The Experts below are selected from a list of 396 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nathan S Boyd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
long term effect of fumigation and a sorghum cover crop on broadleaf and grass weeds in plastic mulched tomato
Pest Management Science, 2021Co-Authors: Shaun M Sharpe, Nathan S BoydAbstract:BACKGROUND Broadleaf and grass weeds can adversely affect growth and productivity of plastic-mulched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Two, four-year research trials were conducted in Florida to evaluate the effect of repeated fumigation and chemical fallow versus a sorghum [Sorghum bicolor S. bicolor var. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.] cover crop on broadleaf and grass weeds in tomato Plasticulture. RESULTS 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D) + chloropicrin (Pic), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) + Pic, and DMDS + metam potassium effectively controlled broadleaf weeds in-crop and reduced densities by 79-98% compared to the non-fumigated control but provided inconsistent control of grass weeds. DMDS + metam potassium was generally the most effective fumigant. During the fallow period, a sorghum cover crop effectively reduced broadleaf weed density than the chemical fallow, while chemical fallow effectively reduced grass weed density than the cover crop. The fallow program did not affect in-crop densities of broadleaf and grass weeds. In some measurements, the evaluated fumigants resulted in taller tomato plants and higher yield compared to the non-fumigated control. CONCLUSION We conclude that the evaluated soil fumigants effectively control broadleaf and grass weeds. Planting a sorghum cover crop effectively suppresses broadleaf weeds but not grasses during the fallow period. However, this suppression does not result in reduced weed density in-crop despite the fact that similar weed species were observed in both time periods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
-
efficacy of metam potassium on fusarium oxysporum macrophomina phaseolina meloidogyne javanica and seven weed species in microcosm experiments
Pest Management Science, 2020Co-Authors: Kshitij Khatri, Gary E Vallad, Natalia A Peres, Johan Desaegaer, Homan Regmi, Nathan S BoydAbstract:BACKGROUND Metam potassium (metam-K) is a soil fumigant widely used to control plant pathogens, nematodes, and weeds in Florida Plasticulture production. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of metam-K against Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Meloidogyne javanica, and seven important weed species under controlled conditions. The optimal rates generated in this study provide insight into the efficacy of metam-K for field application. RESULTS F. oxysporum and M. phaseolina were similarly sensitive toward metam-K with a 90% effective concentration (EC90 ) of 478 and 493 μmol kg-1 soil, respectively. Meloidogyne javanica was the most sensitive pest with an EC90 of 25 μmol kg-1 which is similar to previous studies. Chenopodium album was the most sensitive weed seed with an EC90 of 260 μmol kg-1 . Geranium carolinianum and Medicago lupulina were the least sensitive weed species with EC90 values of 786 and 567 μmol kg-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION It is apparent from these results that metam-K can effectively control important pests in Florida Plasticulture production systems with the correct application rate and adequate exposure of pest to the fumigant.
-
pest control with drip applied dimethyl disulfide and chloropicrin in plastic mulched tomato solanum lycopersicum l
Pest Management Science, 2020Co-Authors: Gary E Vallad, Shaun M Sharpe, Jialin Yu, Nathan S BoydAbstract:BACKGROUND: Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is used as a preplant soil fumigant for weed and soilborne pathogen control in Plasticulture vegetable crops. The objective of this research was to determine the control efficacy of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation of DMDS or DMDS + chloropicrin (Pic) on weed and Fusarium wilt in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plasticulture. RESULTS: The effective DMDS rates required to provide 50% (ER50 ) control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) were 210 and 340 kg ha(-1) at 4 weeks after fumigation (WAF) in fall 2017 and fall 2018, respectively, while these values increased to 348 and >467 kg ha(-1) , respectively, at 12 WAF. The ER50 values of DMDS + Pic were 150 and 240 kg ha(-1) at 4 WAF in fall 2017 and fall 2018, respectively, while these values increased to 255 and 450 kg ha(-1) , respectively, at 12 WAF. DMDS + Pic was generally more effective than DMDS for C. rotundus control. The high rates of DMDS or DMDS + Pic provided adequate C. rotundus control in early season but failed to provide effective control by season end. In addition, DMDS + Pic injections through drip tape effectively reduced Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculum while DMDS alone was generally ineffective. CONCLUSION: Injection of the EC formulation of DMDS or DMDS + Pic through drip tape should have been provided a viable option for C. rotundus and Fusarium wilt control in plastic-mulched tomato. However, supplemental weed management actions, such as herbicide applications, may be required to achieve season-long control. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
-
Goosegrass Detection in Strawberry and Tomato Using a Convolutional Neural Network
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Shaun M Sharpe, Arnold W. Schumann, Nathan S BoydAbstract:Abstract Goosegrass is a problematic weed species in Florida vegetable Plasticulture production. To reduce costs associated with goosegrass control, a post-emergence precision applicator is under development for use atop the planting beds. To facilitate in situ goosegrass detection and spraying, tiny- You Only Look Once 3 (YOLOv3-tiny) was evaluated as a potential detector. Two annotation techniques were evaluated: (1) annotation of the entire plant (EP) and (2) annotation of partial sections of the leaf blade (LB). For goosegrass detection in strawberry, the F-score was 0.75 and 0.85 for the EP and LB derived networks, respectively. For goosegrass detection in tomato, the F-score was 0.56 and 0.65 for the EP and LB derived networks, respectively. The LB derived networks increased recall at the cost of precision, compared to the EP derived networks. The LB annotation method demonstrated superior results within the context of production and precision spraying, ensuring more targets were sprayed with some over-spraying on false targets. The developed network provides online, real-time, and in situ detection capability for weed management field applications such as precision spraying and autonomous scouts
-
evaluation of allyl isothiocyanate as a soil fumigant for tomato lycopersicon esculentum mill production
Plant Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Gary E Vallad, Nathan S BoydAbstract:Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) are among the most damaging soilborne pests for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in the southeastern United States. Allyl isothiocyanate (allyl ITC) was evaluated as a potential fumigant alternative for control of soilborne pathogens, nematodes, and weeds. Shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC at rates ranging from 221 to 367 kg ha-1 exhibited excellent performance, reducing the recovery of total F. oxysporum from treated soils. Shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC at 367 kg ha-1 provided equivalent control of C. rotundus compared with 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin and metam potassium, respectively. Totally impermeable film (TIF) did not further reduce the recovery of F. oxysporum and various nematodes from soil treated with allyl ITC compared with virtually impermeable film (VIF). However, TIF mulch significantly improved C. rotundus control versus shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC treatments under VIF mulch. Overall, allyl ITC is an effective methyl bromide alternative against F. oxysporum, C. rotundus, and plant-parasitic nematodes Criconemella spp. and Hoplolaimus spp. in Plasticulture tomato production.
Aniruddha Balchandra Pandit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Energy conservation through solar energy assisted dryer for plastic processing industry
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: D. H. Kokate, D. M. Kale, Y. H. Shinde, S. P. Deshmukha, V. S. Korpale, Sudhir V. Panse, Aniruddha Balchandra PanditAbstract:Consumption of plastics is directly linked with economic growth of plastic industry of respective country. India's plastics consumption is only about 2% of the world. Despite of proposed growth, higher cost of Energy requirement for processing are obstructing growth of Plasticulture. Energy efficiency/ conservation measures in plastic processing requires attention to harness alternate energy sources through technological modifications during material processing. This paper depicts practical solution for partial usage of non- conventional energy source; solar energy in conventional plastic process method. About3-5 % of total energy required for processing is utilized for drying and precondition of material. Thus attempt is made to use solar energy for drying of Nylon-6 and polypropylene (PP) by designing natural convection based Solar Dryer. Drying of Nylon-6 is found to be in the falling rate period. Nylon-6 took nearly 6 hrs. (1days) to reach 0.15% moisture content value. Effective diffusivity is varied from 4 - 6.5 X 10-9cm2/sec. Temperature rise for PP material is achieved up to 70°C in the dryer, hence preheating is achieved with same dryer design. Solar dryer can certainly reduce conventional energy consumption during plastic processing at industrial scale. Cost benefit analysis shows that adaptation of solar energy dryer for plastic process industry lead to economic production of plastic goods. © 2014 The Authors.
-
Energy Conservation through Solar Energy Assisted Dryer for Plastic Processing Industry
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: D. H. Kokate, D. M. Kale, Y. H. Shinde, V. S. Korpale, Sudhir V. Panse, S.p. Deshmukh, Aniruddha Balchandra PanditAbstract:Abstract Consumption of plastics is directly linked with economic growth of plastic industry of respective country. India's plastics consumption is only about 2% of the world. Despite of proposed growth, higher cost of Energy requirement for processing are obstructing growth of Plasticulture. Energy efficiency/conservation measures in plastic processing requires attention to harness alternate energy sources through technological modifications during material processing. This paper depicts practical solution for partial usage of non- conventional energy source; solar energy in conventional plastic process method. About3-5% of total energy required for processing is utilized for drying and precondition of material. Thus attempt is made to use solar energy for drying of Nylon-6 and polypropylene (PP) by designing natural convection based Solar Dryer. Drying of Nylon-6 is found to be in the falling rate period. Nylon-6 took nearly 6 hrs. (1days) to reach 0.15% moisture content value. Effective diffusivity is varied from 4 - 6.5 X 10-9cm2/sec. Temperature rise for PP material is achieved up to 70 °C in the dryer, hence preheating is achieved with same dryer design. Solar dryer can certainly reduce conventional energy consumption during plastic processing at industrial scale. Cost benefit analysis shows that adaptation of solar energy dryer for plastic process industry lead to economic production of plastic goods.
D. H. Kokate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Energy conservation through solar energy assisted dryer for plastic processing industry
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: D. H. Kokate, D. M. Kale, Y. H. Shinde, S. P. Deshmukha, V. S. Korpale, Sudhir V. Panse, Aniruddha Balchandra PanditAbstract:Consumption of plastics is directly linked with economic growth of plastic industry of respective country. India's plastics consumption is only about 2% of the world. Despite of proposed growth, higher cost of Energy requirement for processing are obstructing growth of Plasticulture. Energy efficiency/ conservation measures in plastic processing requires attention to harness alternate energy sources through technological modifications during material processing. This paper depicts practical solution for partial usage of non- conventional energy source; solar energy in conventional plastic process method. About3-5 % of total energy required for processing is utilized for drying and precondition of material. Thus attempt is made to use solar energy for drying of Nylon-6 and polypropylene (PP) by designing natural convection based Solar Dryer. Drying of Nylon-6 is found to be in the falling rate period. Nylon-6 took nearly 6 hrs. (1days) to reach 0.15% moisture content value. Effective diffusivity is varied from 4 - 6.5 X 10-9cm2/sec. Temperature rise for PP material is achieved up to 70°C in the dryer, hence preheating is achieved with same dryer design. Solar dryer can certainly reduce conventional energy consumption during plastic processing at industrial scale. Cost benefit analysis shows that adaptation of solar energy dryer for plastic process industry lead to economic production of plastic goods. © 2014 The Authors.
-
Energy Conservation through Solar Energy Assisted Dryer for Plastic Processing Industry
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: D. H. Kokate, D. M. Kale, Y. H. Shinde, V. S. Korpale, Sudhir V. Panse, S.p. Deshmukh, Aniruddha Balchandra PanditAbstract:Abstract Consumption of plastics is directly linked with economic growth of plastic industry of respective country. India's plastics consumption is only about 2% of the world. Despite of proposed growth, higher cost of Energy requirement for processing are obstructing growth of Plasticulture. Energy efficiency/conservation measures in plastic processing requires attention to harness alternate energy sources through technological modifications during material processing. This paper depicts practical solution for partial usage of non- conventional energy source; solar energy in conventional plastic process method. About3-5% of total energy required for processing is utilized for drying and precondition of material. Thus attempt is made to use solar energy for drying of Nylon-6 and polypropylene (PP) by designing natural convection based Solar Dryer. Drying of Nylon-6 is found to be in the falling rate period. Nylon-6 took nearly 6 hrs. (1days) to reach 0.15% moisture content value. Effective diffusivity is varied from 4 - 6.5 X 10-9cm2/sec. Temperature rise for PP material is achieved up to 70 °C in the dryer, hence preheating is achieved with same dryer design. Solar dryer can certainly reduce conventional energy consumption during plastic processing at industrial scale. Cost benefit analysis shows that adaptation of solar energy dryer for plastic process industry lead to economic production of plastic goods.
David W. Monks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of drip applied metam sodium and s metolachlor on yellow nutsedge and common purslane in polyethylene mulched bell pepper and tomato
Weed Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel M Dayton, Sushila Chaudhari, Katherine M Jennings, David W. Monks, Greg W HoytAbstract:Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of metam sodium and S-metolachlor applied through drip irrigation on yellow nutsedge, common purslane, bell pepper, and tomato (injury and yield) in Plasticulture. Treatments consisted of weed-free, weedy, S-metolachlor alone at 0.85 kg ha-1, methyl bromide, metam sodium (43, 86, 176, and 358 kg ai ha-1) alone, and metam sodium (43, 86, 176, and 358 kg ai ha-1) followed by S-metolachlor at 0.85 kg ha-1. Metam sodium and S-metolachlor was applied preplant 2 wk before and 2 wk after transplanting (WAT) through drip irrigation, respectively. No injury was observed to bell pepper and tomato from metam sodium alone, or metam sodium fb S-metolachlor treatments. With the exception of yellow nutsedge density 15 WAT in bell pepper, herbicide program did not influence yellow nutsedge and common purslane density at 4 and 6 WAT and bell pepper and tomato yield. At 15 WAT, yellow nutsedge density was lower in treatments that received metam sodium fb S-metolachlor co...
-
RESPONSE OF GRAFTED TOMATO TO METRIBUZIN, FOMESAFEN S-METOLACHLOR, TRIFLURALIN, NAPROPAMIDE, AND HALOSULFURON
2015Co-Authors: Sushila Chaudhari, Katie M. Jennings, David W. MonksAbstract:Vegetable grafting is gaining popularity in the United States as an alternative to methyl bromide to control soil-borne pests and diseases. Tomato grafting has been successfully used to manage fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, root-knot nematodes, and certain abiotic stresses. In tomato production, weed management is critical to produce good quality fruit and yield. Fumigants, herbicides and hand weeding are the primary methods of weed control in Plasticulture tomato production. Several herbicides are registered for use in tomato including S-metolachlor, metribuzin, napropamide, halosulfuron, and trifluralin. However, the effect of these herbicides on grafted tomato plants with different rootstocks has not been well documented. Crop cultivars can exhibit differential tolerance and susceptibility to particular herbicides. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the response of grafted tomato to these herbicides. Grafted plants were produced at NC State University’s phytotron using the tube grafting technique (Rivard and Louws, 2006). Treatments consisted of Ameli
-
effect of drip applied herbicides on yellow nutsedge cyperus esculentus in Plasticulture
Weed Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Peter J. Dittmar, David W. Monks, Katherine M JenningsAbstract:Abstract Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effect of halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied through drip irrigation on yellow nutsedge. In greenhouse studies, yellow nutsedge control by halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron was greater (69 to 91%) than the nontreated control (0%). Yellow nutsedge treated with halosulfuron POST had a lower photosynthetic rate (0.6 to 22.6 µmol m−2 s−1) at 4, 7, and 14 d after treatment than the nontreated control (3.3 to 26.2 µmol m−2 s−1). Yellow nutsedge treated with trifloxysulfuron had lower photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance than the nontreated plants. In field studies at Clinton, NC, yellow nutsedge density increased from treatment (day 0) to 56 d after treatment in all treatments. Increase in yellow nutsedge density was 72 and 95% in drip-applied halosulfuron and imazosulfuron treatments compared with yellow nutsedge density increases of 876% for the same period in the nontreated plots. Yellow nutse...
-
palmer amaranth and large crabgrass growth with Plasticulture grown bell pepper
Weed Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Jason K Norsworthy, Katherine M Jennings, Marcos J Oliveira, Prashant Jha, Mayank S Malik, Juliana K Buckelew, David W. MonksAbstract:Field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 at Clemson, SC, and in 2004 at Clinton, NC, to quantify Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass growth and interference with Plasticulture-grown bell pepper over multiple environments and develop models which can be used on a regional basis to effectively time removal of these weeds. Experiments at both locations consisted of an early and a late spring planting, with the crop and weeds planted alone and in combination. Daily maximum and minimum air temperatures were used to calculate growing degree days (GDD, base 10 C) accumulated following bell pepper transplanting and weed emergence. Linear and nonlinear empirical models were used to describe ht, canopy width, and biomass production as a function of accumulated GDD. Palmer amaranth reduced bell pepper fruit set as early as 6 wk after transplanting (WATP) (648 GDD), whereas large crabgrass did not significantly reduce fruit set until 8 WATP (864 GDD). Using the developed models and assuming Palmer amaranth a...
-
effect of eastern black nightshade solanum ptycanthum on transplanted Plasticulture tomato grade and yield
Weed Science, 2006Co-Authors: Juliana K Buckelew, David W. MonksAbstract:Abstract Field experiments were conducted to determine density-dependent effects of eastern black nightshade season-long interference on tomato-yield loss when growing in-row with staked Plasticulture tomato. Eastern black nightshade was transplanted at densities of zero, one, two, three, four, or five plants per crop plant hole in the plastic. Eastern black nightshade densities of one to five reduced the number and weight of larger fruit grades (threes, extra larges, jumbos, marketables, totals) similarly but did not reduce yields of smaller fruit grades (culls, mediums, and larges) from the weed-free. Eastern black nightshade reduced percent yield loss of jumbo grade, the premium grade, which could be predicted by a rectangular hyperbola model. The value ($ ha−1) of jumbo fruit and the value of the sum of large, extra large, and jumbo grade was reduced at densities of eastern black nightshade as low as one plant per hole. Nomenclature: Eastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum (Dun.) SOLPT; tomato, L...
D. M. Kale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Energy conservation through solar energy assisted dryer for plastic processing industry
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: D. H. Kokate, D. M. Kale, Y. H. Shinde, S. P. Deshmukha, V. S. Korpale, Sudhir V. Panse, Aniruddha Balchandra PanditAbstract:Consumption of plastics is directly linked with economic growth of plastic industry of respective country. India's plastics consumption is only about 2% of the world. Despite of proposed growth, higher cost of Energy requirement for processing are obstructing growth of Plasticulture. Energy efficiency/ conservation measures in plastic processing requires attention to harness alternate energy sources through technological modifications during material processing. This paper depicts practical solution for partial usage of non- conventional energy source; solar energy in conventional plastic process method. About3-5 % of total energy required for processing is utilized for drying and precondition of material. Thus attempt is made to use solar energy for drying of Nylon-6 and polypropylene (PP) by designing natural convection based Solar Dryer. Drying of Nylon-6 is found to be in the falling rate period. Nylon-6 took nearly 6 hrs. (1days) to reach 0.15% moisture content value. Effective diffusivity is varied from 4 - 6.5 X 10-9cm2/sec. Temperature rise for PP material is achieved up to 70°C in the dryer, hence preheating is achieved with same dryer design. Solar dryer can certainly reduce conventional energy consumption during plastic processing at industrial scale. Cost benefit analysis shows that adaptation of solar energy dryer for plastic process industry lead to economic production of plastic goods. © 2014 The Authors.
-
Energy Conservation through Solar Energy Assisted Dryer for Plastic Processing Industry
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: D. H. Kokate, D. M. Kale, Y. H. Shinde, V. S. Korpale, Sudhir V. Panse, S.p. Deshmukh, Aniruddha Balchandra PanditAbstract:Abstract Consumption of plastics is directly linked with economic growth of plastic industry of respective country. India's plastics consumption is only about 2% of the world. Despite of proposed growth, higher cost of Energy requirement for processing are obstructing growth of Plasticulture. Energy efficiency/conservation measures in plastic processing requires attention to harness alternate energy sources through technological modifications during material processing. This paper depicts practical solution for partial usage of non- conventional energy source; solar energy in conventional plastic process method. About3-5% of total energy required for processing is utilized for drying and precondition of material. Thus attempt is made to use solar energy for drying of Nylon-6 and polypropylene (PP) by designing natural convection based Solar Dryer. Drying of Nylon-6 is found to be in the falling rate period. Nylon-6 took nearly 6 hrs. (1days) to reach 0.15% moisture content value. Effective diffusivity is varied from 4 - 6.5 X 10-9cm2/sec. Temperature rise for PP material is achieved up to 70 °C in the dryer, hence preheating is achieved with same dryer design. Solar dryer can certainly reduce conventional energy consumption during plastic processing at industrial scale. Cost benefit analysis shows that adaptation of solar energy dryer for plastic process industry lead to economic production of plastic goods.