The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jodok Troy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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two Popes to speak for the world the Pope and the united nations secretary general in world politics
Review of Faith & International Affairs, 2017Co-Authors: Jodok TroyAbstract:Despite recent studies on leadership, the discipline of International Relations is still reluctant to engage in studies of individual agency in the international structure.1 Two prominent examples ...
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two Popes to speak for the world the Pope and the united nations secretary general in world politics
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Jodok TroyAbstract:This article argues that a combination of individuals in institutions leads to the evolution of the Pope and the UN’s Secretary General as instances of moral leadership. Comparing the Pope and the Secretary General in terms of scope and aim of their agency and normative claims starts with the observation that their agency is influenced by institutions. If those individuals link responsibility and the agency granted by their institutions, they potentially can outgrow institutional constraints. Both individuals developed influence in terms of moral and executive leadership apart from internal constitutional foundations of their institutions and external structural constraints and demands.
Juyang Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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large domain formation in popc Pope lipid bilayers at the maximum solubility limit of cholesterol
Biophysical Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Serkan Balyimez, Juyang HuangAbstract:Lipid bilayers composed of POPC and Pope usually stay as 1-phase mixtures at room temperature, with or without incorporation of modest amount of cholesterol. However, at the maximum solubility limit of cholesterol, possibility of domain formation has been suggested based on the detail molecular packing patterns of phospholipids with cholesterol. The maximum solubility of cholesterol in a lipid bilayer is the highest mole fraction of cholesterol that can be incorporated into a lipid bilayer before cholesterol crystals precipitate. Previously, the maximum solubility of cholesterol in mixtures of POPC/Pope lipid bilayers has been measured using a cholesterol oxidase (COD) reaction rate assay. The maximum solubility of cholesterol was determined to be 67 mol % in POPC bilayers and 50 mol % in Pope bilayers. In mixtures of Pope/POPC, the maximum solubility of cholesterol increases linearly as a function of the ratio POPC/(Pope+POPC). In this study, planar lipid bilayers of POPC and Pope at their cholesterol solubility limits were incubated on mica surfaces inside hydrated chambers. Although the bilayers appeared having uniform fluorescence intensity initially, we found that large lipid domains became visible by fluorescence microscopy after several days of incubation. Previously, it has been suggested that cholesterol may form a “hexagonal” regular distribution pattern at the maximum solubility limit in Pope bilayers and a “maze” pattern at the maximum solubility in POPC bilayers. Thus, it is possible that the lipid mixtures separated into POPC-rich and Pope-rich lipid domains, each having their signature lipid packing pattern and mole fraction of cholesterol.
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the maximum solubility of cholesterol in popc Pope lipid mixtures
Biophysical Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Serkan Balyimez, Soyeun Park, Juyang HuangAbstract:Cholesterol is a major constituent of cell membranes and has many important cell functions. The maximum solubility of cholesterol in a lipid bilayer is the highest mole fraction of cholesterol that can be incorporated into a lipid bilayer before cholesterol crystals precipitate. The maximum solubility can provide valuable information about cholesterol-phospholipid interaction. In this study, the maximum solubility of cholesterol in mixtures of Pope/POPC lipid bilayer has been investigated systematically using a cholesterol oxidase (COD) reaction rate assay. The maximum solubility of cholesterol was determined to be 67 mol % in POPC bilayers and 50 mol % in Pope bilayers. In mixtures of Pope/POPC, the maximum solubility of cholesterol increases linearly as a function of the ratio POPC/( Pope+POPC). The data indicates that cholesterol prefers the large headgroup lipid (POPC) over the small headgroup lipid (Pope) and the maximum solubility increases with the population of large headgroup lipid (POPC), which are consistent with the Umbrella Model. Previously, it has been suggested that cholesterol may form a “hexagonal” regular distribution pattern at the maximum solubility limit in Pope bilayers and a “maze” pattern at the maximum solubility in POPC bilayers. Whether such domains also exist at the maximum solubility limit in Pope/POPC mixtures is investigated using AFM.
Max Welling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pope post optimization posterior evaluation of likelihood free models
BMC Bioinformatics, 2015Co-Authors: Edward Meeds, Michael Chiang, Mary Lee, Olivier Cinquin, John Lowengrub, Max WellingAbstract:In many domains, scientists build complex simulators of natural phenomena that encode their hypotheses about the underlying processes. These simulators can be deterministic or stochastic, fast or slow, constrained or unconstrained, and so on. Optimizing the simulators with respect to a set of parameter values is common practice, resulting in a single parameter setting that minimizes an objective subject to constraints. We propose algorithms for post optimization posterior evaluation (Pope) of simulators. The algorithms compute and visualize all simulations that can generate results of the same or better quality than the optimum, subject to constraints. These optimization posteriors are desirable for a number of reasons among which are easy interpretability, automatic parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis, and posterior predictive analysis. Our algorithms are simple extensions to an existing simulation-based inference framework called approximate Bayesian computation. Pope is applied two biological simulators: a fast and stochastic simulator of stem-cell cycling and a slow and deterministic simulator of tumor growth patterns. Pope allows the scientist to explore and understand the role that constraints, both on the input and the output, have on the optimization posterior. As a Bayesian inference procedure, Pope provides a rigorous framework for the analysis of the uncertainty of an optimal simulation parameter setting.
Georg Pabst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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monolayer spontaneous curvature of raft forming membrane lipids
Soft Matter, 2013Co-Authors: Benjamin Kollmitzer, Peter Heftberger, Michael Rappolt, Georg PabstAbstract:Monolayer spontaneous curvatures for cholesterol, DOPE, Pope, DOPC, DPPC, DSPC, POPC, SOPC, and egg sphingomyelin were obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on inverted hexagonal phases (HII). Spontaneous curvatures of bilayer forming lipids were estimated by adding controlled amounts to a HII forming template following previously established protocols. Spontaneous curvatures of both phosphatidylethanolamines and cholesterol were found to be at least a factor of two more negative than those of phosphatidylcholines, whose J0 values are closer to zero. Interestingly, a significant positive J0 value was retrieved for DPPC. We further determined the temperature dependence of the spontaneous curvatures J0(T) in the range from 15 to 55 °C, resulting in a quite narrow distribution of −1 to −3 × 10−3 (nm °C)−1 for most investigated lipids. The data allowed us to estimate the monolayer spontaneous curvatures of ternary lipid mixtures showing liquid ordered/liquid disordered phase coexistence. We report spontaneous curvature phase diagrams for DSPC/DOPC/Chol, DPPC/DOPC/Chol and SM/POPC/Chol and discuss effects on protein insertion and line tension.
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monolayer spontaneous curvature of raft forming membrane lipids
arXiv: Soft Condensed Matter, 2013Co-Authors: Benjamin Kollmitzer, Peter Heftberger, Michael Rappolt, Georg PabstAbstract:Monolayer spontaneous curvatures for cholesterol, DOPE, Pope, DOPC, DPPC, DSPC, POPC, SOPC, and egg sphingomyelin were obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on inverted hexagonal phases (HII). Spontaneous curvatures of bilayer forming lipids were estimated by adding controlled amounts to a HII forming template following previously established protocols. Spontanous curvatures of both phosphatidylethanolamines and cholesterol were found to be at least a factor of two more negative than those of phosphatidylcholines, whose J0 are closer to zero. Interestingly, a significant positive J0 value (+0.1 1/nm) was retrieved for DPPC at 25 {\deg}C. We further determined the temperature dependence of the spontaneous curvatures J0(T) in the range from 15 to 55 \degC, resulting in a quite narrow distribution of -1 to -3 * 10^-3 1/nm{\deg}C for most investigated lipids. The data allowed us to estimate the monolayer spontaneous curvatures of ternary lipid mixtures showing liquid ordered / liquid disordered phase coexistence. We report spontaneous curvature phase diagrams for DSPC/DOPC/Chol, DPPC/DOPC/Chol and SM/POPC/Chol and discuss effects on protein insertion and line tension.
Michael Rappolt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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monolayer spontaneous curvature of raft forming membrane lipids
Soft Matter, 2013Co-Authors: Benjamin Kollmitzer, Peter Heftberger, Michael Rappolt, Georg PabstAbstract:Monolayer spontaneous curvatures for cholesterol, DOPE, Pope, DOPC, DPPC, DSPC, POPC, SOPC, and egg sphingomyelin were obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on inverted hexagonal phases (HII). Spontaneous curvatures of bilayer forming lipids were estimated by adding controlled amounts to a HII forming template following previously established protocols. Spontaneous curvatures of both phosphatidylethanolamines and cholesterol were found to be at least a factor of two more negative than those of phosphatidylcholines, whose J0 values are closer to zero. Interestingly, a significant positive J0 value was retrieved for DPPC. We further determined the temperature dependence of the spontaneous curvatures J0(T) in the range from 15 to 55 °C, resulting in a quite narrow distribution of −1 to −3 × 10−3 (nm °C)−1 for most investigated lipids. The data allowed us to estimate the monolayer spontaneous curvatures of ternary lipid mixtures showing liquid ordered/liquid disordered phase coexistence. We report spontaneous curvature phase diagrams for DSPC/DOPC/Chol, DPPC/DOPC/Chol and SM/POPC/Chol and discuss effects on protein insertion and line tension.
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monolayer spontaneous curvature of raft forming membrane lipids
arXiv: Soft Condensed Matter, 2013Co-Authors: Benjamin Kollmitzer, Peter Heftberger, Michael Rappolt, Georg PabstAbstract:Monolayer spontaneous curvatures for cholesterol, DOPE, Pope, DOPC, DPPC, DSPC, POPC, SOPC, and egg sphingomyelin were obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on inverted hexagonal phases (HII). Spontaneous curvatures of bilayer forming lipids were estimated by adding controlled amounts to a HII forming template following previously established protocols. Spontanous curvatures of both phosphatidylethanolamines and cholesterol were found to be at least a factor of two more negative than those of phosphatidylcholines, whose J0 are closer to zero. Interestingly, a significant positive J0 value (+0.1 1/nm) was retrieved for DPPC at 25 {\deg}C. We further determined the temperature dependence of the spontaneous curvatures J0(T) in the range from 15 to 55 \degC, resulting in a quite narrow distribution of -1 to -3 * 10^-3 1/nm{\deg}C for most investigated lipids. The data allowed us to estimate the monolayer spontaneous curvatures of ternary lipid mixtures showing liquid ordered / liquid disordered phase coexistence. We report spontaneous curvature phase diagrams for DSPC/DOPC/Chol, DPPC/DOPC/Chol and SM/POPC/Chol and discuss effects on protein insertion and line tension.
