phytoestrogen intake. Results: Phytoestrogen intake was not associated with breast cancer among women or colorectal cancer among men. Among women, colorectal cancer risk was inversely associated with enterolactone (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) and total enterolignans (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.79), with a positive trend detected for secoisolariciresinol (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.96, 2.69). A positive trend between enterolignan intake and prostate cancer risk (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.66) was attenuated after adjustment for dairy intake (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.82). Conclusion: Dietary Phytoestrogens may contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer among women and prostate cancer among men.

  • Phytoestrogen exposure is associated with circulating sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women and interact with ESR1 and NR1I2 gene variants
    Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 2007
    Co-Authors: Yen Ling Low, Elizabeth Folkerd, Deborah Doody, Robert N. Luben, Alison M. Dunning, James Taylor, A Bhaniani, Mitch Dowsett, Kay-tee Khaw, Nicholas J Wareham
    Abstract:

    In this large cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship between Phytoestrogen exposure and circulating sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in 1988 healthy postmenopausal women and their interactions with polymorphisms in genes involved in estrogen signaling. Plasma estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, estrone, and SHBG were measured. Urinary levels of five isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin, and equol) and two lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) were measured and used as biomarkers for dietary intakes. Eighteen polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, and NR1I2 genes were genotyped. Results showed that lignans were positively associated with plasma SHBG levels (eta(p)(2) = 1.2%; P < 0.001) and negatively associated with plasma testosterone (eta(p)(2) = 0.2%; P = 0.042). Equol was negatively associated with plasma estradiol levels (eta(p)(2) = 0.3%; P = 0.028), whereas O-desmethylangolensin was positively associated with plasma estradiol level (eta(p)(2) = 0.3%; P = 0.010). There were significant Phytoestrogen interactions with polymorphisms in ESR1 and NR1I2 genes in affecting estrone levels. We conclude that Phytoestrogens modulate sex hormone and SHBG levels in postmenopausal women and interact with gene variants involved in estrogen signaling. Such Phytoestrogen-gene interactions may explain the conflicting literature on the hormonal effects of Phytoestrogens.

  • Phytoestrogen exposure correlation with plasma estradiol in postmenopausal women in european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition norfolk may involve diet gene interactions
    Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2005
    Co-Authors: Yen Ling Low, Robert N. Luben, Angela A. Mulligan, Alison M. Dunning, Mitch Dowsett, James I Taylor, Philip B Grace, Serena Scollen, Ailsa Welch, Kay-tee Khaw
    Abstract:

    Cross-sectional studies investigating the relationship between Phytoestrogens in diet, urine, or blood with plasma estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) have been inconclusive. We investigated the relationship among Phytoestrogen exposure, polymorphisms in the ESR1, COMT, CYP19, and SHBG genes, and plasma estradiol and SHBG levels in 125 free-living postmenopausal women taking part in a cohort study (European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk) using three different markers: dietary, urinary, and serum Phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogen levels (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin, equol, enterodiol, and enterolactone) in spot urine and serum were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Plasma estradiol and SHBG were measured by immunoassays. Adjusting for age and body mass index, urinary daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and serum daidzein and glycitein were negatively correlated with plasma estradiol (R = -0.199 to -0.277, P <0.03), with particularly strong associations found in the 18 women with CC genotype for ESR1 PvuII polymorphism (R = -0.597 to -0.834, P < 0.03). The negative correlations observed between isoflavones and estradiol in women as a whole became no longer significant when we excluded women with ESR1 PvuII CC genotype, indicating that the correlations observed were due mainly to this group of women. There was no relationship between dietary isoflavones and plasma estradiol and no association was found between any of the dietary, urinary, and serum Phytoestrogen and plasma SHBG or between these factors and polymorphisms in CYP19, SHBG, and COMT. We conclude that higher isoflavone exposure is associated with lower plasma estradiol in postmenopausal women and that this preliminary study is suggestive of the involvement of diet-gene interactions.