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J. H. Payer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Composition of Copper Tarnish Products Formed in Moist Air with Trace Levels of Pollutant Gas: Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide/Hydrogen Sulfide
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1995Co-Authors: B. I. Rickett, J. H. PayerAbstract:The objective of the work reported here was to characterize the tarnish products formed on copper during the early stages of exposure to moist air with trace levels of Pollutant Gas, in particular hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide/hydrogen sul ide. As determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and coulometric reduction (chronopotentiometry), the exposure of copper to 50 ppb hydrogen sulfide at 23°C and 70% relative humidity was found to produce a tarnish layer consisting of Cu 2 O and Cu 2 S. Addition of 75 ppb sulfur dioxide to a 50 ppb hydrogen sulfide, moist air environment at 23°C and 70% relative humidity encouraged the growth of a thicker tarnish product layer, with proportionally more Cu 2 O in the Cu 2 O/Cu 2 S structure.
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composition of copper tarnish products formed in moist air with trace levels of Pollutant Gas sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1995Co-Authors: B. I. Rickett, J. H. PayerAbstract:The objective of the work reported here was to characterize the tarnish products formed on copper during the early stages of exposure to moist air with trace levels of Pollutant Gas, in particular, sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide/nitrogen dioxide. A mixed-flowing-Gas chamber was used to control part per billion (ppb) Gas concentrations, relative humidity, temperature, and flow conditions. Two analytical techniques, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and coulometric reduction (chronopotentiometry), were utilized to study the tarnish products. The exposure of copper to 75 ppb sulfur dioxide at 23°C and 70% relative humidity produced a Cu 2 O tarnish product layer containing a small amount of sulfide. Exposure of copper to 75 ppb sulfur dioxide and 120 ppb nitrogen dioxide at 23 and 70% relative humidity produced cupric species, CuO and Cu(OH) 2 , in addition to Cu 2 O. Trace amounts of sulfide and oxy-sulfur species were also detected.
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Composition of Copper Tarnish Products Formed in Moist Air with Trace Levels of Pollutant Gas: Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide/Nitrogen Dioxide
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1995Co-Authors: B. I. Rickett, J. H. PayerAbstract:The objective of the work reported here was to characterize the tarnish products formed on copper during the early stages of exposure to moist air with trace levels of Pollutant Gas, in particular, sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide/nitrogen dioxide. A mixed-flowing-Gas chamber was used to control part per billion (ppb) Gas concentrations, relative humidity, temperature, and flow conditions. Two analytical techniques, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and coulometric reduction (chronopotentiometry), were utilized to study the tarnish products. The exposure of copper to 75 ppb sulfur dioxide at 23°C and 70% relative humidity produced a Cu 2 O tarnish product layer containing a small amount of sulfide. Exposure of copper to 75 ppb sulfur dioxide and 120 ppb nitrogen dioxide at 23 and 70% relative humidity produced cupric species, CuO and Cu(OH) 2 , in addition to Cu 2 O. Trace amounts of sulfide and oxy-sulfur species were also detected.
B. I. Rickett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Composition of Copper Tarnish Products Formed in Moist Air with Trace Levels of Pollutant Gas: Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide/Hydrogen Sulfide
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1995Co-Authors: B. I. Rickett, J. H. PayerAbstract:The objective of the work reported here was to characterize the tarnish products formed on copper during the early stages of exposure to moist air with trace levels of Pollutant Gas, in particular hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide/hydrogen sul ide. As determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and coulometric reduction (chronopotentiometry), the exposure of copper to 50 ppb hydrogen sulfide at 23°C and 70% relative humidity was found to produce a tarnish layer consisting of Cu 2 O and Cu 2 S. Addition of 75 ppb sulfur dioxide to a 50 ppb hydrogen sulfide, moist air environment at 23°C and 70% relative humidity encouraged the growth of a thicker tarnish product layer, with proportionally more Cu 2 O in the Cu 2 O/Cu 2 S structure.
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composition of copper tarnish products formed in moist air with trace levels of Pollutant Gas sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1995Co-Authors: B. I. Rickett, J. H. PayerAbstract:The objective of the work reported here was to characterize the tarnish products formed on copper during the early stages of exposure to moist air with trace levels of Pollutant Gas, in particular, sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide/nitrogen dioxide. A mixed-flowing-Gas chamber was used to control part per billion (ppb) Gas concentrations, relative humidity, temperature, and flow conditions. Two analytical techniques, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and coulometric reduction (chronopotentiometry), were utilized to study the tarnish products. The exposure of copper to 75 ppb sulfur dioxide at 23°C and 70% relative humidity produced a Cu 2 O tarnish product layer containing a small amount of sulfide. Exposure of copper to 75 ppb sulfur dioxide and 120 ppb nitrogen dioxide at 23 and 70% relative humidity produced cupric species, CuO and Cu(OH) 2 , in addition to Cu 2 O. Trace amounts of sulfide and oxy-sulfur species were also detected.
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Composition of Copper Tarnish Products Formed in Moist Air with Trace Levels of Pollutant Gas: Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide/Nitrogen Dioxide
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1995Co-Authors: B. I. Rickett, J. H. PayerAbstract:The objective of the work reported here was to characterize the tarnish products formed on copper during the early stages of exposure to moist air with trace levels of Pollutant Gas, in particular, sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide/nitrogen dioxide. A mixed-flowing-Gas chamber was used to control part per billion (ppb) Gas concentrations, relative humidity, temperature, and flow conditions. Two analytical techniques, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and coulometric reduction (chronopotentiometry), were utilized to study the tarnish products. The exposure of copper to 75 ppb sulfur dioxide at 23°C and 70% relative humidity produced a Cu 2 O tarnish product layer containing a small amount of sulfide. Exposure of copper to 75 ppb sulfur dioxide and 120 ppb nitrogen dioxide at 23 and 70% relative humidity produced cupric species, CuO and Cu(OH) 2 , in addition to Cu 2 O. Trace amounts of sulfide and oxy-sulfur species were also detected.
Cuiping Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of the behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during wheat straw coal cofiring by tg ftir
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Cuiping Wang, Qing Liu, Hairui Yang, Fengyin WangAbstract:Abstract The behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during the firing of wheat straw and coal blends was examined experimentally by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Typical anthracite coal and wheat straw in central China were selected in this study. The ratio of coal to wheat straw by mass was set as 10:90, 15:85, 40:60 and 60:40 and the firing was carried using simulated air with oxygen and nitrogen Gases. The emission characteristics of Gas Pollutants such as HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx were determined by coupled Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The results showed that HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx emissions were closely related to the volatile combustion and char reacting stages. HCl emission was mainly released during the volatile combustion at the temperature between 220 and 450 °C. The profiles of HCl against temperature exhibit a single-peak, and the HCl peak occurred at 310 °C for all blends no matter what the ratio. The emission profiles of SO2, and NOx against temperature had the characteristic of two peaks. The first peak occurred around 320 °C for all blends, and however the second peak shifted towards higher temperatures as the coal content was increased in the blends. The study showed that combining the straw and coal can produce better emission control by reducing the magnitude of the peak releases. The analysis showed that the blended sample with 40% coal and 60% straw by mass produced the lowest levels of HCl, NOx and SO2 Gas emissions. The CO2 emission was mainly produced in the char combustion stage and purely increased with the carbon content in the blends.
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Analysis of the behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during wheat straw/coal cofiring by TG-FTIR
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Cuiping Wang, Qing Liu, Hairui Yang, Fengyin WangAbstract:Abstract The behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during the firing of wheat straw and coal blends was examined experimentally by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Typical anthracite coal and wheat straw in central China were selected in this study. The ratio of coal to wheat straw by mass was set as 10:90, 15:85, 40:60 and 60:40 and the firing was carried using simulated air with oxygen and nitrogen Gases. The emission characteristics of Gas Pollutants such as HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx were determined by coupled Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The results showed that HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx emissions were closely related to the volatile combustion and char reacting stages. HCl emission was mainly released during the volatile combustion at the temperature between 220 and 450 °C. The profiles of HCl against temperature exhibit a single-peak, and the HCl peak occurred at 310 °C for all blends no matter what the ratio. The emission profiles of SO2, and NOx against temperature had the characteristic of two peaks. The first peak occurred around 320 °C for all blends, and however the second peak shifted towards higher temperatures as the coal content was increased in the blends. The study showed that combining the straw and coal can produce better emission control by reducing the magnitude of the peak releases. The analysis showed that the blended sample with 40% coal and 60% straw by mass produced the lowest levels of HCl, NOx and SO2 Gas emissions. The CO2 emission was mainly produced in the char combustion stage and purely increased with the carbon content in the blends.
Fengyin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of the behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during wheat straw coal cofiring by tg ftir
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Cuiping Wang, Qing Liu, Hairui Yang, Fengyin WangAbstract:Abstract The behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during the firing of wheat straw and coal blends was examined experimentally by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Typical anthracite coal and wheat straw in central China were selected in this study. The ratio of coal to wheat straw by mass was set as 10:90, 15:85, 40:60 and 60:40 and the firing was carried using simulated air with oxygen and nitrogen Gases. The emission characteristics of Gas Pollutants such as HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx were determined by coupled Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The results showed that HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx emissions were closely related to the volatile combustion and char reacting stages. HCl emission was mainly released during the volatile combustion at the temperature between 220 and 450 °C. The profiles of HCl against temperature exhibit a single-peak, and the HCl peak occurred at 310 °C for all blends no matter what the ratio. The emission profiles of SO2, and NOx against temperature had the characteristic of two peaks. The first peak occurred around 320 °C for all blends, and however the second peak shifted towards higher temperatures as the coal content was increased in the blends. The study showed that combining the straw and coal can produce better emission control by reducing the magnitude of the peak releases. The analysis showed that the blended sample with 40% coal and 60% straw by mass produced the lowest levels of HCl, NOx and SO2 Gas emissions. The CO2 emission was mainly produced in the char combustion stage and purely increased with the carbon content in the blends.
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Analysis of the behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during wheat straw/coal cofiring by TG-FTIR
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Cuiping Wang, Qing Liu, Hairui Yang, Fengyin WangAbstract:Abstract The behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during the firing of wheat straw and coal blends was examined experimentally by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Typical anthracite coal and wheat straw in central China were selected in this study. The ratio of coal to wheat straw by mass was set as 10:90, 15:85, 40:60 and 60:40 and the firing was carried using simulated air with oxygen and nitrogen Gases. The emission characteristics of Gas Pollutants such as HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx were determined by coupled Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The results showed that HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx emissions were closely related to the volatile combustion and char reacting stages. HCl emission was mainly released during the volatile combustion at the temperature between 220 and 450 °C. The profiles of HCl against temperature exhibit a single-peak, and the HCl peak occurred at 310 °C for all blends no matter what the ratio. The emission profiles of SO2, and NOx against temperature had the characteristic of two peaks. The first peak occurred around 320 °C for all blends, and however the second peak shifted towards higher temperatures as the coal content was increased in the blends. The study showed that combining the straw and coal can produce better emission control by reducing the magnitude of the peak releases. The analysis showed that the blended sample with 40% coal and 60% straw by mass produced the lowest levels of HCl, NOx and SO2 Gas emissions. The CO2 emission was mainly produced in the char combustion stage and purely increased with the carbon content in the blends.
Qing Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of the behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during wheat straw coal cofiring by tg ftir
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Cuiping Wang, Qing Liu, Hairui Yang, Fengyin WangAbstract:Abstract The behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during the firing of wheat straw and coal blends was examined experimentally by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Typical anthracite coal and wheat straw in central China were selected in this study. The ratio of coal to wheat straw by mass was set as 10:90, 15:85, 40:60 and 60:40 and the firing was carried using simulated air with oxygen and nitrogen Gases. The emission characteristics of Gas Pollutants such as HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx were determined by coupled Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The results showed that HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx emissions were closely related to the volatile combustion and char reacting stages. HCl emission was mainly released during the volatile combustion at the temperature between 220 and 450 °C. The profiles of HCl against temperature exhibit a single-peak, and the HCl peak occurred at 310 °C for all blends no matter what the ratio. The emission profiles of SO2, and NOx against temperature had the characteristic of two peaks. The first peak occurred around 320 °C for all blends, and however the second peak shifted towards higher temperatures as the coal content was increased in the blends. The study showed that combining the straw and coal can produce better emission control by reducing the magnitude of the peak releases. The analysis showed that the blended sample with 40% coal and 60% straw by mass produced the lowest levels of HCl, NOx and SO2 Gas emissions. The CO2 emission was mainly produced in the char combustion stage and purely increased with the carbon content in the blends.
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Analysis of the behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during wheat straw/coal cofiring by TG-FTIR
Fuel Processing Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Cuiping Wang, Qing Liu, Hairui Yang, Fengyin WangAbstract:Abstract The behaviour of Pollutant Gas emissions during the firing of wheat straw and coal blends was examined experimentally by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Typical anthracite coal and wheat straw in central China were selected in this study. The ratio of coal to wheat straw by mass was set as 10:90, 15:85, 40:60 and 60:40 and the firing was carried using simulated air with oxygen and nitrogen Gases. The emission characteristics of Gas Pollutants such as HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx were determined by coupled Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The results showed that HCl, SO2, CO2 and NOx emissions were closely related to the volatile combustion and char reacting stages. HCl emission was mainly released during the volatile combustion at the temperature between 220 and 450 °C. The profiles of HCl against temperature exhibit a single-peak, and the HCl peak occurred at 310 °C for all blends no matter what the ratio. The emission profiles of SO2, and NOx against temperature had the characteristic of two peaks. The first peak occurred around 320 °C for all blends, and however the second peak shifted towards higher temperatures as the coal content was increased in the blends. The study showed that combining the straw and coal can produce better emission control by reducing the magnitude of the peak releases. The analysis showed that the blended sample with 40% coal and 60% straw by mass produced the lowest levels of HCl, NOx and SO2 Gas emissions. The CO2 emission was mainly produced in the char combustion stage and purely increased with the carbon content in the blends.