The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott F. Dowell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influenza Circulation and the Burden of Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia during a Non-pandemic Period in the United States
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2010Co-Authors: Nicholas D. Walter, Thomas H. Taylor, David K. Shay, William W. Thompson, Lynnette Brammer, Scott F. Dowell, Matthew R. MooreAbstract:Animal models and data from influenza pandemics suggest that influenza infection predisposes individuals to Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Influenza may contribute to high winter rates of Pneumococcal Pneumonia during non-pandemic periods, but the magnitude of this effect is unknown. With use of United States surveillance data during 1995-2006, we estimated the association between influenza circulation and invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia rates. Weekly invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia incidence, defined by isolation of pneumococci from normally sterile sites in persons with clinical or radiographic Pneumonia, was estimated from active population-based surveillance in 3 regions of the United States. We used influenza virus data collected by World Health Organization collaborating laboratories in the same 3 regions in seasonally adjusted negative binomial regression models to estimate the influenza-associated fraction of Pneumococcal Pneumonia. During approximately 185 million person-years of surveillance, we observed 21,239 episodes of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia; 485,691 specimens were tested for influenza. Influenza circulation was associated with 11%-14% of Pneumococcal Pneumonia during periods of influenza circulation and 5%-6% overall. In 2 of 3 regions, the association was strongest when influenza circulation data were lagged by 1 week. During recent seasonal influenza epidemics in the United States, a modest but potentially preventable fraction of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia was associated with influenza circulation.
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influenza circulation and the burden of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia during a non pandemic period in the united states
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Nicholas D. Walter, Thomas H. Taylor, David K. Shay, William W. Thompson, Lynnette Brammer, Scott F. Dowell, Matthew R. MooreAbstract:BACKGROUND Animal models and data from influenza pandemics suggest that influenza infection predisposes individuals to Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Influenza may contribute to high winter rates of Pneumococcal Pneumonia during non-pandemic periods, but the magnitude of this effect is unknown. With use of United States surveillance data during 1995-2006, we estimated the association between influenza circulation and invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia rates. METHODS Weekly invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia incidence, defined by isolation of pneumococci from normally sterile sites in persons with clinical or radiographic Pneumonia, was estimated from active population-based surveillance in 3 regions of the United States. We used influenza virus data collected by World Health Organization collaborating laboratories in the same 3 regions in seasonally adjusted negative binomial regression models to estimate the influenza-associated fraction of Pneumococcal Pneumonia. RESULTS During approximately 185 million person-years of surveillance, we observed 21,239 episodes of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia; 485,691 specimens were tested for influenza. Influenza circulation was associated with 11%-14% of Pneumococcal Pneumonia during periods of influenza circulation and 5%-6% overall. In 2 of 3 regions, the association was strongest when influenza circulation data were lagged by 1 week. CONCLUSIONS During recent seasonal influenza epidemics in the United States, a modest but potentially preventable fraction of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia was associated with influenza circulation.
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severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia in previously healthy children the role of preceding influenza infection
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2000Co-Authors: Katherine L Obrien, M I Walters, Jonathan Sellman, P Quinlisk, H Regnery, B Schwartz, Scott F. DowellAbstract:An outbreak of severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia among children occurred in Iowa from November 1995 through January 1996. An associated outbreak of influenza disease was predominantly caused by influenza A (H1N1) for the first time since 1989. We conducted a case-control study to determine whether preceding influenza infection was directly associated with Pneumococcal illness. We identified 13 children with severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Patients were more likely than control subjects to report experiencing an influenza-like illness in the 7-28 days preceding admission (matched odds ratio [OR], 12.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-306). Likewise, family members of patients were more likely than those of control subjects to report experiencing an influenza-like illness in the 28 days preceding their admission date (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0-6. 3). Patients were more likely than control subjects to have a positive influenza A (H1N1) convalescent serology (matched OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.0-18.1). This study provides direct and indirect evidence that influenza infection led to severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia among these children. Prevention of Pneumococcal disease should be included among the potential benefits of influenza vaccination.
Katherine L. O’ Brien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimating the Burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Techniques
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: Maria A. Said, Hope L. Johnson, Bareng A. S. Nonyane, Maria Deloria-knoll, Katherine L. O’ BrienAbstract:Pneumococcal Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality among adults. Given limitations of diagnostic tests for non-bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia, most studies report the incidence of bacteremic or invasive Pneumococcal disease (IPD), and thus, grossly underestimate the Pneumococcal Pneumonia burden. We aimed to develop a conceptual and quantitative strategy to estimate the non-bacteremic disease burden among adults with community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) using systematic study methods and the availability of a urine antigen assay. We performed a systematic literature review of studies providing information on the relative yield of various diagnostic assays (BinaxNOW® S. Pneumoniae urine antigen test (UAT) with blood and/or sputum culture) in diagnosing Pneumococcal Pneumonia. We estimated the proportion of Pneumococcal Pneumonia that is bacteremic, the proportion of CAP attributable to pneumococcus, and the additional contribution of the Binax UAT beyond conventional diagnostic techniques, using random effects meta-analytic methods and bootstrapping. We included 35 studies in the analysis, predominantly from developed countries. The estimated proportion of Pneumococcal Pneumonia that is bacteremic was 24.8% (95% CI: 21.3%, 28.9%). The estimated proportion of CAP attributable to pneumococcus was 27.3% (95% CI: 23.9%, 31.1%). The Binax UAT diagnosed an additional 11.4% (95% CI: 9.6, 13.6%) of CAP beyond conventional techniques. We were limited by the fact that not all patients underwent all diagnostic tests and by the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tests themselves. We address these resulting biases and provide a range of plausible values in order to estimate the burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among adults. Estimating the adult burden of Pneumococcal disease from bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia data alone significantly underestimates the true burden of disease in adults. For every case of bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia, we estimate that there are at least 3 additional cases of non-bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia.
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estimating the burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among adults a systematic review and meta analysis of diagnostic techniques
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Maria A. Said, Hope L. Johnson, Bareng A. S. Nonyane, Maria Deloriaknoll, Katherine L. O’ BrienAbstract:Background Pneumococcal Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality among adults. Given limitations of diagnostic tests for non-bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia, most studies report the incidence of bacteremic or invasive Pneumococcal disease (IPD), and thus, grossly underestimate the Pneumococcal Pneumonia burden. We aimed to develop a conceptual and quantitative strategy to estimate the non-bacteremic disease burden among adults with community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) using systematic study methods and the availability of a urine antigen assay.
Matthew R. Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aging Population and Future Burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the United States
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Peter Wroe, Jonathan A. Finkelstein, G. Thomas Ray, Jeffrey A. Linder, Kristen M. Johnson, Sheryl L. Rifas-shiman, Matthew R. Moore, Susan S. HuangAbstract:Pneumococcal Pneumonia is concentrated among the elderly. Using a decision analytic model, we projected the future incidence of Pneumococcal Pneumonia and associated healthcare utilization and costs accounting for an aging US population. Between 2004 and 2040, as the population increases by 38%, Pneumococcal Pneumonia hospitalizations will increase by 96% (from 401 000 to 790 000), because population growth is fastest in older age groups experiencing the highest rates of Pneumococcal disease. Absent intervention, the total cost of Pneumococcal Pneumonia will increase by $2.5 billion annually, and the demand for healthcare services for Pneumococcal Pneumonia, especially inpatient capacity, will double in coming decades.
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Influenza Circulation and the Burden of Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia during a Non-pandemic Period in the United States
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2010Co-Authors: Nicholas D. Walter, Thomas H. Taylor, David K. Shay, William W. Thompson, Lynnette Brammer, Scott F. Dowell, Matthew R. MooreAbstract:Animal models and data from influenza pandemics suggest that influenza infection predisposes individuals to Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Influenza may contribute to high winter rates of Pneumococcal Pneumonia during non-pandemic periods, but the magnitude of this effect is unknown. With use of United States surveillance data during 1995-2006, we estimated the association between influenza circulation and invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia rates. Weekly invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia incidence, defined by isolation of pneumococci from normally sterile sites in persons with clinical or radiographic Pneumonia, was estimated from active population-based surveillance in 3 regions of the United States. We used influenza virus data collected by World Health Organization collaborating laboratories in the same 3 regions in seasonally adjusted negative binomial regression models to estimate the influenza-associated fraction of Pneumococcal Pneumonia. During approximately 185 million person-years of surveillance, we observed 21,239 episodes of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia; 485,691 specimens were tested for influenza. Influenza circulation was associated with 11%-14% of Pneumococcal Pneumonia during periods of influenza circulation and 5%-6% overall. In 2 of 3 regions, the association was strongest when influenza circulation data were lagged by 1 week. During recent seasonal influenza epidemics in the United States, a modest but potentially preventable fraction of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia was associated with influenza circulation.
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influenza circulation and the burden of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia during a non pandemic period in the united states
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Nicholas D. Walter, Thomas H. Taylor, David K. Shay, William W. Thompson, Lynnette Brammer, Scott F. Dowell, Matthew R. MooreAbstract:BACKGROUND Animal models and data from influenza pandemics suggest that influenza infection predisposes individuals to Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Influenza may contribute to high winter rates of Pneumococcal Pneumonia during non-pandemic periods, but the magnitude of this effect is unknown. With use of United States surveillance data during 1995-2006, we estimated the association between influenza circulation and invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia rates. METHODS Weekly invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia incidence, defined by isolation of pneumococci from normally sterile sites in persons with clinical or radiographic Pneumonia, was estimated from active population-based surveillance in 3 regions of the United States. We used influenza virus data collected by World Health Organization collaborating laboratories in the same 3 regions in seasonally adjusted negative binomial regression models to estimate the influenza-associated fraction of Pneumococcal Pneumonia. RESULTS During approximately 185 million person-years of surveillance, we observed 21,239 episodes of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia; 485,691 specimens were tested for influenza. Influenza circulation was associated with 11%-14% of Pneumococcal Pneumonia during periods of influenza circulation and 5%-6% overall. In 2 of 3 regions, the association was strongest when influenza circulation data were lagged by 1 week. CONCLUSIONS During recent seasonal influenza epidemics in the United States, a modest but potentially preventable fraction of invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia was associated with influenza circulation.
Chia-hung Kao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Association between Pneumococcal Pneumonia and venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients: A nationwide population-based study.
Respirology (Carlton Vic.), 2015Co-Authors: Yu-guang Chen, Cheng-li Lin, Te-yu Lin, Wen-yen Huang, Ming-shen Dai, Chia-hung KaoAbstract:Background and objectives This was a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to investigate the risk of developing deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with a Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Methods We analysed data from 1998 to 2010 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. The follow-up period was extended to the end of 2011. We identified patients with Pneumococcal Pneumonia and selected a comparison cohort matched for age, sex and diagnosis year at a ratio of one Pneumococcal Pneumonia patient to four control patients. We analysed the risks of DVT and PE by using Cox proportional hazards regression models, including gender, age and comorbidities. Results In total, 18,928 Pneumococcal Pneumonia patients and 75,712 controls were included in the study. The risks of developing DVT and PE were 1.78-fold (95% CI: 1.39-2.28) and 1.97-fold (95% CI: 1.43-2.72), respectively, in patients with Pneumococcal Pneumonia compared to the control cohort after adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities. The increased risks of DVT and PE were significant in patients who exhibited any comorbidity. The incidences of DVT and PE were highest in the first 4 weeks after Pneumonia and remained slightly elevated from 13 weeks to 2 years after acute infection. Conclusion Pneumococcal Pneumonia should be considered a risk factor for DVT and PE, even after the patient has recovered from the acute infection.
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia infection is associated with end-stage renal disease in adult hospitalized patients.
Kidney international, 2014Co-Authors: Shih Ting Huang, Cheng-li Lin, Yen-jung Chang, Yuh-pyng Sher, Kuo Hsiung Shu, Fung Chang Sung, Chia-hung KaoAbstract:Pneumococcal disease leads to renal complications ranging from persistent proteinuria to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in pediatric patients. However, long-term renal effects after Pneumococcal Pneumonia infection in adult patients remains largely unknown. To evaluate this we conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study consisting of 18,733 adult patients at the time of Pneumococcal Pneumonia diagnosis, using claims data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) with a comparison cohort of 73,409 age- and gender-matched patients without Pneumococcal Pneumonia. The overall incidence rate ratio of ESRD was 23% higher in those with Pneumococcal Pneumonia than in those without Pneumococcal Pneumonia (5.26 vs. 3.10 per 1000 person–years), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.29). In addition, the risk of developing ESRD was associated with covariates including age, gender, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure. The ESRD cumulative incidence curve showed a considerably higher risk of ESRD in those with Pneumococcal Pneumonia than in those without Pneumococcal Pneumonia (significant by log-rank test). Thus, Pneumococcal Pneumonia may be associated with an increased risk of ESRD in adult patients. A long-term follow-up of renal function is recommended for adult hospitalized patients with Pneumococcal Pneumonia infection.
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Increased lung cancer risk among patients with Pneumococcal Pneumonia: a nationwide population-based cohort study.
Lung, 2013Co-Authors: Te-yu Lin, Cheng-li Lin, Fung Chang Sung, Chia-hung Kao, Wen-yen Huang, Jung-chung Lin, Jun-jun YehAbstract:The possible effects of Pneumonia on subsequent lung cancer have been reported, but no relevant publications have focused on the association between Pneumococcal Pneumonia and lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to perform a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the risk of lung cancer after pneumococcus infection. This nationwide population-based cohort study was based on data obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. In total, 22,034 Pneumococcal Pneumonia patients and 88,136 controls, matched for age and sex, were recruited for the study from 1997 to 2010. The incidence rate of lung cancer (28.2 per 1,000 person-years) was significantly higher in Pneumococcal Pneumonia patients than in controls (8.7 per 1,000 person-years; incidence rate ratio, 3.25; 95 % confidence interval, 3.09-3.42; p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed a hazard ratio of 4.24 (95 % confidence interval, 3.96-4.55) for the Pneumococcal Pneumonia cohort after adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidities. Pneumococcal Pneumonia is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Thus, physicians should remain aware of this association when assessing patients with Pneumococcal Pneumonia.
Maria A. Said - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimating the Burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Techniques
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: Maria A. Said, Hope L. Johnson, Bareng A. S. Nonyane, Maria Deloria-knoll, Katherine L. O’ BrienAbstract:Pneumococcal Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality among adults. Given limitations of diagnostic tests for non-bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia, most studies report the incidence of bacteremic or invasive Pneumococcal disease (IPD), and thus, grossly underestimate the Pneumococcal Pneumonia burden. We aimed to develop a conceptual and quantitative strategy to estimate the non-bacteremic disease burden among adults with community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) using systematic study methods and the availability of a urine antigen assay. We performed a systematic literature review of studies providing information on the relative yield of various diagnostic assays (BinaxNOW® S. Pneumoniae urine antigen test (UAT) with blood and/or sputum culture) in diagnosing Pneumococcal Pneumonia. We estimated the proportion of Pneumococcal Pneumonia that is bacteremic, the proportion of CAP attributable to pneumococcus, and the additional contribution of the Binax UAT beyond conventional diagnostic techniques, using random effects meta-analytic methods and bootstrapping. We included 35 studies in the analysis, predominantly from developed countries. The estimated proportion of Pneumococcal Pneumonia that is bacteremic was 24.8% (95% CI: 21.3%, 28.9%). The estimated proportion of CAP attributable to pneumococcus was 27.3% (95% CI: 23.9%, 31.1%). The Binax UAT diagnosed an additional 11.4% (95% CI: 9.6, 13.6%) of CAP beyond conventional techniques. We were limited by the fact that not all patients underwent all diagnostic tests and by the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tests themselves. We address these resulting biases and provide a range of plausible values in order to estimate the burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among adults. Estimating the adult burden of Pneumococcal disease from bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia data alone significantly underestimates the true burden of disease in adults. For every case of bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia, we estimate that there are at least 3 additional cases of non-bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia.
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estimating the burden of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among adults a systematic review and meta analysis of diagnostic techniques
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Maria A. Said, Hope L. Johnson, Bareng A. S. Nonyane, Maria Deloriaknoll, Katherine L. O’ BrienAbstract:Background Pneumococcal Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality among adults. Given limitations of diagnostic tests for non-bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia, most studies report the incidence of bacteremic or invasive Pneumococcal disease (IPD), and thus, grossly underestimate the Pneumococcal Pneumonia burden. We aimed to develop a conceptual and quantitative strategy to estimate the non-bacteremic disease burden among adults with community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) using systematic study methods and the availability of a urine antigen assay.