The Experts below are selected from a list of 10137 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael J Wingfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
rust puccinia psidii recorded in indonesia poses a threat to forests and Forestry in south east asia
Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016Co-Authors: Alistair R Mctaggart, Jolanda Roux, Ginna M Granados, Abdul Gafur, Marthin Tarrigan, P Santhakumar, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Over the past decade, Puccinia psidii, which causes rust on species of Myrtaceae, has spread rapidly to new areas and is now widespread. Quarantine has done little to prevent its movement through the Americas, the Pacific, Africa, and in this report, South-East Asia. Puccinia psidii is reported for the first time from Indonesia on two genera of Myrtaceae, namely Eucalyptus and Melaleuca. Its identity was confirmed using morphology, a molecular barcode comparison to an epitype specimen, and with a molecular phylogenetic approach. Comparison of seven microsatellite markers indicates that the rust genotype in Indonesia and Australia is identical. The potential impacts of P. psidii in South-East Asia to the natural environment and Plantation Forestry are discussed in light of this first report from the region.
-
established and new technologies reduce increasing pest and pathogen threats to eucalypt Plantations
Forest Ecology and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Michael J Wingfield, Alexander Andrew Myburg, Jolanda Roux, Bernard Slippers, Brett Phillip Hurley, Jeffrey R Garnas, Brenda D WingfieldAbstract:Abstract Plantation Forestry based on Eucalyptus spp. has grown dramatically during the past 100 years, mainly in the tropics and southern hemisphere where these trees are non-native. Early Plantations were affected by pests and pathogens, although damage was generally minimal. This is a situation that is changing dramatically with serious pest and pathogen problems now emerging regularly and often times causing very serious damage. Given the growing movement of people and products around the world, this is a trend that is certain to continue and the threat of diseases and insect damage is now seen as one of the most important constraints to the future sustainability of Eucalypt Plantation Forestry globally. While this is a very troubling situation, there are also reasons to be optimistic. Established technologies such as breeding and selection of disease and insect resistant species and hybrids; enhanced through vegetative propagation have already shown substantial promise to reduce damage. Likewise, biological control is being effectively used to reduce damage due to invasive alien insect pests. New technologies including DNA-based tools for identification, detection and monitoring of pest and pathogens are increasingly valuable. Similarly, the growing availability of genome sequences for Eucalypts and for their pests and pathogens will increasingly add to our capacity to reduce damage. While there are unknown dangers such as the impact of climate change on the damage caused by pests and pathogens, we believe that continual and realistic investment in technology will ensure long term sustainability of Eucalypt Plantation Forestry. Failure to invest wisely will result in the collapse of Plantation enterprises and concomitant loss in investments.
-
the myrtle rust pathogen puccinia psidii discovered in africa
IMA Fungus, 2013Co-Authors: Jolanda Roux, Teresa A Coutinho, Izette Greyling, Marcel Verleur, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Puccinia psidii, the cause of a disease today commonly referred to as Myrtle rust, is considered a high priority quarantine threat globally. It has a wide host range in the Myrtaceae and it is feared that it may result in significant damage to native ecosystems where these plants occur. The fungus is also of considerable concern to Plantation Forestry industries that propagate Australian Eucalyptus species. In May 2013, symptoms of a rust disease resembling those of P. psidii were observed on an ornamental Myrtaceous shrub in a garden in South Africa. The fungus was identified based on DNA sequence data of the ITS and 5.8S nrRNA gene regions and here we report, for the first time, the presence of P. psidii in Africa.
-
biological control of forest Plantation pests in an interconnected world requires greater international focus
International Journal of Pest Management, 2012Co-Authors: Jeffrey R Garnas, Bernard Slippers, Brett P Hurley, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:The worldwide homogenization of genetic resources used in Plantation Forestry (primarily Pinus, Eucalypus, Populus and Acacia spp.) together with accelerating rates of human-aided dispersal of exotic pests, is resulting in Plantation pests becoming broadly distributed extremely quickly, sometimes reaching a global distribution within a decade. This unprecedented rate of establishment and spread means that the risk associated with new and emerging pests is shared globally. Biological control represents a major component of the strategy to mitigate such risk, but the current efforts and scope for developing such controls are woefully inadequate for dealing with the increasing rates of pest spread. Given the global nature of the problem, biological control would benefit enormously from an international, collaborative focus. Though inherent difficulties and potential pitfalls exist, opportunities for cost-sharing, growth and maintenance of resources and capacity, and more comprehensive research programmes are...
-
Plantation Forestry diseases in Zambia: Contributing factors and management options
Annals of Forest Science, 2010Co-Authors: Donald Chungu, Michael J Wingfield, Ambayeba Muimba-kankolongo, Jolanda RouxAbstract:Plantation Forestry in Zambia is based mainly on non-native Eucalyptus and Pinus species and constitutes an important component of the country's economy. The productivity of these Plantations is, however, threatened by several factors, including fungal pathogens that reduce timber quality and cause tree mortality.* In this paper we present a review of diseases affecting Plantation Forestry and highlight factors that may favour their development and severity in the country.* Plantation health management in the country is seriously hampered by a general lack of information on pests and diseases affecting these Plantations. In this regard, most research has been done more than 30 years ago, and very few pathogens have been identified to species level using modern identification techniques.* Recent surveys identified several previously unknown diseases of Eucalyptus spp. in the country, emphasizing the importance of renewed research on this topic. The impact of diseases associated with these pathogens has been exacerbated by poor Plantation management, insufficient financial resources and lack of human capacity to deal with them.* Successful Plantation management in Zambia will require increased and improved training of foresters regarding tree health issues, more effective quarantine, silvicultural practices, and importantly, the establishment of sound breeding and selection programmes. These will require considerable commitment from Government, commercial companies and research and educational organizations in the country.
Jolanda Roux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
rust puccinia psidii recorded in indonesia poses a threat to forests and Forestry in south east asia
Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016Co-Authors: Alistair R Mctaggart, Jolanda Roux, Ginna M Granados, Abdul Gafur, Marthin Tarrigan, P Santhakumar, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Over the past decade, Puccinia psidii, which causes rust on species of Myrtaceae, has spread rapidly to new areas and is now widespread. Quarantine has done little to prevent its movement through the Americas, the Pacific, Africa, and in this report, South-East Asia. Puccinia psidii is reported for the first time from Indonesia on two genera of Myrtaceae, namely Eucalyptus and Melaleuca. Its identity was confirmed using morphology, a molecular barcode comparison to an epitype specimen, and with a molecular phylogenetic approach. Comparison of seven microsatellite markers indicates that the rust genotype in Indonesia and Australia is identical. The potential impacts of P. psidii in South-East Asia to the natural environment and Plantation Forestry are discussed in light of this first report from the region.
-
established and new technologies reduce increasing pest and pathogen threats to eucalypt Plantations
Forest Ecology and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Michael J Wingfield, Alexander Andrew Myburg, Jolanda Roux, Bernard Slippers, Brett Phillip Hurley, Jeffrey R Garnas, Brenda D WingfieldAbstract:Abstract Plantation Forestry based on Eucalyptus spp. has grown dramatically during the past 100 years, mainly in the tropics and southern hemisphere where these trees are non-native. Early Plantations were affected by pests and pathogens, although damage was generally minimal. This is a situation that is changing dramatically with serious pest and pathogen problems now emerging regularly and often times causing very serious damage. Given the growing movement of people and products around the world, this is a trend that is certain to continue and the threat of diseases and insect damage is now seen as one of the most important constraints to the future sustainability of Eucalypt Plantation Forestry globally. While this is a very troubling situation, there are also reasons to be optimistic. Established technologies such as breeding and selection of disease and insect resistant species and hybrids; enhanced through vegetative propagation have already shown substantial promise to reduce damage. Likewise, biological control is being effectively used to reduce damage due to invasive alien insect pests. New technologies including DNA-based tools for identification, detection and monitoring of pest and pathogens are increasingly valuable. Similarly, the growing availability of genome sequences for Eucalypts and for their pests and pathogens will increasingly add to our capacity to reduce damage. While there are unknown dangers such as the impact of climate change on the damage caused by pests and pathogens, we believe that continual and realistic investment in technology will ensure long term sustainability of Eucalypt Plantation Forestry. Failure to invest wisely will result in the collapse of Plantation enterprises and concomitant loss in investments.
-
the myrtle rust pathogen puccinia psidii discovered in africa
IMA Fungus, 2013Co-Authors: Jolanda Roux, Teresa A Coutinho, Izette Greyling, Marcel Verleur, Michael J WingfieldAbstract:Puccinia psidii, the cause of a disease today commonly referred to as Myrtle rust, is considered a high priority quarantine threat globally. It has a wide host range in the Myrtaceae and it is feared that it may result in significant damage to native ecosystems where these plants occur. The fungus is also of considerable concern to Plantation Forestry industries that propagate Australian Eucalyptus species. In May 2013, symptoms of a rust disease resembling those of P. psidii were observed on an ornamental Myrtaceous shrub in a garden in South Africa. The fungus was identified based on DNA sequence data of the ITS and 5.8S nrRNA gene regions and here we report, for the first time, the presence of P. psidii in Africa.
-
Plantation Forestry diseases in Zambia: Contributing factors and management options
Annals of Forest Science, 2010Co-Authors: Donald Chungu, Michael J Wingfield, Ambayeba Muimba-kankolongo, Jolanda RouxAbstract:Plantation Forestry in Zambia is based mainly on non-native Eucalyptus and Pinus species and constitutes an important component of the country's economy. The productivity of these Plantations is, however, threatened by several factors, including fungal pathogens that reduce timber quality and cause tree mortality.* In this paper we present a review of diseases affecting Plantation Forestry and highlight factors that may favour their development and severity in the country.* Plantation health management in the country is seriously hampered by a general lack of information on pests and diseases affecting these Plantations. In this regard, most research has been done more than 30 years ago, and very few pathogens have been identified to species level using modern identification techniques.* Recent surveys identified several previously unknown diseases of Eucalyptus spp. in the country, emphasizing the importance of renewed research on this topic. The impact of diseases associated with these pathogens has been exacerbated by poor Plantation management, insufficient financial resources and lack of human capacity to deal with them.* Successful Plantation management in Zambia will require increased and improved training of foresters regarding tree health issues, more effective quarantine, silvicultural practices, and importantly, the establishment of sound breeding and selection programmes. These will require considerable commitment from Government, commercial companies and research and educational organizations in the country.
-
diseases of Plantation Forestry trees in eastern and southern africa
South African Journal of Science, 2005Co-Authors: Jolanda Roux, G Meke, B Kanyi, A MbagaAbstract:Plantation Forestry is of growing importance in many countries of southern and eastern Africa. With the increased planting, the threat of pests and diseases to these new timber resources has also grown. The significance of pests and diseases to Forestry planta- tions not only applies to the countries in which they are being set up, but also to neighbouring states where Plantations are already established. Disease surveys have previously been conducted in East Africa, but mostly more than 20 years ago. We have undertaken a series of surveys in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia to obtain information on the present disease situation in eastern and southern Africa. Some diseases known from other areas of the world were identified and many of these represent new reports from the countries in which they have been found. The diseases encountered included cankers caused by species of Chrysoporthe, Botryosphaeria and Coniothyrium zuluense on Eucalyptus species; leaf and shoot diseases caused by species of Mycosphaerella and Cylindrocladium on Eucalyptus spp.; root rot caused by Armillaria spp. on Eucalyptus, Pinus and Acacia spp.; die-back and canker on Pinus spp. caused by Diplodia pinea and on Acacia mearnsii Phyrophthora root rot and wilt caused by Cerato- cystis albifundus Some of these diseases can impart serious eco- nomic losses, so that Forestry companies and organizations in East and southern Africa will need to re-vitalize or establish breeding and selection programmes to identify disease-tolerant planting stock. The preliminary surveys reported here provide a basis for the establishment of an effective African tree health network.
Peter Westoby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
carbon colonialism and the new land grab Plantation Forestry in uganda and its livelihood impacts
Journal of Rural Studies, 2014Co-Authors: Kristen Lyons, Peter WestobyAbstract:Private sector investment has become increasingly central to development in the global south, and in recent years these interventions have taken a ‘green’ turn. This is demonstrated via investment in economic activities associated with environmental claims, including Plantation Forestry and carbon trading initiatives. Many of these green initiatives represent market-based responses to climate change that rely upon the implementation of mitigation strategies in the global south to offset industrial and polluting activities in the global north. In this paper we explore the activities of Green Resources, the largest Plantation Forestry operator on the African continent. Through an examination of the activities of Green Resources in Uganda, this paper argues that while private sector international investment in Plantation Forestry for carbon offsetting is widely supported as responding to the nation's environmental crisis, it is part of a carbon colonialism and neoliberal land grab. There are profound adverse local livelihood outcomes that arise on the basis of this carbon colonialism. After discussing these themes in turn, this paper concludes that the commodification and fetishing of carbon via global carbon markets disconnects northern-based carbon credit consumers from adverse local livelihood impacts for those living in, and adjacent to, Forestry Plantations. These impacts point to the limits of north–south market-based green development interventions as solutions to climate change.
-
the darker side of green Plantation Forestry and carbon violence in uganda
QUT Business School, 2014Co-Authors: Kristen Lyons, Carol Richards, Peter WestobyAbstract:In recent years, there has been a significant trend toward land acquisition in developing countries, establishing Forestry Plantations for offsetting carbon pollution generated in the Global North. Badged as “green economic development,” global carbon markets are often championed not only as solutions to climate change, but as drivers of positive development outcomes for local communities. But there is mounting evidence that these corporate land acquisitions for climate change mitigation—including Forestry Plantations—severely compromise not only local ecologies but also the livelihoods of the some of the world’s most vulnerable people living at subsistence level in rural areas in developing countries.
Jose M Villacide - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
management of sirex noctilio populations in exotic pine Plantations critical issues explaining invasion success and damage levels in south america
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Juan C Corley, Maria Victoria Lantschner, Andres S Martinez, Deborah Fischbein, Jose M VillacideAbstract:Plantation Forestry with non-native trees is steadily increasing in the southern hemisphere and alien pest problems are also accumulating, as a consequence of the growing international movement of people and goods. Here, we present an overview of studies on the ecology and on the control practices deployed against the European woodboring wasp Sirex noctilio, in South America. Management actions have been largely adopted from other southern hemisphere countries, although generally with very little local adaptation or critical evaluation of successes and failures. The knowledge acquired in South America allows us to look retrospectively at critical issues that explain woodwasp invasion success and damage levels, and to identify specific research areas that warrant further work. We emphasize the need of population ecology studies in both the invaded and native ranges, the development of specific sampling protocols, and detailed studies aimed at evaluating the role played by natural enemies in preventing large-scale population outbreaks. These demands may be generalized to the management of other invasive pests in Plantation Forestry with non-native trees in the southern hemisphere.
-
management of sirex noctilio populations in exotic pine Plantations critical issues explaining invasion success and damage levels in south america
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Juan C Corley, Maria Victoria Lantschner, Andres S Martinez, Deborah Fischbein, Jose M VillacideAbstract:Plantation Forestry with non-native trees is steadily increasing in the southern hemisphere and alien pest problems are also accumulating, as a consequence of the growing international movement of people and goods. Here, we present an overview of studies on the ecology and on the control practices deployed against the European woodboring wasp Sirex noctilio, in South America. Management actions have been largely adopted from other southern hemisphere countries, although generally with very little local adaptation or critical evaluation of successes and failures. The knowledge acquired in South America allows us to look retrospectively at critical issues that explain woodwasp invasion success and damage levels, and to identify specific research areas that warrant further work. We emphasize the need of population ecology studies in both the invaded and native ranges, the development of specific sampling protocols, and detailed studies aimed at evaluating the role played by natural enemies in preventing large-scale population outbreaks. These demands may be generalized to the management of other invasive pests in Plantation Forestry with non-native trees in the southern hemisphere.
Simon Harrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the impact of catchment conifer Plantation Forestry on the hydrochemistry of peatland lakes
Science of The Total Environment, 2013Co-Authors: T. J. Drinan, Conor Graham, John Ohalloran, Simon HarrisonAbstract:The hydrochemistry of 26 small blanket bog lakes was examined to assess the impact of conifer Plantation Forestry on lake water chemistry. Lakes were selected from three distinct catchment land use categories: i) unplanted blanket bog only present in the catchment, ii) mature (closed-canopy) conifer Plantation forests only present in the catchment and iii) catchments containing mature conifer Plantation forests with recently clearfelled areas. All three catchment land uses were replicated across two geologies: sedimentary (sandstone) and igneous (granite). Lakes with afforested catchments across both geologies had elevated concentrations of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), total dissolved organic carbon (TDOC), aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe), with the highest concentrations of each parameter recorded from lakes with catchment clearfelling. Dissolved oxygen was also significantly reduced in the afforested lakes, particularly the clearfell lakes. Analysis of runoff from a nearby recently clearfelled site revealed high biological and chemical oxygen demands, consistent with at least part of the elevated concentrations of TDOC emanating from clearfelled sites having higher biochemical lability. Inorganic fertilisers applied at the start of the forest cycle, the decay of the underlying peat soil and accumulated surface tree litter, and leachate from felled trees are the likely sources of the elevated concentrations of plant nutrients, TDOC, heavy metals and major ions, with excessive peat soil disturbance during clearfelling likely exacerbating the runoff into lakes. Our study has demonstrated a clear, deleterious impact of conifer Plantations on the water quality draining from blanket bog catchments, with major implications for the management of afforested peatlands.
-
The impact of conifer Plantation Forestry on the Chydoridae (Cladocera) communities of peatland lakes
Hydrobiologia, 2012Co-Authors: T. J. Drinan, Conor T. Graham, John O'halloran, Simon HarrisonAbstract:Conifer Plantation Forestry is recognised as a potential source of diffuse pollution to surface waters and represents a risk to their ecological status. In this study, the water chemistry and Chydoridae (Cladocera) communities of 26 small blanket bog lakes were investigated to assess the impact of Plantation Forestry. The study was conducted over a 12-month period in 2009–2010 by comparing lakes with three distinct catchment land uses: (i) unplanted blanket bog only present in the catchment, (ii) mature conifer Plantation forests only present in the catchment and (iii) catchments containing mature conifer Plantation forests with recently clearfelled areas. All three catchment land uses were replicated across two geologies: sandstone and granite. Lakes with afforested catchments had very high concentrations of plant nutrients (P and N), total dissolved organic carbon (TDOC) and heavy metals (Al and Fe), the highest concentrations being recorded from the clearfelled lakes. Similarly, the chydorid communities differed between lakes of contrasting catchment land use. The dominance of Alonopsis elongata in the unplanted blanket bog lakes shifted to dominance by the smaller bodied Chydorus sphaericus, along with Alonella nana, Alonella excisa and Alonella exigua, in the Plantation Forestry-effected lakes, consistent with a shift in lake trophy. Our findings have shown that Plantation Forestry can have a profound impact on the water quality of small peatland lakes, especially at the clearfell stage. The response of the chydorid communities is consistent with Plantation Forestry exerting a trophic, rather than an acidic or toxic, effect on lake ecosystems.