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Barbara Imperiali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of the conserved reentrant membrane helix in the monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferase superfamily supports key molecular interactions with Polyprenol phosphate substrates
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2019Co-Authors: Sonya Entova, Ziqiang Guan, Barbara ImperialiAbstract:Abstract Long-chain Polyprenol phosphates feature in membrane-associated glycoconjugate biosynthesis pathways across domains of life. These unique amphiphilic molecules are best known as substrates of polytopic membrane proteins, including Polyprenol-phosphate phosphoglycosyl and glycosyl transferases, and as components of more complex substrates. The linear Polyprenols are constrained by double bond geometry and lend themselves well to interactions with polytopic membrane proteins, in which multiple transmembrane helices form a rich landscape for interactions. Recently, a new superfamily of monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferase enzymes has been identified that interacts with Polyprenol phosphate substrates via a single reentrant membrane helix. Intriguingly, despite the dramatic differences in their membrane-interaction domains, both polytopic and monotopic enzymes similarly favor a unique cis/trans geometry in their Polyprenol phosphate substrates. Herein, we present a multipronged biochemical and biophysical study of PglC, a monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferase that catalyzes the first membrane-committed step in N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni. We probe the significance of Polyprenol phosphate geometry both in mediating substrate binding to PglC and in modulating the local membrane environment. Geometry is found to be important for binding to PglC; a conserved proline residue in the reentrant membrane helix is determined to drive Polyprenol phosphate recognition and specificity. Pyrene fluorescence studies show that Polyprenol phosphates at physiologically-relevant levels increase the disorder of the local lipid bilayer; however, this effect is confined to Polyprenol phosphates with specific isoprene geometries. The molecular insights from this study may shed new light on the interactions of Polyprenol phosphates with diverse membrane-associated proteins in glycoconjugate biosynthesis.
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stereochemical divergence of Polyprenol phosphate glycosyltransferases
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Jerry Eichler, Barbara ImperialiAbstract:In the three domains of life, lipid-linked glycans contribute to various cellular processes ranging from protein glycosylation to glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis to peptidoglycan assembly. In generating many of these glycoconjugates, phosphorylated Polyprenol-based lipids are charged with single sugars by Polyprenol phosphate glycosyltransferases. The resultant substrates serve as glycosyltransferase donors, complementing the more common nucleoside diphosphate sugars. It had been accepted that these Polyprenol phosphate glycosyltransferases acted similarly, given their considerable sequence homology. Recent findings, however, suggest that matters may not be so simple. In this Opinion we propose that the stereochemistry of sugar addition by Polyprenol phosphate glycosyltransferases is not conserved across evolution, even though the GT-A fold that characterizes such enzymes is omnipresent.
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lipid bilayer nanodisc platform for investigating Polyprenol dependent enzyme interactions and activities
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013Co-Authors: Meredith D. Hartley, Philipp E Schneggenburger, Barbara ImperialiAbstract:Membrane-bound Polyprenol-dependent pathways are important for the assembly of essential glycoconjugates in all domains of life. However, despite their prevalence, the functional significance of the extended linear polyprenyl groups in the interactions of the glycan substrates, the biosynthetic enzymes that act upon them, and the membrane bilayer in which they are embedded remains a mystery. These interactions are investigated simultaneously and uniquely through application of the nanodisc membrane technology. The Campylobacter jejuni N-linked glycosylation pathway has been chosen as a model pathway in which all of the enzymes and substrates are biochemically accessible. We present the functional reconstitution of two enzymes responsible for the early membrane-committed steps in glycan assembly. Protein stoichiometry analysis, fluorescence-based approaches, and biochemical activity assays are used to demonstrate the colocalization of the two enzymes in nanodiscs. Isotopic labeling of the substrates reveals that undecaprenyl-phosphate is coincorporated into discs with the two enzymes, and furthermore, that both enzymes are functionally reconstituted and can sequentially convert the coembedded undecaprenyl-phosphate into undecaprenyl-diphosphate-linked disaccharide. These studies provide a proof-of-concept demonstrating that the nanodisc model membrane system represents a promising experimental platform for analyzing the multifaceted interactions among the enzymes involved in Polyprenol-dependent glycan assembly pathways, the membrane-associated substrates, and the lipid bilayer. The stage is now set for exploration of the roles of the conserved Polyprenols in promoting protein–protein interactions among pathway enzymes and processing of substrates through sequential steps in membrane-associated glycan assembly.
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At the membrane frontier: a prospectus on the remarkable evolutionary conservation of Polyprenols and polyprenyl-phosphates.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011Co-Authors: Meredith D. Hartley, Barbara ImperialiAbstract:Long-chain Polyprenols and polyprenyl-phosphates are ubiquitous and essential components of cellular membranes throughout all domains of life. Polyprenyl-phosphates, which include undecaprenyl-phosphate in bacteria and the dolichyl-phosphates in archaea and eukaryotes, serve as specific membrane-bound carriers in glycan biosynthetic pathways responsible for the production of cellular structures such as N-linked protein glycans and bacterial peptidoglycan. Polyprenyl-phosphates are the only form of Polyprenols with a biochemically-defined role; however, unmodified or esterified Polyprenols often comprise significant percentages of the cellular Polyprenol pool. The strong evolutionary conservation of unmodified Polyprenols as membrane constituents and polyprenyl-phosphates as preferred glycan carriers in biosynthetic pathways is poorly understood. This review surveys the available research to explore why unmodified Polyprenols have been conserved in evolution and why polyprenyl-phosphates are universally and specifically utilized for membrane-bound glycan assembly.
Anna Szkopinska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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precise bacterial Polyprenol length control fails in saccharomyces cerevisiae
Biopolymers, 2007Co-Authors: Jaroslaw Poznanski, Anna SzkopinskaAbstract:A comparison of amino acid sequences of yeast Rer2p and Srt1p Z-prenyltransferases shows that the spatial organization of their substrate tunnels agrees with that determined by X-ray for the E. coli undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPs). The observed trend in the maxima of product length distribution shifted from C55 in UPPs to C80 in Rer2p and to C110 in Srt1p. This suggests a significant increase in the size of the enzyme hydrophobic tunnel from ∼1000 A3 of E. coli UPPs to ∼1300 A3 required to accommodate C80 in Rer2p and to 1700 A3 for C110 in Srt1p. Moreover, Srt1p products reaching C290 indicate the failure of a strict bacterial-like chain length control. On the basis of E. coli UPPs crystallographic structure the yeast Rer2p model was constructed. In the model three amino acid residues inserted into the sequence corresponding to the “floor” region of the tunnel extends the bottom loop what results in the required increase of the tunnel volume. Moreover, thermal fluctuations of this loop occasionally create a hole in the tunnel floor, making escape of Polyprenol ω end out of the tunnel possible what switches off the control mechanism of product length thereby allowing a practically unlimited elongation process leading to an exponential distribution of longer chain Polyprenols. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 155–164, 2007. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
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interplay between the cis prenyltransferases and Polyprenol reductase in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae
Biochimie, 2006Co-Authors: Anna Szkopinska, Ewa Swiezewska, Joanna RytkaAbstract:Abstract Dolichol formation is examined in three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with mutations in the ERG20 gene encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (mevalonic acid pathway) and/or the ERG9 gene encoding squalene synthase (sterol synthesis pathway) differing in the amount and chain length of the polyisoprenoids synthesized. Our results suggest that the activities of two yeast cis-prenyltransferases Rer2p and Srt1p and Polyprenol reductase are not co-regulated and that reductase may be the rate-limiting enzyme in dolichol synthesis if the amount of polyisoprenoids synthesized exceeds a certain level. We demonstrate that reductase preferentially acts on typical Polyprenols with 13–18 isoprene residues but can reduce much longer Polyprenols with even 32 isoprene residues.
Akio Kobayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of Polyprenols in Eucommia ulmoides by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
International Symposium on Eucommia ulmoides, 2007Co-Authors: Takeshi Bamba, Eiichiro Fukusaki, Yoshihisa Nakazawa, Tatsuki Kitayama, Akio KobayashiAbstract:The use of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for the analysis of plant Polyprenols has been described. Compared with conventional high-performance liquid chromatography, the use of SFC markedly improved the chromatographic resolution of Polyprenol homologues and their geometric isomers. Under optimized SFC conditions, individual homologues from 10 to 100 mers were separated. It was also possible to isolate each geometric isomer of Polyprenol homologues from 13 to 20 mers by fractionation by using SFC. The chain-length distributions of Polyprenol samples determined by SFC essentially agreed with those determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. SFC analysis of the Polyprenols extracted from the leaf, root, and seed coat of the rubber-producing plant Eucommia ulmoides revealed the presence of all trans Polyprenols with degrees of polymerizations greater than 10 for the first time in nature. The all trans Polyprenols had broad distributions of chain-length leading to high molecular weight; this suggests that the Polyprenols act as biosynthetic intermediates for the high molecular weight trans-1,4-polyisoprene in this plant. The chain-length distributions of the trans Polyprenols from the leaf, root, and seed coat differed from each other, suggesting the presence of site-specific control mechanisms for chain termination. On the other hand, cis Polyprenols have been found to occur in all parts of E. ulmoides. They had narrow chain-length distributions similar to those of dolichols.
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separation of Polyprenol and dolichol by monolithic silica capillary column chromatography
Journal of Lipid Research, 2005Co-Authors: Takeshi Bamba, Yoshihisa Nakazawa, Eiiciro Fukusaki, Hiroshi Minakuchi, Akio KobayashiAbstract:We attempted an analysis of naturally occurring Polyprenol and dolichol using a monolithic silica capillary column in HPLC. First, the separation of the Polyprenol mix- ture alone was performed using a 250 � 0.2 mm inner diam- eter (ID) octadecylsilyl (ODS)-monolithic silica capillary col- umn. The resolution of the separation between octadecaprenol (prenol 18) and nonadecaprenol (prenol 19) exceeded by � 2-fold the level recorded when using a conventional ODS- silica particle-packed column (250 � 4.6 mm ID) under the same elution conditions. Next, the mixture of the prenol type (Polyprenol) and dolichol type (dihydroPolyprenol) was sub- jected to this capillary HPLC system, and the separation of each homolog was successfully achieved. During the analy- sis of Polyprenol fraction derived from Eucommia ulmoides leaves, dolichols were found as a single peak, including all- trans -Polyprenol and cis -Polyprenol previously identified. This sensitive high-resolution system is very useful for the analysis of compounds that are structurally close to polypre- nols and dolichols and that have a low content. —Bamba, T., E. Fukusaki, H. Minakuchi, Y. Nakazawa, and A. Kobayashi. Separation of Polyprenol and dolichol by monolithic silica capillary column chromatography. J. Lipid Res. 2005. 46: 2295- 2298.
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High-resolution analysis of Polyprenols by supercritical fluid chromatography
Journal of Chromatography A, 2001Co-Authors: Takeshi Bamba, Eiichiro Fukusaki, Tatsuki Kitayama, Shin'ichiro Kajiyama, Akio KobayashiAbstract:Abstract A high-resolution analysis of Polyprenol mixtures was achieved by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The separation of Polyprenols was examined on an octadecylsilane-packed column with liquid carbon dioxide as the mobile phase and ethanol as modifier. Using this chromatography system, the resolution of separation (Rs) between octadecaprenol (prenol 18) and nonadecaprenol (prenol 19) was two times higher than that using conventional reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Our SFC technique allows the advantage of baseline separation of Polyprenol samples containing hydrophobic components such as terpenes or fatty acids that are unfavorable for good separation. This method is very useful for the analysis of structurally close Polyprenol analogues of rubber plant metabolites.
Ewa Swiezewska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the history and recent advances in research of Polyprenol and its derivatives
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Hiroshi Sagami, Ewa Swiezewska, Yoshihiro ShidojiAbstract:AbstractThe reduction pathway leading to the formation of dolichol was clarified in 2010 with the identification of SRD5A3, which is the Polyprenol reductase. The finding inspired us to reanalyze the length of the major chain of Polyprenol and dolichol from several plant leaves, including mangrove plants, as well as from animal and fish livers by 2D-TLC. Polyprenol- and dolichol-derived metabolites such as polyprenylacetone and epoxydolichol were found together with rubber-like prenol. This review focuses on analyses of Polyprenol and its derivatives, including recently found epoxyPolyprenol and polyprenylacetone. Attention has also been paid to the chromatographic behavior of rubber-like prenol on TLC.
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srd5a3 is required for converting Polyprenol to dolichol and is mutated in a congenital glycosylation disorder
Cell, 2010Co-Authors: Vincent Cantagrel, Ziqiang Guan, Dirk Lefeber, Bobby G Ng, Jennifer L Silhavy, Stephanie L Bielas, Ludwig Lehle, Hans Hombauer, Maciej Adamowicz, Ewa SwiezewskaAbstract:N-linked glycosylation is the most frequent modification of secreted and membrane-bound proteins in eukaryotic cells, disruption of which is the basis of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). We describe a new type of CDG caused by mutations in the steroid 5α-reductase type 3 (SRD5A3) gene. Patients have mental retardation and ophthalmologic and cerebellar defects. We found that SRD5A3 is necessary for the reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of Polyprenols to form dolichols, required for synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides, and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-glycosylation. The presence of residual dolichol in cells depleted for this enzyme suggests the existence of an unexpected alternative pathway for dolichol de novo biosynthesis. Our results thus suggest that SRD5A3 is likely to be the long-sought Polyprenol reductase and reveal the genetic basis of one of the earliest steps in protein N-linked glycosylation.
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The search for Polyprenols in dendroflora of Vietnam
Acta Biochimica Polonica, 2007Co-Authors: Andrzej Marczewski, Ewa Swiezewska, Ewa Ciepichal, Le Xuan Canh, Tadeusz ChojnackiAbstract:The occurrence of Polyprenols in leaves of over 340 species of dendroflora in natural habitats in the regions of Hanoi and Hue in Vietnam was studied. Plant material was collected in the late autumn (October/November) during the end of a vegetation season. Leaves of about 200 plant species did not contain detectable amounts of Polyprenols in contrast to few systematic families, e.g. Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, where Polyprenols were highly abundant and their pattern could be used as a chemotaxonomic criterion. Most often dominating Polyprenols were prenol-11 and prenol-12. In several angiosperm species prenol-13 and detectable amounts of prenol-14 were also found. The incidence of prenol-13 and -14 was not restricted to a specific taxonomic group since species exhibiting domination of such longer chain Polyprenols belonged to various systematic families. In some plants (e.g. Ceiba pentandra) α-cis Polyprenols were accompanied by αtrans counterparts. This report describes several new plant species that may serve as natural sources of long chain Polyprenols.
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Alloprenols: novel α-trans-Polyprenols of Allophylus caudatus
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 2007Co-Authors: Ewa Ciepichal, Magdalena Kania, Jacek Wójcik, Jozefina Hertel, Andrzej Marczewski, Tomasz Bieńkowski, Malgorzata Swist, Witold Danikiewicz, Zdzislaw Matysiak, Ewa SwiezewskaAbstract:Abstract A novel type of Polyprenols, alloprenols, with an α-trans-isoprenoid unit was found in the leaves of Allophylus caudatus (Sapindaceae) besides typical α-cis-Polyprenols. The Polyprenol family (Prenol-11–13, Prenol-12 dominating) was accompanied by traces of dolichols of the same chain-length. Prenol α-cis- and α-trans-isomers were chromatographically separated and their structure was analyzed by HPLC/ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Model compounds, semi-synthetic α-isomers of all-trans-Pren-9 and mainly-cis-Pren-11, were obtained using an oxidation–reduction procedure. Comparison of their NMR spectra confirmed the structure of the newly identified Polyprenols. The observed pattern of NMR signal shifts may be applied for elucidation of isoprenoid structure.
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interplay between the cis prenyltransferases and Polyprenol reductase in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae
Biochimie, 2006Co-Authors: Anna Szkopinska, Ewa Swiezewska, Joanna RytkaAbstract:Abstract Dolichol formation is examined in three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with mutations in the ERG20 gene encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (mevalonic acid pathway) and/or the ERG9 gene encoding squalene synthase (sterol synthesis pathway) differing in the amount and chain length of the polyisoprenoids synthesized. Our results suggest that the activities of two yeast cis-prenyltransferases Rer2p and Srt1p and Polyprenol reductase are not co-regulated and that reductase may be the rate-limiting enzyme in dolichol synthesis if the amount of polyisoprenoids synthesized exceeds a certain level. We demonstrate that reductase preferentially acts on typical Polyprenols with 13–18 isoprene residues but can reduce much longer Polyprenols with even 32 isoprene residues.
Chengzhang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Separation of Polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba leaves by a nano silica-based adsorbent containing silver ions
Journal of Chromatography A, 2019Co-Authors: Changwei Zhang, Chengzhang Wang, Jianzhong YeAbstract:Abstract Polyprenols extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves is a kinds of unsaturated compound containing double bonds. Traditionally, the separation methods for the Polyprenols are lack of selectivity and their separation efficiency are low. We synthesized two kinds of functional nano-silica containing silver ions materials (AgTCM and AgTCN) which have selectivity for unsaturated compounds to separate Ginkgo biloba leaves Polyprenols for the first time. AgTCN displays exceptionally high selectivity for Polyprenols and high stability under extended heat and light exposure, while silver is virtually immobile during solvent elution. Importantly, the exceptional stability of AgTCN gives rise to much higher Polyprenols recovery than conventional silica gel during the chromatographic elution. In addition, we found that the adsorption of Polyprenols onto the AgTCN conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetic model and AgTCN has strong affinity with Polyprenols by analyzing Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin−Pyzhev, and Dubinin−Radushkevich isotherms. The calculation results of thermodynamic parameters demonstrate that decrease of temperature in favor of increasing the adsorbing capacity of Polyprenols onto the AgTCN, and the adsorption process of which is exothermic reaction. Our results pave the way for the novel separation methods of Polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba leaves.
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antibacterial cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of nitrogenated and haloid derivatives of c 50 c 60 and c 70 c 120 Polyprenol homologs
Lipids in Health and Disease, 2016Co-Authors: Chengzhang Wang, Jianzhong Ye, Hao Zhou, Hongxia Chen, Changwei ZhangAbstract:Polyprenol is an important lipid with many bioactive effects. The study on differences in bioactive effects of Polyprenol derivatives having different isoprene units are seldom reported and it is helpful to find out which type of Polyprenol derivatives are effective for treating A549/HepG2 cells and E. coli /S. aureus. All tested Polyprenol derivatives were measured with inhibition halos by Oxford cup assays. MIC values were assessed by the broth dilution method. Time-killing curve studies were conducted in duplicate on separate days. Cytotoxicity study was measured by the MTT assay and genotoxic study was evaluated by comet assay. With regard to antibacterial activity, the sensitivities to the quaternary polyprenyl ammonium salt derivatives GAS and MAS were 31.3 μg/mL and 15.6–31.3 μg/mL, respectively. GAS and MAS exhibited cytotoxic activity toward HepG2 cells (IC50 of 10.1–11.6 μg/mL), which was stronger than that exhibited toward A549 cells (IC50 of 13.8–13.9 μg/mL). The bactericidal activity of MAS was stronger than that of GAS at the same concentration at least 48 h. The DNA damage in A549 and HepG2 cells exposed to all 10, 20 and 40 μg/mL MAS was statistically significant in comparison to the control. Our results indicate a dose-dependent increment in DNA damage in A549 and HepG2 cells exposed to 10, 20 and 40 μg/mL MAS for both the percentage of DNA in the tail and tail moment. The quaternary ammonium salt derivatives GAS and MAS exhibited higher antibacterial (E. coli and S. aureus) and cytotoxic activity (A549 and HepG2 cells) than the other derivatives evaluated in this study. The DNA damage in HepG2 cells suggests that MAS induced A549 and HepG2 cells death via apoptotic pathway. Our results provide new evidence supporting the medical use of Polyprenol derivatives against bacterial and tumor diseases.
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enzymolysis based ultrasound extraction and antioxidant activities of Polyprenol lipids from ginkgo biloba leaves
Process Biochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Changwei Zhang, Chengzhang Wang, Chuanjie FangAbstract:Abstract Polyprenols are one of the most important lipid components in Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs). In this study, an enzymolysis-based ultrasound extraction procedure of GBL Polyprenol (GBP) lipids was established, and the antioxidant activities of Polyprenols and six kinds of polar fractions separated from GBL lipids via an optimal extraction procedure were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were an enzyme quantity of 0.5 g (the mass ratio of cellulase and pectinase was 1:2, and the enzyme activity was 60 U/mg), enzymolysis pH of 4.5, and temperature of ultrasound of 45 °C. Under these conditions, the yield of Polyprenols was 0.80% ± 0.22%, which is 69.70% higher than that obtained by direct petroleum ether extraction. In addition, concentration c (content of Polyprenols was 91.53%), fraction 3 (content of Polyprenols was 43.28%), Polyprenols (content of Polyprenols >99%), and fraction 3 showed the strongest scavenging effect on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals with the corresponding IC 50 values of 236.9, 76.84, 80.23, and 113.9 μg/mL. It is inferred that GBL lipids with different concentrations of Polyprenols could play different roles in the research and development of cosmetics and functional food.
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antibacterial antifungal activity and synergistic interactions between c70 c120 Polyprenol homologs from ginkgo biloba l leaves and the corresponding synthetic derivatives
European Food Research and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Chengzhang Wang, Jianzhong Ye, Hao Zhou, Hongxia Chen, Yusi ZhangAbstract:Polyprenol (GBP) separated from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBL) is an important lipid component having many bioactive effects. The five GBP derivatives, polyprenyl acetate, n-amyl polypentylene, polyprenyl-3-isoamyl benzyl ether, polyprenyl dichlorophosphite (GPD) and polyprenyl phosphate disodium salt (GPP), were synthetized from GBP homologs (C70–C120), isolated and purified from GBL. This study provides the new evidence of the antibacterial/antifungal activities and synergistic effect on GBP with the five GBP derivatives against five pathogenic strains (Salmonella enterica, Staphylocococus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis). As a result, GPD showed the highest activity among all the tested samples and inhibited the growth of all the strains. And the GPP and GBP mixture group had the strongest synergistic effect against S. enterica among all mixture groups against the five tested strains, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index was 0.37. The proportion of GPP and GBP was 37.41:62.59 % (wt/wt) that was determined as the optimal proportion of synergistic effect on GPP with GBP against S. enterica. It infers that the antibacterial/antifungal activities and synergistic effect on alkyl-substituted GBP derivative with GBP are decreased, while the effect of phosphate-substituted GBP derivative with GBP is increased. The author assumes that antibacterial/antifungal activity of Polyprenols and their derivatives is maybe a connection between increased membrane destabilization and increased Polyprenol length, and Polyprenols compared with their derivatives have different arrangement to the membrane surface of microorganisms. This study provides a new scientific basis for the ethnomedical use of GBP and GBP derivatives against bacterial and fungal diseases of animals and plants.
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Antibacterial Activity of Polyprenols and Other Lipids from Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves
Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Applied Biotechnology (ICAB 2012), 2013Co-Authors: Chengzhang Wang, Zhen-wu KongAbstract:Polyprenols are new effective lipids separated from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves. In this paper, the light and heavy distillates were prepared from ginkgo lipids by extraction with petroleum ether, saponification, and molecular distillation. And then the seven known compounds: β-sitosterol acetate (1), palmitamide (2), glyceryl tripalmitate (3), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), β-sitosterol (5), stigmasterol (6), ergosterol (7), and Polyprenols were isolated by chromatograph from lipids of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves. In the meantime, the antibacterial activity of light and heavy distillates, seven compounds and Polyprenols was assessed against three pathogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis) employing disc-diffusion and broth-dilution assays. The heavy distillates showed the highest activity (zone of inhibition of 14–17 mm) followed by the light distillates (13–15 mm), Polyprenols (12–14 mm), β-sitosterol (5) (10–14 mm), palmitamide (2) (11–13 mm), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4) (10–13 mm), β-sitosterol acetate (1) (10–12 mm), stigmasterol (6), and ergosterol (7) (9–10 mm), glyceryl tripalmitate (3) (10 mm) at 500 μg/mL. MIC and MBC values for the bacteria sensitive to Polyprenols were in the range of 31.3–62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL. It can be inferred Polyprenols which have synergistic inhibitory effect with other lipids.