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Ilaria Bonaduce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Development of a New Analytical Model for the Identification of Saccharide Binders in Paint Samples
2016Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:This paper describes a method for reliably identifying saccharide materials in paintings. Since the 3rd millennium B.C., polysaccharide materials such as Plant Gums, sugar, flour, and honey were used as binding media and sizing agents in paintings, illuminated manuscripts, and polychrome objects. Although it has been reported that Plant Gums have a stable composition, their identification in paint samples is often doubtful and rarely discussed. Our research was carried ou
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The Development of a New Analytical Model for the Identification of Saccharide Binders in Paint Samples
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:This paper describes a method for reliably identifying saccharide materials in paintings. Since the 3rd millennium B.C., polysaccharide materials such as Plant Gums, sugar, flour, and honey were used as binding media and sizing agents in paintings, illuminated manuscripts, and polychrome objects. Although it has been reported that Plant Gums have a stable composition, their identification in paint samples is often doubtful and rarely discussed. Our research was carried out independently at two different laboratories: the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). It was shown in a previous stage of this research that the two methods give highly comparable data when analysing both reference paint samples and paint layers from art objects, thus the combined data was used to build a large database. In this study, the simultaneous presence of proteinaceous binders and pigments in fresh and artificially aged paint replicas was investigated, and it highlighted how these can affect the sugar profile of arabic, tragacanth, and fruit tree Gums. The environmental contamination due to sugars from various Plant tissues is also discussed. The results allowed the development of a new model for the reliable identification of saccharide binders in paintings based on the evaluation of markers that are stable to ageing and unaffected by pigments. This new model was applied to the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of a large number of samples from murals, easel paintings, manuscripts, and polychrome objects from different geographical areas and dating from the 13th century BC to the 20th century AD, thus demonstrating its reliability.
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Analysis of Plant Gums and saccharide materials in paint samples: comparison of GC-MS analytical procedures and databases
Chemistry Central Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:Saccharide materials have been used for centuries as binding media, to paint, write and illuminate manuscripts and to apply metallic leaf decorations. Although the technical literature often reports on the use of Plant Gums as binders, actually several other saccharide materials can be encountered in paint samples, not only as major binders, but also as additives. In the literature, there are a variety of analytical procedures that utilize GC-MS to characterize saccharide materials in paint samples, however the chromatographic profiles are often extremely different and it is impossible to compare them and reliably identify the paint binder. This paper presents a comparison between two different analytical procedures based on GC-MS for the analysis of saccharide materials in works-of-art. The research presented here evaluates the influence of the analytical procedure used, and how it impacts the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of paint samples that contain saccharide materials. The procedures have been developed, optimised and systematically used to characterise Plant Gums at the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). The main steps of the analytical procedures and their optimisation are discussed. The results presented highlight that the two methods give comparable sugar profiles, whether the samples analysed are simple raw materials, pigmented and unpigmented paint replicas, or paint samples collected from hundreds of centuries old polychrome art objects. A common database of sugar profiles of reference materials commonly found in paint samples was thus compiled. The database presents data also from those materials that only contain a minor saccharide fraction. This database highlights how many sources of saccharides can be found in a paint sample, representing an important step forward in the problem of identifying polysaccharide binders in paint samples.
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characterization of organic media in the wall paintings of the palace of nestor at pylos greece evidence for a secco painting techniques in the bronze age
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012Co-Authors: H. Brecoulaki, Ilaria Bonaduce, Maria Perla Colombini, Alessia Andreotti, A. LluverasAbstract:Abstract This paper presents the results of an investigation of organic binding media detected in samples from the Mycenaean wall-paintings at the “Palace of Nestor” in Pylos (Western Messenia, Greece): samples dated from the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1200 BC). This is the first scientific study to be conducted on organic binding media in Mycenanean painting, and it is a study that aims to contribute significantly towards our understanding of the original painting techniques used during the Bronze Age. The analytical procedures employed for the detection and characterization of the organic substances preserved within the paint layers (proteinaceous materials, lipids and Plant Gums), were based on chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques (PY–GC/MS, GC/MS). The most significant results, highlighting an a secco painting technique, are herein reported and discussed.
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Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterisation of Plant Gums in samples from painted works of art.
Journal of Chromatography A, 2007Co-Authors: Ilaria Bonaduce, H. Brecoulaki, Maria Perla Colombini, A. Lluveras, Vincenzo Restivo, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an analytical GC–MS procedure to study the chemical composition of Plant Gums, determining aldoses and uronic acids in one step. The procedure is based on the silylation of aldoses and uronic acids, released from Plant Gums by microwave assisted hydrolysis, and previously converted into the corresponding diethyl-dithioacetals and diethyl-dithioacetal lactones. Using this method only one peak for each compound is obtained, thus providing simple and highly reproducible chromatograms. The analytical procedure was optimised using reference samples of raw Plant Gums (arabic, karaya, ghatti, guar, locust bean and tragacanth, cherry, plum and peach Gums), commercial watercolours and paint layers prepared according to ancient recipes at the Opificio delle Pietre Dure of Florence (Italy). To identify gum media in samples of unknown composition, a decisional schema for the gum identification and the principal component analysis of the relative sugar percentage contents were employed. The procedure was used to study samples collected from wall paintings from Macedonian tombs (4th–3rd centuries bc ) and from the Mycenaean “Palace of Nestor” (13th century bc ) in Pylos, Greece. The presence of carbohydrates was ascertained and Plant gum binders (fruit and a mixture of tragacanth and fruit tree Gums) were identified in some of the samples.
Yi-chen Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ameliorative effects of d glucuronolactone on oxidative stress and inflammatory fibrogenic responses in livers of thioacetamide treated rats
Journal of Functional Foods, 2015Co-Authors: Po-ju Chen, Chih-hsien Chiu, Jung-kai Tseng, Kou-tai Yang, Yi-chen ChenAbstract:D-Glucuronolactone (C6H8O6, lactone), naturally found in Plant Gums, is commercially acclaimed for its hepatoprotective effects. This study was to investigate whether lactone can attenuate thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in a rat model. Results showed that lactone supplementation (75 mg kg−1 bw glucuronolactone) alleviated AST values in TAA-intraperitoneally-injected rats (100 mg kg−1 bw TAA) and increased antioxidant capacity of liver via elevations of antioxidant enzymes activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], glutathione (GSH) and trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC) levels (p < 0.05). Down-regulated (p < 0.05) expression of inflammation including interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1), kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF-6), and fibrosis related fibrotic factors, i.e., alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen alpha1 (I) (COLα1) through lactone supplementation underlay the lower collagen contents and less severe liver damage on histopathology observations. Therefore, hepatoprotection of lactone against TAA-induced liver fibrosis can be attributed to the amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Ameliorative effects of D-glucuronolactone on oxidative stress and inflammatory/fibrogenic responses in livers of thioacetamide-treated rats
Journal of Functional Foods, 2015Co-Authors: Po-ju Chen, Chih-hsien Chiu, Jung-kai Tseng, Kou-tai Yang, Yi-chen ChenAbstract:D-Glucuronolactone (C6H8O6, lactone), naturally found in Plant Gums, is commercially acclaimed for its hepatoprotective effects. This study was to investigate whether lactone can attenuate thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in a rat model. Results showed that lactone supplementation (75 mg kg−1 bw glucuronolactone) alleviated AST values in TAA-intraperitoneally-injected rats (100 mg kg−1 bw TAA) and increased antioxidant capacity of liver via elevations of antioxidant enzymes activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], glutathione (GSH) and trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC) levels (p
Maria Perla Colombini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Development of a New Analytical Model for the Identification of Saccharide Binders in Paint Samples
2016Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:This paper describes a method for reliably identifying saccharide materials in paintings. Since the 3rd millennium B.C., polysaccharide materials such as Plant Gums, sugar, flour, and honey were used as binding media and sizing agents in paintings, illuminated manuscripts, and polychrome objects. Although it has been reported that Plant Gums have a stable composition, their identification in paint samples is often doubtful and rarely discussed. Our research was carried ou
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The Development of a New Analytical Model for the Identification of Saccharide Binders in Paint Samples
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:This paper describes a method for reliably identifying saccharide materials in paintings. Since the 3rd millennium B.C., polysaccharide materials such as Plant Gums, sugar, flour, and honey were used as binding media and sizing agents in paintings, illuminated manuscripts, and polychrome objects. Although it has been reported that Plant Gums have a stable composition, their identification in paint samples is often doubtful and rarely discussed. Our research was carried out independently at two different laboratories: the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). It was shown in a previous stage of this research that the two methods give highly comparable data when analysing both reference paint samples and paint layers from art objects, thus the combined data was used to build a large database. In this study, the simultaneous presence of proteinaceous binders and pigments in fresh and artificially aged paint replicas was investigated, and it highlighted how these can affect the sugar profile of arabic, tragacanth, and fruit tree Gums. The environmental contamination due to sugars from various Plant tissues is also discussed. The results allowed the development of a new model for the reliable identification of saccharide binders in paintings based on the evaluation of markers that are stable to ageing and unaffected by pigments. This new model was applied to the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of a large number of samples from murals, easel paintings, manuscripts, and polychrome objects from different geographical areas and dating from the 13th century BC to the 20th century AD, thus demonstrating its reliability.
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Analysis of Plant Gums and saccharide materials in paint samples: comparison of GC-MS analytical procedures and databases
Chemistry Central Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:Saccharide materials have been used for centuries as binding media, to paint, write and illuminate manuscripts and to apply metallic leaf decorations. Although the technical literature often reports on the use of Plant Gums as binders, actually several other saccharide materials can be encountered in paint samples, not only as major binders, but also as additives. In the literature, there are a variety of analytical procedures that utilize GC-MS to characterize saccharide materials in paint samples, however the chromatographic profiles are often extremely different and it is impossible to compare them and reliably identify the paint binder. This paper presents a comparison between two different analytical procedures based on GC-MS for the analysis of saccharide materials in works-of-art. The research presented here evaluates the influence of the analytical procedure used, and how it impacts the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of paint samples that contain saccharide materials. The procedures have been developed, optimised and systematically used to characterise Plant Gums at the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). The main steps of the analytical procedures and their optimisation are discussed. The results presented highlight that the two methods give comparable sugar profiles, whether the samples analysed are simple raw materials, pigmented and unpigmented paint replicas, or paint samples collected from hundreds of centuries old polychrome art objects. A common database of sugar profiles of reference materials commonly found in paint samples was thus compiled. The database presents data also from those materials that only contain a minor saccharide fraction. This database highlights how many sources of saccharides can be found in a paint sample, representing an important step forward in the problem of identifying polysaccharide binders in paint samples.
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characterization of organic media in the wall paintings of the palace of nestor at pylos greece evidence for a secco painting techniques in the bronze age
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012Co-Authors: H. Brecoulaki, Ilaria Bonaduce, Maria Perla Colombini, Alessia Andreotti, A. LluverasAbstract:Abstract This paper presents the results of an investigation of organic binding media detected in samples from the Mycenaean wall-paintings at the “Palace of Nestor” in Pylos (Western Messenia, Greece): samples dated from the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1200 BC). This is the first scientific study to be conducted on organic binding media in Mycenanean painting, and it is a study that aims to contribute significantly towards our understanding of the original painting techniques used during the Bronze Age. The analytical procedures employed for the detection and characterization of the organic substances preserved within the paint layers (proteinaceous materials, lipids and Plant Gums), were based on chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques (PY–GC/MS, GC/MS). The most significant results, highlighting an a secco painting technique, are herein reported and discussed.
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Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterisation of Plant Gums in samples from painted works of art.
Journal of Chromatography A, 2007Co-Authors: Ilaria Bonaduce, H. Brecoulaki, Maria Perla Colombini, A. Lluveras, Vincenzo Restivo, Erika RibechiniAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an analytical GC–MS procedure to study the chemical composition of Plant Gums, determining aldoses and uronic acids in one step. The procedure is based on the silylation of aldoses and uronic acids, released from Plant Gums by microwave assisted hydrolysis, and previously converted into the corresponding diethyl-dithioacetals and diethyl-dithioacetal lactones. Using this method only one peak for each compound is obtained, thus providing simple and highly reproducible chromatograms. The analytical procedure was optimised using reference samples of raw Plant Gums (arabic, karaya, ghatti, guar, locust bean and tragacanth, cherry, plum and peach Gums), commercial watercolours and paint layers prepared according to ancient recipes at the Opificio delle Pietre Dure of Florence (Italy). To identify gum media in samples of unknown composition, a decisional schema for the gum identification and the principal component analysis of the relative sugar percentage contents were employed. The procedure was used to study samples collected from wall paintings from Macedonian tombs (4th–3rd centuries bc ) and from the Mycenaean “Palace of Nestor” (13th century bc ) in Pylos, Greece. The presence of carbohydrates was ascertained and Plant gum binders (fruit and a mixture of tragacanth and fruit tree Gums) were identified in some of the samples.
Anna Lluveras-tenorio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Painting the Palace of Apries I: ancient binding media and coatings of the reliefs from the Palace of Apries, Lower Egypt
Heritage Science, 2018Co-Authors: Cecilie Brøns, Kaare Lund Rasmussen, Marta Melchiorre Crescenzo, Rebecca Stacey, Anna Lluveras-tenorioAbstract:This study gives an account of the organic components (binders and coatings) found in the polychromy of some fragmented architectural reliefs from the Palace of Apries in Memphis, Egypt (26th Dynasty, ca. 589-568 BCE). A column capital and five relief fragments from the collections of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen were chosen for examination, selected because of their well-preserved polychromy. Samples from the fragments were first investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to screen for the presence of organic materials and to identify the chemical family to which these materials belong (proteinaceous, polysaccharides or lipid). Only the samples showing the potential presence of organic binder residues were further investigated using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) targeting the analysis towards the detection and identification of compounds belonging to the chemical families identified by FTIR. The detection of polysaccharides in the paint layers on the capital and on two of the fragments indicates the use of Plant Gums as binding media. The interpretation of the sugar profiles was not straightforward so botanical classification was only possible for one fragment where the results of analysis seem to point to gum arabic. The sample from the same fragment was found to contain animal glue and a second protein material (possibly egg). While the presence of animal glue is probably ascribable to the binder used for the ground layer, the second protein indicates that either the paint layer was bound in a mixture of different binding materials or that the paint layer, bound in a Plant gum, was then coated with a proteinaceous material. The surface of two of the investigated samples was partially covered by translucent waxy materials that were identified as a synthetic wax (applied during old conservation treatments) and as beeswax, respectively. It is possible that the beeswax is of ancient origin, selectively applied on yellow areas in order to create a certain glossiness or highlight specific elements.
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The Development of a New Analytical Model for the Identification of Saccharide Binders in Paint Samples
2016Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:This paper describes a method for reliably identifying saccharide materials in paintings. Since the 3rd millennium B.C., polysaccharide materials such as Plant Gums, sugar, flour, and honey were used as binding media and sizing agents in paintings, illuminated manuscripts, and polychrome objects. Although it has been reported that Plant Gums have a stable composition, their identification in paint samples is often doubtful and rarely discussed. Our research was carried ou
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The Development of a New Analytical Model for the Identification of Saccharide Binders in Paint Samples
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:This paper describes a method for reliably identifying saccharide materials in paintings. Since the 3rd millennium B.C., polysaccharide materials such as Plant Gums, sugar, flour, and honey were used as binding media and sizing agents in paintings, illuminated manuscripts, and polychrome objects. Although it has been reported that Plant Gums have a stable composition, their identification in paint samples is often doubtful and rarely discussed. Our research was carried out independently at two different laboratories: the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). It was shown in a previous stage of this research that the two methods give highly comparable data when analysing both reference paint samples and paint layers from art objects, thus the combined data was used to build a large database. In this study, the simultaneous presence of proteinaceous binders and pigments in fresh and artificially aged paint replicas was investigated, and it highlighted how these can affect the sugar profile of arabic, tragacanth, and fruit tree Gums. The environmental contamination due to sugars from various Plant tissues is also discussed. The results allowed the development of a new model for the reliable identification of saccharide binders in paintings based on the evaluation of markers that are stable to ageing and unaffected by pigments. This new model was applied to the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of a large number of samples from murals, easel paintings, manuscripts, and polychrome objects from different geographical areas and dating from the 13th century BC to the 20th century AD, thus demonstrating its reliability.
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Analysis of Plant Gums and saccharide materials in paint samples: comparison of GC-MS analytical procedures and databases
Chemistry Central Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Anna Lluveras-tenorio, Maria Perla Colombini, Joy Mazurek, Annalaura Restivo, Ilaria BonaduceAbstract:Saccharide materials have been used for centuries as binding media, to paint, write and illuminate manuscripts and to apply metallic leaf decorations. Although the technical literature often reports on the use of Plant Gums as binders, actually several other saccharide materials can be encountered in paint samples, not only as major binders, but also as additives. In the literature, there are a variety of analytical procedures that utilize GC-MS to characterize saccharide materials in paint samples, however the chromatographic profiles are often extremely different and it is impossible to compare them and reliably identify the paint binder. This paper presents a comparison between two different analytical procedures based on GC-MS for the analysis of saccharide materials in works-of-art. The research presented here evaluates the influence of the analytical procedure used, and how it impacts the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of paint samples that contain saccharide materials. The procedures have been developed, optimised and systematically used to characterise Plant Gums at the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). The main steps of the analytical procedures and their optimisation are discussed. The results presented highlight that the two methods give comparable sugar profiles, whether the samples analysed are simple raw materials, pigmented and unpigmented paint replicas, or paint samples collected from hundreds of centuries old polychrome art objects. A common database of sugar profiles of reference materials commonly found in paint samples was thus compiled. The database presents data also from those materials that only contain a minor saccharide fraction. This database highlights how many sources of saccharides can be found in a paint sample, representing an important step forward in the problem of identifying polysaccharide binders in paint samples.
Ernst Kenndler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Animal glues in mixtures of natural binding media used in artistic and historic objects: identification by capillary zone electrophoresis
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Sabine M. Harrison, Isabella Kaml, Vendula Prokoratova, Michael Mazanek, Ernst KenndlerAbstract:Animal glues were often used in historic and artistic objects, e.g. as paint ground, as binders for pigments, or as adhesives. The sources were egg, casein, or different collagens. For restoration and conservation purposes it is important to know which kind of animal glue a museum object contains. Capillary electrophoresis can deliver such information, because it enables differentiation among the three proteinaceous glue classes according to their different amino acid patterns after hydrolysis. This work deals with the most relevant problem in practice, whether this identification is obstructed by the presence of other binders, with which they are mixed in many real samples; in particular, interference from Plant Gums and drying oils was investigated. Capillary electrophoresis of the hydrolysates (after reaction with 6 mol L−1 HCl) was performed with an acidic background electrolyte consisting of chloroacetic acid (51.9 mmol L−1) adjusted with LiOH to pH 2.26. The underivatised analytes were detected with a contactless conductivity detector. It was found that the constituents of the Plant Gums (monosaccharides) or drying oils (long-chain fatty acids and short-chain dicarboxylic acids) never interfered with identification of the animal glues, as shown for artificial mixtures of the different binders even at tenfold excess over the animal glue, and for egg tempera samples. The method was used to identify the filling material from a statue from the eighteenth century.
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Characterisation of natural polysaccharides (Plant Gums) used as binding media for artistic and historic works by capillary zone electrophoresis.
Journal of Chromatography A, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Grössl, Sabine M. Harrison, Isabella Kaml, Ernst KenndlerAbstract:The monosaccharide constituents of Plant Gums were separated by capillary electrophoresis at pH 12.1 and detected with indirect UV absorbance. The Plant Gums investigated were gum arabic, gum acacia, gum tragacanth, cherry gum and locust bean gum (carob gum). The monosaccharides obtained after hydrolysis with 2M trifluoroacetic acid and lyophilisation of the hydrolysate were arabinose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose, and glucose, and the two sugar acids galacturonic and glucuronic acid, in accordance with the literature. They were separated in a background electrolyte consisting of NaOH to adjust the pH, 20 mM 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid as chromophore for detection and 0.5 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as additive to reverse the electroosmotic flow. Based on their electropherograms, the Plant Gums could be identified by their typical composition (depicted in a decision scheme) as follows: a peak of glucuronic acid, together with that of rhamnose, is indicative for gum arabic. Peaks of galacturonic acid and fucose point to gum tragacanth. Locust bean gum shows a major peak for mannose (with the concomitant galactose peak in ratio 4-1), whereas a glucuronic acid and a mannose peak together with a prominent arabinose peak indicates cherry gum. The method was applied to identify the Plant Gums in samples like watercolours and in several paint layers like gum tempera or those with egg white or drying oils as additives. Artificial aging experiments of thin layers of gum arabic on paper or glass carried out with UV-A radiation (366 nm) did not result in changes of the saccharide patterns, in contrast to the simultaneously conducted aging of a drying oil layer.
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Identification of drying oils in mixtures of natural binding media used for artistic and historic works by capillary electrophoresis
Journal of Separation Science, 2005Co-Authors: Sabine M. Harrison, Isabella Kaml, Florian Rainer, Ernst KenndlerAbstract:To characterise the technologies and to find the appropriate treatments, the identification of the binding media of artistic and historic objects is of high importance for the restorer and conservator. Often applied together with other binders, in the present paper, the applicability of a CZE method was ascertained for the identification of the constituents of drying oils in mixtures with animal glues and/or Plant Gums. The drying oils are identified after alkaline hydrolysis due to their content of long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic) and shorter-chain dicarboxylic acids (pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic). The dicarboxylic acids occur as products of the unsaturated acids by oxidative degradation during the drying process. The possible interferences in CE caused by the other binders are amino acids and/or monosaccharides. Such interferences could be expected as indirect UV detection has to be used, which is highly unspecific. It was found that none of the constituents of the animal glues or Plant Gums migrate in the time window of the analytes, thus not obstructing the identification of the analytes in any of the oil mixtures with one binder, or with a combination of both. No interference is observed even in excess of the glues. The method was applied for the identification of a drying oil in a paint layer from a ceremonial mask originating from Papua New Guinea. There is evidence that the oil is most probably from candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccana).