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Linjun Yao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil and Plant Response to used potassium silicate drilling fluid application
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015Co-Authors: Linjun Yao, Anne M NaethAbstract:Abstract Use of drilling waste generated from the oil and gas industry for land reclamation has potential to be a practical and economical means to improve soil fertility and to decrease landfills. A four month greenhouse experiment with common barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) on three different textured soils was conducted to determine soil and Plant Response to incorporated or sprayed potassium silicate drilling fluid (PSDF). Two PSDF types (used once, used twice) were applied at six rates (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 120 m 3 ha −1 ) as twelve PSDF amendments plus a control (non PSDF). Effects of PSDF amendment on Plant properties were significant, and varied through physiological growth stages. Barley emergence and below ground biomass were greater with used once than used twice PSDF at the same application rate in clay loam soil. Used twice PSDF at highest rates significantly increased barley above ground biomass relative to the control in loam and sand soil. All PSDF treatments significantly increased available potassium relative to the control in all three soils. Soil electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio increased with PSDF addition, but not to levels detrimental to barley. Soil quality rated fair to poor with PSDF amendments in clay loam, and reduced Plant performance at the highest rate, suggesting a threshold beyond which conditions are compromised with PSDF utilization. PSDF application method did not significantly affect Plant and soil Responses. This initial greenhouse research demonstrates that PSDF has potential as a soil amendment for reclamation, with consideration of soil properties and Plant species tolerances to determine PSDF types and rates to be used.
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soil and Plant Response to unused potassium silicate drilling fluid application
Ecological Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Linjun Yao, Anne M NaethAbstract:Abstract Drilling fluid, also referred to as drilling mud, is a major waste from oil and gas drilling. Land application is a novel approach to potassium silicate drilling fluid (PSDF) waste recycling, addressing its disposal requirements while potentially improving soil quality for land reclamation. Inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0, 34 N: 45 P kg ha−1) was added with PSDF (0, 30, 45, 60 m3 ha−1) as eight PSDF amendments. PSDF amendments were incorporated or sprayed on four reclamation soils (sand, loam, clay loam 1 and 2). Response to PSDF application was assessed in the greenhouse with two Plant species (Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) and Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte (slender wheat grass). PSDF amendments had no detrimental effects on soil quality (macronutrients, pH, salinity, sodicity) and Plant growth except in clay loam 2 soil. In loam soil, barley height and biomass were greater with PSDF at 45 m3 ha−1 with fertilizer relative to soil without PSDF. In sand soil with PSDF at the highest rate without fertilizer, wheat grass height was 1.08 times and biomass was 1.76 times greater than the control. High electrical conductivity in clay loam 2 soil, and decreased density, height and biomass of wheat grass at highest PSDF application rates or with PSDF incorporation, suggest a threshold beyond which conditions are compromised for PSDF application. Increasing PSDF application rate increased soil potassium availability by 1.6–4.1 times relative to no PSDF. This initial research demonstrates that PSDF may be an appropriate soil amendment for agricultural crops and native Plant species on land reclamation sites with consideration of substrates properties, Plant species tolerances and inorganic fertilizer.
Anne M Naeth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil and Plant Response to used potassium silicate drilling fluid application
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015Co-Authors: Linjun Yao, Anne M NaethAbstract:Abstract Use of drilling waste generated from the oil and gas industry for land reclamation has potential to be a practical and economical means to improve soil fertility and to decrease landfills. A four month greenhouse experiment with common barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) on three different textured soils was conducted to determine soil and Plant Response to incorporated or sprayed potassium silicate drilling fluid (PSDF). Two PSDF types (used once, used twice) were applied at six rates (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 120 m 3 ha −1 ) as twelve PSDF amendments plus a control (non PSDF). Effects of PSDF amendment on Plant properties were significant, and varied through physiological growth stages. Barley emergence and below ground biomass were greater with used once than used twice PSDF at the same application rate in clay loam soil. Used twice PSDF at highest rates significantly increased barley above ground biomass relative to the control in loam and sand soil. All PSDF treatments significantly increased available potassium relative to the control in all three soils. Soil electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio increased with PSDF addition, but not to levels detrimental to barley. Soil quality rated fair to poor with PSDF amendments in clay loam, and reduced Plant performance at the highest rate, suggesting a threshold beyond which conditions are compromised with PSDF utilization. PSDF application method did not significantly affect Plant and soil Responses. This initial greenhouse research demonstrates that PSDF has potential as a soil amendment for reclamation, with consideration of soil properties and Plant species tolerances to determine PSDF types and rates to be used.
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soil and Plant Response to unused potassium silicate drilling fluid application
Ecological Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Linjun Yao, Anne M NaethAbstract:Abstract Drilling fluid, also referred to as drilling mud, is a major waste from oil and gas drilling. Land application is a novel approach to potassium silicate drilling fluid (PSDF) waste recycling, addressing its disposal requirements while potentially improving soil quality for land reclamation. Inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0, 34 N: 45 P kg ha−1) was added with PSDF (0, 30, 45, 60 m3 ha−1) as eight PSDF amendments. PSDF amendments were incorporated or sprayed on four reclamation soils (sand, loam, clay loam 1 and 2). Response to PSDF application was assessed in the greenhouse with two Plant species (Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) and Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte (slender wheat grass). PSDF amendments had no detrimental effects on soil quality (macronutrients, pH, salinity, sodicity) and Plant growth except in clay loam 2 soil. In loam soil, barley height and biomass were greater with PSDF at 45 m3 ha−1 with fertilizer relative to soil without PSDF. In sand soil with PSDF at the highest rate without fertilizer, wheat grass height was 1.08 times and biomass was 1.76 times greater than the control. High electrical conductivity in clay loam 2 soil, and decreased density, height and biomass of wheat grass at highest PSDF application rates or with PSDF incorporation, suggest a threshold beyond which conditions are compromised for PSDF application. Increasing PSDF application rate increased soil potassium availability by 1.6–4.1 times relative to no PSDF. This initial research demonstrates that PSDF may be an appropriate soil amendment for agricultural crops and native Plant species on land reclamation sites with consideration of substrates properties, Plant species tolerances and inorganic fertilizer.
Robert C Musselman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nocturnal stomatal conductance and ambient air quality standards for ozone
Atmospheric Environment, 2000Co-Authors: Robert C Musselman, Tamera J MinnickAbstract:Vegetation Response to ozone depends on ozone conductance into leaves and the defensive action inside the leaf. Ozone parameters currently used for air quality standards do not incorporate conductance or defensive components. Nighttime flux has often been ignored in ozone metrics relating to Plant Response, since ozone concentration and conductance are considered to be minimal at night. However, ozone concentration can remain relatively high at night, particularly in mountainous areas. Although conductance is lower at night than during the day for most Plants, nocturnal conductance can result in considerable ozone flux into Plants. Further, Plants can be more susceptible to ozone exposure at night than during the daytime, a result of lower Plant defenses at night. Any ozone metric used to relate air quality to Plant Response should use a 24 h ozone exposure period to include the nighttime exposures. It should also incorporate Plant defensive mechanisms or their surrogate.
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ozone flux to vegetation and its relationship to Plant Response and ambient air quality standards
Atmospheric Environment, 1998Co-Authors: Robert C Musselman, William J MassmanAbstract:Abstract The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone is based on occurrences of the maximum 8 h average ambient ozone concentration. However, biologists have recommended a cumulative ozone exposure parameter to protect vegetation. In this paper we propose a third alternative which uses quantifiable flux-based numerical parameters as a replacement for cumulative ambient parameters. Herein we discuss the concept of ozone flux as it relates to Plant Response and the NAAQS, and document information needed before a flux-based ozone NAAQS for vegetation can be implemented. Additional research is needed in techniques for determining Plant uptake and in the quantification of Plant defensive mechanisms to ozone. Models which include feedback mechanisms should be developed to relate ozone flux, loading, and detoxification with photosynthesis and Plant productivity.
James J Sienicki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transient accident analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle energy converter coupled to an autonomous lead cooled fast reactor
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2008Co-Authors: Anton Moisseytsev, James J SienickiAbstract:Abstract The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle is a promising advanced alternative to the Rankine steam cycle and recuperated gas Brayton cycle for the energy converters of specific reactor concepts belonging to the U.S. Department of Energy Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative. A new Plant dynamics analysis computer code has been developed for simulation of the S-CO2 Brayton cycle coupled to an autonomous, natural circulation lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). The Plant dynamics code was used to simulate the whole-Plant Response to accident conditions. The specific design features of the reactor concept influencing passive safety are discussed and accident scenarios are identified for analysis. Results of calculations of the whole-Plant Response to loss-of-heat sink, loss-of-load, and pipe break accidents are demonstrated. The passive safety performance of the reactor concept is confirmed by the results of the Plant dynamics code calculations for the selected accident scenarios.
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transient accident analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle energy converter coupled to an autonomous lead cooled fast reactor
Volume 3: Structural Integrity; Nuclear Engineering Advances; Next Generation Systems; Near Term Deployment and Promotion of Nuclear Energy, 2006Co-Authors: Anton Moisseytsev, James J SienickiAbstract:The Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (S-CO2 ) Brayton Cycle is a promising advanced alternative to the Rankine saturated steam cycle and recuperated gas Brayton cycle for the energy converters of specific reactor concepts belonging to the U.S. Department of Energy Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative. A new Plant dynamics analysis computer code has been developed for simulation of the S-CO2 Brayton cycle coupled to an autonomous, natural circulation Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR). The Plant dynamics code was used to simulate the whole-Plant Response to accident conditions. The specific design features of the reactor concept influencing passive safety are discussed and accident scenarios are identified for analysis. Results of calculations of the whole-Plant Response to loss-of-heat sink, loss-of-load, and pipe break accidents are demonstrated. The passive safety performance of the reactor concept is confirmed by the results of the Plant dynamics code calculations for the selected accident scenarios.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
E Mcpherson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evidence of a feedback mechanism limiting Plant Response to elevated carbon dioxide
Nature, 1993Co-Authors: Sandra Diaz, J P Grime, James A Harris, E McphersonAbstract:IN short-term experiments under productive laboratory conditions, native herbaceous Plants differ widely in their potential to achieve higher yields at elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide1–8. The most responsive species appear to be large fast-growing perennials of recently disturbed fertile soils7,8. These types of Plants are currently increasing in abundance9 but it is not known whether this is an effect of rising carbon dioxide or is due to other factors. Doubts concerning the potential of natural vegetation for sustained Response to rising carbon dioxide have arisen from experiments on infertile soils, where the stimulus to growth was curtailed by mineral nutrient limitations2,3,10. Here we present evidence that mineral nutrient constraints on the fertilizer effect of elevated carbon dioxide can also occur on fertile soil and in the earliest stages of secondary succession. Our data indicate that there may be a feedback mechanism in which elevated carbon dioxide causes an increase in substrate release into the rhizosphere by non-mycorrhizal Plants, leading to mineral nutrient sequestration by the expanded microflora and a consequent nutritional limitation on Plant growth.
