The Experts below are selected from a list of 5421 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Pierre Faure - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • FerrateVI oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAHs and polar PACs) on DNAPL-spiked sand: degradation efficiency and oxygenated by-product formation compared to conventional oxidants
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Clotilde Johansson, Antoine Joubert, Coralie Biache, Thierry Pigot, Philippe Bataillard, Catherine Lorgeoux, Stéfan Colombano, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In situ chemical oxidations are known to remediate PAH contaminations in groundwater and soils. In this study, batch-scale oxidations aim to compare the PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) degradation of three oxidation processes traditionally applied for soil treatment: permanganate, heat-activated persulfate (60 °C) and Fenton-like activated by magnetite, to results obtained with ferrates (FeVI). Widely studied for water treatments, ferrates are efficient on a wide range of pollutants with the advantage of producing nontoxic ferric sludge after reaction. However, fewer works focus on their action on soil, especially on semi-industrial grade ferrates (compatible with field application). Oxidations were carried out on sand spiked with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant. Conventional 16 US-EPA PAHs and polar PACs were monitored, especially potential oxygenated by-products that can be more harmful than parent-PAHs. After seven reaction days, only the Fenton-like showed limited degradation. Highest efficiencies were obtained for heat-activated persulfate with no O-PAC ketones formed. Permanganate gave important degradation, but ketones were generated in large amount. The tested ferrates not only gave slightly lower yields due to their auto-decomposition but also induced O-PAC ketone production, suggesting a reactional pathway dominated by oxidoreductive electron transfer, rather than a radical one.

  • Ferrate^VI oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAHs and polar PACs) on DNAPL-spiked sand: degradation efficiency and oxygenated by-product formation compared to conventional oxidants
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Clotilde Johansson, Antoine Joubert, Coralie Biache, Thierry Pigot, Philippe Bataillard, Catherine Lorgeoux, Stéfan Colombano, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In situ chemical oxidations are known to remediate PAH contaminations in groundwater and soils. In this study, batch-scale oxidations aim to compare the PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) degradation of three oxidation processes traditionally applied for soil treatment: permanganate, heat-activated persulfate (60 °C) and Fenton-like activated by magnetite, to results obtained with ferrates (Fe^VI). Widely studied for water treatments, ferrates are efficient on a wide range of pollutants with the advantage of producing nontoxic ferric sludge after reaction. However, fewer works focus on their action on soil, especially on semi-industrial grade ferrates (compatible with field application). Oxidations were carried out on sand spiked with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant. Conventional 16 US-EPA PAHs and polar PACs were monitored, especially potential oxygenated by-products that can be more harmful than parent-PAHs. After seven reaction days, only the Fenton-like showed limited degradation. Highest efficiencies were obtained for heat-activated persulfate with no O-PAC ketones formed. Permanganate gave important degradation, but ketones were generated in large amount. The tested ferrates not only gave slightly lower yields due to their auto-decomposition but also induced O-PAC ketone production, suggesting a reactional pathway dominated by oxidoreductive electron transfer, rather than a radical one.

  • fenton like and potassium permanganate oxidations of pah contaminated soils impact of oxidant doses on pah and polar pac Polycyclic Aromatic Compound behavior
    Chemosphere, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Alain Saada, Catherine Lorgeoux, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    Potassium permanganate and Fenton-like oxidations were applied on two PAH-contaminated soils collected on former coking plant and gas plant sites. The impact of oxidant dose on the Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) evolution, including 16 US-EPA PAHs, 11 oxygenated- and 4 nitrogen heterocyclic-PACs (O- and N-PACs) was studied for both treatments. The content of extractable organic matter and PACs was determined prior and after oxidation. Overall, permanganate treatment was more efficient than Fenton-like to decrease the PAH content, this latter being limited by the contamination availability. However, permanganate treatment resulted in incomplete PAH degradation, leading to the formation of O-PACs, that was limited with the application of higher dose. It underlines the importance of the dose and the oxidant type in the selection of oxidation parameters for remediation purpose, as improper use of oxidant can lead to the accumulation of oxidation by-products that could be as toxic as the parent Compounds.

  • Aging as the main factor controlling PAH and polar-PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) release mechanisms in historically coal-tar-contaminated soils
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Catherine Lorgeoux, Raymond Michels, Julien Michel, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In industrial sites, historically contaminated by coal tar (abandoned coking and manufactured gas plants), other families of organic pollutants than the 16 PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the US-EPA can occur and induce potential risk for groundwater resources. Polar PACs (Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds), especially oxygenated and nitrogenated PACs (O-PACs and N-PACs), are present in the initial pollution and can also be generated over time (i.e., O-PACs). Their aqueous solubilities are much greater than those of the PAHs. For these reasons, we need to increase our knowledge on polar PACs in order to better predict their behavior and the potential on-site risk. Batch leaching tests were carried out under various conditions of temperature, ionic strength, and availability of pollutants to determine the mechanisms and key parameters controlling their release. The results show a release of low-molecular-weight PAHs and polar PACs mainly by dissolution, while higher molecular weight PAHs are mainly released in association with colloids. Aging mainly controls the former mechanism, and ionic strength mainly controls the latter. Temperature increased both dissolution and colloidal mobilization. The Raoult law predicts the PAC equilibrium concentration for soils presenting high pollutant availability, but this law overestimates PAC concentration in aged soils (low pollutant availability). This is mainly due to limitation of PAC diffusion within coal-tar particles with aging. The most soluble PACs (especially polar PACs) are the most sensitive to aging. For better prediction of the PAC behavior in soils and water resources management, aging needs to be taken into account.

  • Fenton-like and potassium permanganate oxidations of PAH-contaminated soils: Impact of oxidant doses on PAH and polar PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) behavior
    Chemosphere, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Alain Saada, Catherine Lorgeoux, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    (C. Biache). HIGHLIGHTS  KMnO4 and Fenton-like treatments were applied to PAH contaminated soils.  The impact of two oxidant doses on PAC contamination were studied.  Treatments were less efficient on soil with low PAC availability.  KMnO4 was more efficient to degrade the PAH than Fenton-like.  Low dose of KMnO4 induced the formation of toxic oxygenated by-products. Abstract Potassium permanganate and Fenton-like oxidations were applied on two PAH-contaminated soils collected on former coking plant and gas plant sites. The impact of oxidant dose on the Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) evolution, including 16 US-EPA PAHs, 11 oxygenated-and 4 nitrogen heterocyclic-PACs (O-and N-PACs) was studied for both treatments. The content of extractable organic matter and PACs was determined prior and after oxidation. Overall, permanganate treatment was more efficient than Fenton-like to decrease the PAH content, this latter being limited by the contamination availability. However, permanganate treatment resulted in incomplete PAH degradation, leading to the formation of O-PACs, that was limited with the application of higher dose. It underlines the importance of the dose and the oxidant type in the selection of oxidation parameters for remediation purpose, as improper use of oxidant can lead to the accumulation of oxidation by-products that could be as toxic as the parent Compounds.

Coralie Biache - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • FerrateVI oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAHs and polar PACs) on DNAPL-spiked sand: degradation efficiency and oxygenated by-product formation compared to conventional oxidants
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Clotilde Johansson, Antoine Joubert, Coralie Biache, Thierry Pigot, Philippe Bataillard, Catherine Lorgeoux, Stéfan Colombano, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In situ chemical oxidations are known to remediate PAH contaminations in groundwater and soils. In this study, batch-scale oxidations aim to compare the PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) degradation of three oxidation processes traditionally applied for soil treatment: permanganate, heat-activated persulfate (60 °C) and Fenton-like activated by magnetite, to results obtained with ferrates (FeVI). Widely studied for water treatments, ferrates are efficient on a wide range of pollutants with the advantage of producing nontoxic ferric sludge after reaction. However, fewer works focus on their action on soil, especially on semi-industrial grade ferrates (compatible with field application). Oxidations were carried out on sand spiked with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant. Conventional 16 US-EPA PAHs and polar PACs were monitored, especially potential oxygenated by-products that can be more harmful than parent-PAHs. After seven reaction days, only the Fenton-like showed limited degradation. Highest efficiencies were obtained for heat-activated persulfate with no O-PAC ketones formed. Permanganate gave important degradation, but ketones were generated in large amount. The tested ferrates not only gave slightly lower yields due to their auto-decomposition but also induced O-PAC ketone production, suggesting a reactional pathway dominated by oxidoreductive electron transfer, rather than a radical one.

  • Ferrate^VI oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAHs and polar PACs) on DNAPL-spiked sand: degradation efficiency and oxygenated by-product formation compared to conventional oxidants
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Clotilde Johansson, Antoine Joubert, Coralie Biache, Thierry Pigot, Philippe Bataillard, Catherine Lorgeoux, Stéfan Colombano, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In situ chemical oxidations are known to remediate PAH contaminations in groundwater and soils. In this study, batch-scale oxidations aim to compare the PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) degradation of three oxidation processes traditionally applied for soil treatment: permanganate, heat-activated persulfate (60 °C) and Fenton-like activated by magnetite, to results obtained with ferrates (Fe^VI). Widely studied for water treatments, ferrates are efficient on a wide range of pollutants with the advantage of producing nontoxic ferric sludge after reaction. However, fewer works focus on their action on soil, especially on semi-industrial grade ferrates (compatible with field application). Oxidations were carried out on sand spiked with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant. Conventional 16 US-EPA PAHs and polar PACs were monitored, especially potential oxygenated by-products that can be more harmful than parent-PAHs. After seven reaction days, only the Fenton-like showed limited degradation. Highest efficiencies were obtained for heat-activated persulfate with no O-PAC ketones formed. Permanganate gave important degradation, but ketones were generated in large amount. The tested ferrates not only gave slightly lower yields due to their auto-decomposition but also induced O-PAC ketone production, suggesting a reactional pathway dominated by oxidoreductive electron transfer, rather than a radical one.

  • fenton like and potassium permanganate oxidations of pah contaminated soils impact of oxidant doses on pah and polar pac Polycyclic Aromatic Compound behavior
    Chemosphere, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Alain Saada, Catherine Lorgeoux, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    Potassium permanganate and Fenton-like oxidations were applied on two PAH-contaminated soils collected on former coking plant and gas plant sites. The impact of oxidant dose on the Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) evolution, including 16 US-EPA PAHs, 11 oxygenated- and 4 nitrogen heterocyclic-PACs (O- and N-PACs) was studied for both treatments. The content of extractable organic matter and PACs was determined prior and after oxidation. Overall, permanganate treatment was more efficient than Fenton-like to decrease the PAH content, this latter being limited by the contamination availability. However, permanganate treatment resulted in incomplete PAH degradation, leading to the formation of O-PACs, that was limited with the application of higher dose. It underlines the importance of the dose and the oxidant type in the selection of oxidation parameters for remediation purpose, as improper use of oxidant can lead to the accumulation of oxidation by-products that could be as toxic as the parent Compounds.

  • Aging as the main factor controlling PAH and polar-PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) release mechanisms in historically coal-tar-contaminated soils
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Catherine Lorgeoux, Raymond Michels, Julien Michel, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In industrial sites, historically contaminated by coal tar (abandoned coking and manufactured gas plants), other families of organic pollutants than the 16 PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the US-EPA can occur and induce potential risk for groundwater resources. Polar PACs (Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds), especially oxygenated and nitrogenated PACs (O-PACs and N-PACs), are present in the initial pollution and can also be generated over time (i.e., O-PACs). Their aqueous solubilities are much greater than those of the PAHs. For these reasons, we need to increase our knowledge on polar PACs in order to better predict their behavior and the potential on-site risk. Batch leaching tests were carried out under various conditions of temperature, ionic strength, and availability of pollutants to determine the mechanisms and key parameters controlling their release. The results show a release of low-molecular-weight PAHs and polar PACs mainly by dissolution, while higher molecular weight PAHs are mainly released in association with colloids. Aging mainly controls the former mechanism, and ionic strength mainly controls the latter. Temperature increased both dissolution and colloidal mobilization. The Raoult law predicts the PAC equilibrium concentration for soils presenting high pollutant availability, but this law overestimates PAC concentration in aged soils (low pollutant availability). This is mainly due to limitation of PAC diffusion within coal-tar particles with aging. The most soluble PACs (especially polar PACs) are the most sensitive to aging. For better prediction of the PAC behavior in soils and water resources management, aging needs to be taken into account.

  • Fenton-like and potassium permanganate oxidations of PAH-contaminated soils: Impact of oxidant doses on PAH and polar PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) behavior
    Chemosphere, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Alain Saada, Catherine Lorgeoux, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    (C. Biache). HIGHLIGHTS  KMnO4 and Fenton-like treatments were applied to PAH contaminated soils.  The impact of two oxidant doses on PAC contamination were studied.  Treatments were less efficient on soil with low PAC availability.  KMnO4 was more efficient to degrade the PAH than Fenton-like.  Low dose of KMnO4 induced the formation of toxic oxygenated by-products. Abstract Potassium permanganate and Fenton-like oxidations were applied on two PAH-contaminated soils collected on former coking plant and gas plant sites. The impact of oxidant dose on the Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) evolution, including 16 US-EPA PAHs, 11 oxygenated-and 4 nitrogen heterocyclic-PACs (O-and N-PACs) was studied for both treatments. The content of extractable organic matter and PACs was determined prior and after oxidation. Overall, permanganate treatment was more efficient than Fenton-like to decrease the PAH content, this latter being limited by the contamination availability. However, permanganate treatment resulted in incomplete PAH degradation, leading to the formation of O-PACs, that was limited with the application of higher dose. It underlines the importance of the dose and the oxidant type in the selection of oxidation parameters for remediation purpose, as improper use of oxidant can lead to the accumulation of oxidation by-products that could be as toxic as the parent Compounds.

Catherine Lorgeoux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • FerrateVI oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAHs and polar PACs) on DNAPL-spiked sand: degradation efficiency and oxygenated by-product formation compared to conventional oxidants
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Clotilde Johansson, Antoine Joubert, Coralie Biache, Thierry Pigot, Philippe Bataillard, Catherine Lorgeoux, Stéfan Colombano, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In situ chemical oxidations are known to remediate PAH contaminations in groundwater and soils. In this study, batch-scale oxidations aim to compare the PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) degradation of three oxidation processes traditionally applied for soil treatment: permanganate, heat-activated persulfate (60 °C) and Fenton-like activated by magnetite, to results obtained with ferrates (FeVI). Widely studied for water treatments, ferrates are efficient on a wide range of pollutants with the advantage of producing nontoxic ferric sludge after reaction. However, fewer works focus on their action on soil, especially on semi-industrial grade ferrates (compatible with field application). Oxidations were carried out on sand spiked with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant. Conventional 16 US-EPA PAHs and polar PACs were monitored, especially potential oxygenated by-products that can be more harmful than parent-PAHs. After seven reaction days, only the Fenton-like showed limited degradation. Highest efficiencies were obtained for heat-activated persulfate with no O-PAC ketones formed. Permanganate gave important degradation, but ketones were generated in large amount. The tested ferrates not only gave slightly lower yields due to their auto-decomposition but also induced O-PAC ketone production, suggesting a reactional pathway dominated by oxidoreductive electron transfer, rather than a radical one.

  • Ferrate^VI oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAHs and polar PACs) on DNAPL-spiked sand: degradation efficiency and oxygenated by-product formation compared to conventional oxidants
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Clotilde Johansson, Antoine Joubert, Coralie Biache, Thierry Pigot, Philippe Bataillard, Catherine Lorgeoux, Stéfan Colombano, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In situ chemical oxidations are known to remediate PAH contaminations in groundwater and soils. In this study, batch-scale oxidations aim to compare the PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) degradation of three oxidation processes traditionally applied for soil treatment: permanganate, heat-activated persulfate (60 °C) and Fenton-like activated by magnetite, to results obtained with ferrates (Fe^VI). Widely studied for water treatments, ferrates are efficient on a wide range of pollutants with the advantage of producing nontoxic ferric sludge after reaction. However, fewer works focus on their action on soil, especially on semi-industrial grade ferrates (compatible with field application). Oxidations were carried out on sand spiked with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant. Conventional 16 US-EPA PAHs and polar PACs were monitored, especially potential oxygenated by-products that can be more harmful than parent-PAHs. After seven reaction days, only the Fenton-like showed limited degradation. Highest efficiencies were obtained for heat-activated persulfate with no O-PAC ketones formed. Permanganate gave important degradation, but ketones were generated in large amount. The tested ferrates not only gave slightly lower yields due to their auto-decomposition but also induced O-PAC ketone production, suggesting a reactional pathway dominated by oxidoreductive electron transfer, rather than a radical one.

  • fenton like and potassium permanganate oxidations of pah contaminated soils impact of oxidant doses on pah and polar pac Polycyclic Aromatic Compound behavior
    Chemosphere, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Alain Saada, Catherine Lorgeoux, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    Potassium permanganate and Fenton-like oxidations were applied on two PAH-contaminated soils collected on former coking plant and gas plant sites. The impact of oxidant dose on the Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) evolution, including 16 US-EPA PAHs, 11 oxygenated- and 4 nitrogen heterocyclic-PACs (O- and N-PACs) was studied for both treatments. The content of extractable organic matter and PACs was determined prior and after oxidation. Overall, permanganate treatment was more efficient than Fenton-like to decrease the PAH content, this latter being limited by the contamination availability. However, permanganate treatment resulted in incomplete PAH degradation, leading to the formation of O-PACs, that was limited with the application of higher dose. It underlines the importance of the dose and the oxidant type in the selection of oxidation parameters for remediation purpose, as improper use of oxidant can lead to the accumulation of oxidation by-products that could be as toxic as the parent Compounds.

  • Aging as the main factor controlling PAH and polar-PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) release mechanisms in historically coal-tar-contaminated soils
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Catherine Lorgeoux, Raymond Michels, Julien Michel, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In industrial sites, historically contaminated by coal tar (abandoned coking and manufactured gas plants), other families of organic pollutants than the 16 PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the US-EPA can occur and induce potential risk for groundwater resources. Polar PACs (Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds), especially oxygenated and nitrogenated PACs (O-PACs and N-PACs), are present in the initial pollution and can also be generated over time (i.e., O-PACs). Their aqueous solubilities are much greater than those of the PAHs. For these reasons, we need to increase our knowledge on polar PACs in order to better predict their behavior and the potential on-site risk. Batch leaching tests were carried out under various conditions of temperature, ionic strength, and availability of pollutants to determine the mechanisms and key parameters controlling their release. The results show a release of low-molecular-weight PAHs and polar PACs mainly by dissolution, while higher molecular weight PAHs are mainly released in association with colloids. Aging mainly controls the former mechanism, and ionic strength mainly controls the latter. Temperature increased both dissolution and colloidal mobilization. The Raoult law predicts the PAC equilibrium concentration for soils presenting high pollutant availability, but this law overestimates PAC concentration in aged soils (low pollutant availability). This is mainly due to limitation of PAC diffusion within coal-tar particles with aging. The most soluble PACs (especially polar PACs) are the most sensitive to aging. For better prediction of the PAC behavior in soils and water resources management, aging needs to be taken into account.

  • Fenton-like and potassium permanganate oxidations of PAH-contaminated soils: Impact of oxidant doses on PAH and polar PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) behavior
    Chemosphere, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Alain Saada, Catherine Lorgeoux, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    (C. Biache). HIGHLIGHTS  KMnO4 and Fenton-like treatments were applied to PAH contaminated soils.  The impact of two oxidant doses on PAC contamination were studied.  Treatments were less efficient on soil with low PAC availability.  KMnO4 was more efficient to degrade the PAH than Fenton-like.  Low dose of KMnO4 induced the formation of toxic oxygenated by-products. Abstract Potassium permanganate and Fenton-like oxidations were applied on two PAH-contaminated soils collected on former coking plant and gas plant sites. The impact of oxidant dose on the Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) evolution, including 16 US-EPA PAHs, 11 oxygenated-and 4 nitrogen heterocyclic-PACs (O-and N-PACs) was studied for both treatments. The content of extractable organic matter and PACs was determined prior and after oxidation. Overall, permanganate treatment was more efficient than Fenton-like to decrease the PAH content, this latter being limited by the contamination availability. However, permanganate treatment resulted in incomplete PAH degradation, leading to the formation of O-PACs, that was limited with the application of higher dose. It underlines the importance of the dose and the oxidant type in the selection of oxidation parameters for remediation purpose, as improper use of oxidant can lead to the accumulation of oxidation by-products that could be as toxic as the parent Compounds.

Marine Boulangé - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fenton like and potassium permanganate oxidations of pah contaminated soils impact of oxidant doses on pah and polar pac Polycyclic Aromatic Compound behavior
    Chemosphere, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Alain Saada, Catherine Lorgeoux, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    Potassium permanganate and Fenton-like oxidations were applied on two PAH-contaminated soils collected on former coking plant and gas plant sites. The impact of oxidant dose on the Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) evolution, including 16 US-EPA PAHs, 11 oxygenated- and 4 nitrogen heterocyclic-PACs (O- and N-PACs) was studied for both treatments. The content of extractable organic matter and PACs was determined prior and after oxidation. Overall, permanganate treatment was more efficient than Fenton-like to decrease the PAH content, this latter being limited by the contamination availability. However, permanganate treatment resulted in incomplete PAH degradation, leading to the formation of O-PACs, that was limited with the application of higher dose. It underlines the importance of the dose and the oxidant type in the selection of oxidation parameters for remediation purpose, as improper use of oxidant can lead to the accumulation of oxidation by-products that could be as toxic as the parent Compounds.

  • Aging as the main factor controlling PAH and polar-PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) release mechanisms in historically coal-tar-contaminated soils
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Catherine Lorgeoux, Raymond Michels, Julien Michel, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In industrial sites, historically contaminated by coal tar (abandoned coking and manufactured gas plants), other families of organic pollutants than the 16 PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the US-EPA can occur and induce potential risk for groundwater resources. Polar PACs (Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds), especially oxygenated and nitrogenated PACs (O-PACs and N-PACs), are present in the initial pollution and can also be generated over time (i.e., O-PACs). Their aqueous solubilities are much greater than those of the PAHs. For these reasons, we need to increase our knowledge on polar PACs in order to better predict their behavior and the potential on-site risk. Batch leaching tests were carried out under various conditions of temperature, ionic strength, and availability of pollutants to determine the mechanisms and key parameters controlling their release. The results show a release of low-molecular-weight PAHs and polar PACs mainly by dissolution, while higher molecular weight PAHs are mainly released in association with colloids. Aging mainly controls the former mechanism, and ionic strength mainly controls the latter. Temperature increased both dissolution and colloidal mobilization. The Raoult law predicts the PAC equilibrium concentration for soils presenting high pollutant availability, but this law overestimates PAC concentration in aged soils (low pollutant availability). This is mainly due to limitation of PAC diffusion within coal-tar particles with aging. The most soluble PACs (especially polar PACs) are the most sensitive to aging. For better prediction of the PAC behavior in soils and water resources management, aging needs to be taken into account.

  • Fenton-like and potassium permanganate oxidations of PAH-contaminated soils: Impact of oxidant doses on PAH and polar PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) behavior
    Chemosphere, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Alain Saada, Catherine Lorgeoux, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    (C. Biache). HIGHLIGHTS  KMnO4 and Fenton-like treatments were applied to PAH contaminated soils.  The impact of two oxidant doses on PAC contamination were studied.  Treatments were less efficient on soil with low PAC availability.  KMnO4 was more efficient to degrade the PAH than Fenton-like.  Low dose of KMnO4 induced the formation of toxic oxygenated by-products. Abstract Potassium permanganate and Fenton-like oxidations were applied on two PAH-contaminated soils collected on former coking plant and gas plant sites. The impact of oxidant dose on the Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) evolution, including 16 US-EPA PAHs, 11 oxygenated-and 4 nitrogen heterocyclic-PACs (O-and N-PACs) was studied for both treatments. The content of extractable organic matter and PACs was determined prior and after oxidation. Overall, permanganate treatment was more efficient than Fenton-like to decrease the PAH content, this latter being limited by the contamination availability. However, permanganate treatment resulted in incomplete PAH degradation, leading to the formation of O-PACs, that was limited with the application of higher dose. It underlines the importance of the dose and the oxidant type in the selection of oxidation parameters for remediation purpose, as improper use of oxidant can lead to the accumulation of oxidation by-products that could be as toxic as the parent Compounds.

  • Polar PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compound) mobilization and transfer in water in coal tar contaminated soils
    2017
    Co-Authors: Marine Boulangé, Catherine Lorgeoux, Raymond Michels, Julien Michel, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    Due to the coal transformation activities occurring between the 18th and 20th centuries, about 200 000 sites in Europe have been diagnosed nowadays as polluted by Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Because of their toxicity, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, 16 PAHs, listed as priority pollutants by the US EPA, are regulated and measured for site diagnosis or monitoring during remediation treatment. However, associated to PAHs, polar PACs (OPACs and N-PACs) occur and could induce a risk for water resources. O-PACs and N-PACs are present in the initial pollution (coal tars) as PAHs but can also be produced during remediation treatments or during natural attenuation processes. Moreover, recent studies revealed that O-PACs and N-PACs (i) are leached in higher proportion than PAHs and (ii) can be equally or more toxic than corresponding parent PAHs. All these reasons imply increasing of our knowledge on the mechanisms involved in polar PAC mobilization and transfer to water, especially by comparison to PAHs. In fine, should polar PACs be included in coal tar contaminated site diagnosis in order to improve risk evaluation? In this project, the mobilization and transfer of polar PACs and PAHs were assessed via leaching experiments of aged contaminated soils from two former coking plants (Lorraine, France), which have undergone aging processes. A multiscale approach was used: batch (50 g), laboratory column (2 kg) and pilot scale column (2 m3 lysimeter). In a first step, PAC mobilization was investigated at laboratory scale under various conditions of temperature, ionic strength, PAC availability and water flow rate. PAC transfer was also assessed in situ with a lysimeter column. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and dissolved PAC concentrations (including 16 PAHs, 11 O-PACs and 5 N-PACs) were measured. Batch experiments, carried out on soils with a high available contamination, revealed that PAC (LMW PAH and polar PAC) mobilization was mainly controlled by dissolution processes according to the Raoult law. For aged soils (low pollutant availability), the mobilization of PACs was lower, especially for LMW-PAHs and polar PACs. In both case, HMWPAHs were mainly released in association with colloids. The temperature increased the mobilization of all PACs while an increase in ionic strength caused a decrease in all PAC mobilization, with a lower impact on polar PACs compared to PAHs. Whatever the column scale (laboratory and field lysimeter), results tend to show a higher release of polar PACs. Polar PACs exhibited intermediate behavior between PAHs (hydrophobic Compounds) and DOC. These first results showed that (i) the pollution availability is a fundamental parameter for PAC transfer, and (ii) that polar PACs seem to behave similarly to PAHs but with a higher mobilization and transfer rate. All these findings underline the need to include polar PACs in diagnosis and monitoring of potentially contaminated sites.

  • Evolution of dissolved organic matter during abiotic oxidation of coal tar—comparison with contaminated soils under natural attenuation
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ogier Hanser, Marine Boulangé, Coralie Biache, Catherine Lorgeoux, Raymond Michels, Stéphane Parant, David Billet, Pierre Faure
    Abstract:

    In former coal transformation plants (coking and gas ones), the major organic contamination of soils is coal tar, mainly composed of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs). Air oxidation of a fresh coal tar was chosen to simulate the abiotic natural attenuation impact on PAC-contaminated soils. Water-leaching experiments were subsequently performed on fresh and oxidized coal tars to study the influence of oxidation on dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality and quantity. The characterization of the DOM was performed using a combination of molecular and spectroscopic techniques (high-performance liquid chromatography-size-exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC), 3D fluorescence, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS)) and compared with the DOM from contaminated soils sampled on the field exposed to natural attenuation for several decades. An increase in the oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Compound concentrations was observed with abiotic oxidation both in the coal tar and the associated DOM. Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the leachates exceeded pure water solubility limits, suggesting that co-solvation with other soluble organic Compounds occurred. Furthermore, emission excitation matrix analysis combined with synchronous fluorescence spectra interpretation and size-exclusion chromatography suggests that oxidation induced condensation reactions which were responsible for the formation of higher-molecular weight Compounds and potentially mobilized by water. Thus, the current composition of the DOM in aged soils may at least partly result from (1) a depletion in lower-molecular weight Compounds of the initial contamination stock and (2) an oxidative condensation leading to the formation of a higher-molecular weight fraction. Abiotic oxidation and water leaching may therefore be a significant combination contributing to the evolution of coal tar-contaminated soils under natural attenuation.

Yuji Yoshimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of SiO2 pore size on catalytic fast pyrolysis of Jatropha residues by using pyrolyzer-GC/MS
    Catalysis Communications, 2013
    Co-Authors: Takehisa Mochizuki, Duangduen Atong, Shih-yuan Chen, Makoto Toba, Yuji Yoshimura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Catalytic fast pyrolysis of Jatropha residue was performed over SiO 2 catalysts with different pore sizes (SiO 2 -Q3, -Q10, -Q30, and -Q50 with pore diameters of 3, 16, 45, and 68 nm, respectively) at 500 °C using a pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system. SiO 2 -Q10, which combined weak acidity and medium porosity, was the most effective catalyst in removing oxygenated Compounds such as acids, ketones, and aldehydes, which are the principal reason for the polymerization of hydrocarbons from bio-oil, and in inhibiting coke and Polycyclic Aromatic Compound formation. SiO 2 -Q10 is also useful for stabilizing bio-oil and has potential for catalytic fast pyrolysis.

  • effect of sio2 pore size on catalytic fast pyrolysis of jatropha residues by using pyrolyzer gc ms
    Catalysis Communications, 2013
    Co-Authors: Takehisa Mochizuki, Duangduen Atong, Shih-yuan Chen, Makoto Toba, Yuji Yoshimura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Catalytic fast pyrolysis of Jatropha residue was performed over SiO 2 catalysts with different pore sizes (SiO 2 -Q3, -Q10, -Q30, and -Q50 with pore diameters of 3, 16, 45, and 68 nm, respectively) at 500 °C using a pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system. SiO 2 -Q10, which combined weak acidity and medium porosity, was the most effective catalyst in removing oxygenated Compounds such as acids, ketones, and aldehydes, which are the principal reason for the polymerization of hydrocarbons from bio-oil, and in inhibiting coke and Polycyclic Aromatic Compound formation. SiO 2 -Q10 is also useful for stabilizing bio-oil and has potential for catalytic fast pyrolysis.