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Kieron J Barclay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the birth order paradox sibling differences in educational attainment
    LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kieron J Barclay
    Abstract:

    This study uses Population Register data to examine the relationship between birth order and educational attainment in Sweden, and demonstrates that while the net effect of birth order on educational attainment is negative, later-born children often spend longer in education. The explanation for this finding is due to educational expansion in Sweden in the 20th century, which outweighs the negative causal effect of birth order for the affected cohorts. This is particularly true for women due to the fact that the rate of increasing educational enrolment has been greater for women than for men. These results also show that later-borns in large families particularly benefit from educational expansion due to the longer average birth interval between the first and last child in large families, meaning that the supply of educational opportunities increased to a greater extent in the intervening period. However, in periods where education is not expanding, later-born siblings continue to fare worse than first-borns.

  • the birth order paradox sibling differences in educational attainment
    Social Science Research Network, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kieron J Barclay
    Abstract:

    This study uses Population Register data to examine the relationship between birth order and educational attainment in Sweden, and demonstrates that while the causal effect of birth order on educational attainment is negative, later born children actually perform better. The explanation for this finding is due to educational expansion in Sweden in the 20th century, which outweighs the negative causal effect of birth order. This is particularly true for women due to the fact that the rate of increasing educational enrollment has been greater for women than for men. These results also show that later borns in large families particularly benefit from educational expansion due to the longer average birth interval between the first and last child in large families. The difference between the negative causal effect and actual experience of birth order is likely to be contributing to the confusion regarding birth order effects in the literature.

Ian Milsom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • urinary incontinence overactive bladder and other lower urinary tract symptoms a longitudinal Population based survey in men aged 45 103 years
    European Urology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ulf G H Malmsten, Ulla Molander, Ralph Peeker, Debra E Irwin, Ian Milsom
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB) are highly prevalent conditions, but there are few studies describing progression and remission of LUTS in men, especially over the long term. Objective To describe the prevalence of UI, OAB, and LUTS using current International Continence Society definitions in the same men studied longitudinally over time. Design Prospective, Population-based, longitudinal study. Setting and participants In 1992, 10 458 men aged 45–99 yr, resident in the city of Gothenburg, were selected at random from the Population Register. Measurements The men received a postal questionnaire about the presence of LUTS, as well as questions on social, medical, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and demographic data. Responders in 1992 were reassessed 11 yr later in 2003 using a similar questionnaire. Results and limitations In 2003, 4072 of the 7763 men who responded in 1992 were still available in the Population Register and 3257 men (80%) aged 56–103 yr, responded. Prevalence of UI and OAB had increased ( p p p Conclusions There was a marked increase in the prevalence of UI, OAB, and other LUTS in the same men assessed longitudinally over this 11-yr period. UI and OAB had a negative influence on HRQoL, and men who developed UI or OAB had a greater deterioration in HRQoL than men who had no change in their UI/OAB status over time.

  • a longitudinal Population based survey of urinary incontinence overactive bladder and other lower urinary tract symptoms in women
    European Urology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Annalena Wennberg, Ulla Molander, Ralph Peeker, Magnus Fall, Christer Edlund, Ian Milsom
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Female urinary incontinence (UI), overactive bladder (OAB), and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent conditions with a profound influence on well-being and quality of life. There are a few studies describing progression as well as remission, in the short term, of UI in the general Population as well as in selected groups; at present, there are very few Population-based studies describing the natural course of other LUTS in the same women, and there are no long-term longitudinal studies. Objective To describe the prevalence of UI, OAB, and other LUTS in the same women studied prospectively over time and, thus, to assess possible progression or regression. Design, setting, and participants A longitudinal Population-based study was performed in one primary health care district in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. The participants were a sample of women aged ≥20 yr who were randomly selected from the Swedish National Population Register, assessed in 1991 ( n =2911), and available for reassessment in 2007 ( n =1408). Methods A self-administered postal questionnaire regarding UI, OAB, and other LUTS was returned by 77% of the contacted women in 1991. The same women who responded in 1991 and who were still alive and available in the Swedish National Population Register 16 yr later were reassessed using a similar self-administered postal questionnaire. Results and limitations In 2007, 1081 of the available 1408 women responded to the questionnaire (77%). The overall prevalence of UI, OAB, nocturia, and daytime micturition frequency of eight or more times per day increased by 13%, 9%, 20% ( p p OAB dry or OAB wet , depending on the presence or absence of concomitant UI. The prevalence of OAB dry did not differ between the two assessment occasions (11% and 10%, respectively), but the prevalence of OAB wet increased from 6% to 16% ( p Conclusions UI and other LUTS constitute dynamic conditions. In this study, there was a marked overall increase in the prevalence of UI, OAB, and nocturia in the same women from 1991 to 2007. Both incidence and remission of most symptoms were considerable.

  • the influence of age parity oral contraception hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women
    The Journal of Urology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Ian Milsom, Ulla Molander, Peter Ekelund, Leif Arvidsson, Bjorn Areskoug
    Abstract:

    AbstractThe influence of age, parity, duration of previous oral contraceptive use, hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence was evaluated by means of a postal questionnaire in women 46 to 86 years old who resided in the city of Goteborg, Sweden. A sample of 10,000 women from the 7 birth cohorts of 1900 to 1940 was obtained at random from the Population Register. The overall response rate was 74.6%. The prevalence of urinary incontinence increased (p <0.001) in a linear fashion from 12.1% in the 1940 birth cohort to 24.6% in the 1900 birth cohort. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous women was 7.7% in the 1930 birth cohort and 5.5% in the 1940 birth cohort. The corresponding figures for women who had experienced 1 delivery were 11.1% and 10.6%, compared to 14.0% and 16.4% among women who had had 3 or more deliveries. Urinary incontinence was more prevalent in women who had undergone hysterectomy (p <0.05). The prevalence of urinary incontinence was unaffected by...

Ulla Molander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • urinary incontinence overactive bladder and other lower urinary tract symptoms a longitudinal Population based survey in men aged 45 103 years
    European Urology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ulf G H Malmsten, Ulla Molander, Ralph Peeker, Debra E Irwin, Ian Milsom
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB) are highly prevalent conditions, but there are few studies describing progression and remission of LUTS in men, especially over the long term. Objective To describe the prevalence of UI, OAB, and LUTS using current International Continence Society definitions in the same men studied longitudinally over time. Design Prospective, Population-based, longitudinal study. Setting and participants In 1992, 10 458 men aged 45–99 yr, resident in the city of Gothenburg, were selected at random from the Population Register. Measurements The men received a postal questionnaire about the presence of LUTS, as well as questions on social, medical, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and demographic data. Responders in 1992 were reassessed 11 yr later in 2003 using a similar questionnaire. Results and limitations In 2003, 4072 of the 7763 men who responded in 1992 were still available in the Population Register and 3257 men (80%) aged 56–103 yr, responded. Prevalence of UI and OAB had increased ( p p p Conclusions There was a marked increase in the prevalence of UI, OAB, and other LUTS in the same men assessed longitudinally over this 11-yr period. UI and OAB had a negative influence on HRQoL, and men who developed UI or OAB had a greater deterioration in HRQoL than men who had no change in their UI/OAB status over time.

  • a longitudinal Population based survey of urinary incontinence overactive bladder and other lower urinary tract symptoms in women
    European Urology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Annalena Wennberg, Ulla Molander, Ralph Peeker, Magnus Fall, Christer Edlund, Ian Milsom
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Female urinary incontinence (UI), overactive bladder (OAB), and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent conditions with a profound influence on well-being and quality of life. There are a few studies describing progression as well as remission, in the short term, of UI in the general Population as well as in selected groups; at present, there are very few Population-based studies describing the natural course of other LUTS in the same women, and there are no long-term longitudinal studies. Objective To describe the prevalence of UI, OAB, and other LUTS in the same women studied prospectively over time and, thus, to assess possible progression or regression. Design, setting, and participants A longitudinal Population-based study was performed in one primary health care district in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. The participants were a sample of women aged ≥20 yr who were randomly selected from the Swedish National Population Register, assessed in 1991 ( n =2911), and available for reassessment in 2007 ( n =1408). Methods A self-administered postal questionnaire regarding UI, OAB, and other LUTS was returned by 77% of the contacted women in 1991. The same women who responded in 1991 and who were still alive and available in the Swedish National Population Register 16 yr later were reassessed using a similar self-administered postal questionnaire. Results and limitations In 2007, 1081 of the available 1408 women responded to the questionnaire (77%). The overall prevalence of UI, OAB, nocturia, and daytime micturition frequency of eight or more times per day increased by 13%, 9%, 20% ( p p OAB dry or OAB wet , depending on the presence or absence of concomitant UI. The prevalence of OAB dry did not differ between the two assessment occasions (11% and 10%, respectively), but the prevalence of OAB wet increased from 6% to 16% ( p Conclusions UI and other LUTS constitute dynamic conditions. In this study, there was a marked overall increase in the prevalence of UI, OAB, and nocturia in the same women from 1991 to 2007. Both incidence and remission of most symptoms were considerable.

  • the influence of age parity oral contraception hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women
    The Journal of Urology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Ian Milsom, Ulla Molander, Peter Ekelund, Leif Arvidsson, Bjorn Areskoug
    Abstract:

    AbstractThe influence of age, parity, duration of previous oral contraceptive use, hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence was evaluated by means of a postal questionnaire in women 46 to 86 years old who resided in the city of Goteborg, Sweden. A sample of 10,000 women from the 7 birth cohorts of 1900 to 1940 was obtained at random from the Population Register. The overall response rate was 74.6%. The prevalence of urinary incontinence increased (p <0.001) in a linear fashion from 12.1% in the 1940 birth cohort to 24.6% in the 1900 birth cohort. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous women was 7.7% in the 1930 birth cohort and 5.5% in the 1940 birth cohort. The corresponding figures for women who had experienced 1 delivery were 11.1% and 10.6%, compared to 14.0% and 16.4% among women who had had 3 or more deliveries. Urinary incontinence was more prevalent in women who had undergone hysterectomy (p <0.05). The prevalence of urinary incontinence was unaffected by...

Teuvo L J Tammela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nocturia frequency bother and quality of life how often is too often a Population based study in finland
    European Urology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kari A O Tikkinen, Theodore M Johnson, Teuvo L J Tammela, Harri Sintonen, Jari Haukka, Heini Huhtala, Anssi Auvinen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Nocturia (ie, waking at night to void) is common and disrupts sleep. Traditionally, one nightly episode has been regarded as clinically meaningless, yet the justification for this belief remains weak. Objective To evaluate the association among frequency of nocturia and bother and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Design, setting, and participants In 2003–2004, a survey was mailed to a random sample of 6000 subjects aged 18–79 yr who were identified from the Finnish Population Register Centre (response proportion was 62.4%; 53.7% were females). Measurements HRQoL and bother from nocturia were examined in relation to self-reported nocturia frequency (using the American Urological Association Symptom Index and the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score). Bother from nocturia was assessed on a four-point scale (none, small, moderate, major). HRQoL was measured with the generic 15D instrument on a 0–1 scale with a minimum clinically important difference of 0.03. Results and limitations Degree of bother increased with nocturia frequency ( p Conclusions At least two voids per night is associated with impaired HRQoL. The majority of people report having bother when the number of nocturia episodes is two and moderate or major bother when the number is three or more. One void per night does not identify subjects with interference from nocturia and, thus, is not a suitable criterion for clinically relevant nocturia.

  • a systematic evaluation of factors associated with nocturia the Population based finno study
    American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kari A O Tikkinen, Theodore M Johnson, Anssi Auvinen, Aila Tiitinen, Jeffrey P Weiss, Tapani Keranen, Olli Polo, Markku Partinen, Teuvo L J Tammela
    Abstract:

    In a case-control study with prevalence sampling, the authors explored the correlates for nocturia and their Population-level impact. In 2003-2004, questionnaires were mailed to 6,000 subjects (aged 18-79 years) randomly identified from the Finnish Population Register (62.4% participated; 53.7% were female). Questionnaires contained items on medical conditions, medications, lifestyle, sociodemographic and reproductive factors, urinary symptoms, and snoring. Nocturia was defined as > or =2 voids/night. In age-adjusted analyses, factors associated with nocturia were entered into a multivariate model. Backward elimination was used to select variables for the final model, with adjustment for confounding. Although numerous correlates were identified, none affected > or =50% of nocturia cases of both sexes. The factors with the greatest impact at the Population level were (urinary) urgency (attributable number/1,000 subjects (AN) = 24), benign prostatic hyperplasia (AN = 19), and snoring (AN = 16) for men and overweight and obesity (AN = 40), urgency (AN = 24), and snoring (AN = 17) for women. Moreover, correlates included prostate cancer and antidepressant use for men, coronary artery disease and diabetes for women, and restless legs syndrome and obesity for both sexes. Although several correlates were identified, none accounted for a substantial proportion of the Population burden, highlighting the multifactorial etiology of nocturia.

  • reproductive factors associated with nocturia and urinary urgency in women a Population based study in finland
    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kari A O Tikkinen, Theodore M Johnson, Anssi Auvinen, Aila Tiitinen, Antti Valpas, Teuvo L J Tammela
    Abstract:

    Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of nocturia and urinary urgency with reproductive factors, including parity, the postpartum period, the menopause, hormone replacement therapy, hysterectomy, and surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Study Design In 2003-2004, questionnaires eliciting urinary symptoms, reproductive factors, SUI surgery, and potential confounders were mailed to 3000 randomly selected women aged 18-79 years, identified from the Finnish Population Register. Nocturia was defined as 2 or more voids/night. Sudden compelling desire to urinate often or always (scale of never, rarely, often, always) was regarded as urgency. Pregnant and puerperal (6 weeks after delivery) women and those reporting urinary tract infection were excluded. Results Responses totaled 2002 (67%). Parity, postpartum (defined as six weeks to one year after delivery) and postmenopausal periods were associated with increased nocturia and SUI surgery with increased urgency (adjusted for age, comorbidity, medication, anthropometric, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors). Hormone therapy and hysterectomy were associated with neither symptom. Conclusion Reproductive factors associated with nocturia differed from those related to urgency.

  • is nocturia equally common among men and women a Population based study in finland
    The Journal of Urology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kari A O Tikkinen, Teuvo L J Tammela, Heini Huhtala, Anssi Auvinen
    Abstract:

    Purpose: We assessed the prevalence of nocturia and its association with sociodemographic factors.Materials and Methods: Information was collected with a questionnaire mailed to a random sample of 6,000 subjects 18 to 79 years old, identified from the Finnish Population Register Centre. Nocturia was defined as 1 or more, or 2 or more voids per night. Information was collected using the DAN-PSS questionnaire with an additional question from the AUA-SI questionnaire. Age standardized prevalence was calculated using the European standard Population. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.Results: Of the 6,000 subjects 62.4% responded and 97.9% of the participants provided information on all nocturia questions. The age standardized prevalence of nocturia (1 or more voids per night) was 37% (95% CI 34%-40%) among men and 43% (95% CI 40%-46%) among women. With criterion of 2 or more voids per night prevalence was 12% (95% CI 10%-14%) for men and 13% (95% CI 11%-14%) for women. Women 18 to 49 yea...

  • prevalence of symptoms related to interstitial cystitis in women a Population based study in finland
    The Journal of Urology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Mikael Leppilahti, Teuvo L J Tammela, Heini Huhtala, Anssi Auvinen
    Abstract:

    Purpose: Interstitial cystitis is a chronic inflammatory bladder disease. Despite intensive research its prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and appropriate treatment remain elusive. We estimated the prevalence of urinary symptoms related to interstitial cystitis in women in Finland.Materials and Methods: We randomly selected 2,000 study participants 18 to 71 years old from the Finnish Population Register. The prevalence of urinary symptoms was evaluated using the validated O’Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom and problem index questionnaire, which was mailed to subjects. Women with high (12 or greater) symptom and problem scores, including nocturia 2 or greater, pain 2 or greater, and excluding urinary infection and pregnancy, were considered most likely to have interstitial cystitis.Results: The response rate after 2 mailings was 67.2% (1,343 respondents). After further exclusions 1,331 women (66.6%) comprised the final study group. Of these 1,331 respondents 11 (0.8%) reported severe symptoms and pro...

Bengt Jarvholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • incidence of hand eczema a Population based retrospective study
    Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2004
    Co-Authors: B Meding, Bengt Jarvholm
    Abstract:

    When etiological relationship is of interest, the incidence rate is a preferred measure. The aim of the present retrospective study was to estimate the incidence rate of self-reported hand eczema in a sample from the general Population and to study the relation of this to age, sex, and atopy. A questionnaire was mailed to 3000 individuals aged 20–65 y, randomly selected from the Population Register of Goteborg, Sweden. This gave a response rate of 73.9%. Questions were asked about ever having had hand eczema, time of onset of the disease, history of childhood eczema, and history of asthma/hay fever. The crude incidence rate of self-reported hand eczema was 5.5 cases per 1000 person-years (females 7.1 and males 4.0). There was no difference, however, in incidence rate between women and men above 30 y of age. In a Poisson regression analysis, female sex, childhood eczema, and asthma/hay fever were all significantly associated with hand eczema, but only at ages below 30 y. A moderate influence of recall bias and a probable tendency to underreport imply that the incidence rates presented are to be considered as minimum rates.

  • hand eczema in swedish adults changes in prevalence between 1983 and 1996
    Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2002
    Co-Authors: B Meding, Bengt Jarvholm
    Abstract:

    Hand eczema is the most frequent occupational skin disease. Our aim was to study changes in its prevalence in Swedish adults. Cross-sectional studies were performed in 1983 and 1996. Random samples from the Population of Gothenburg, Sweden, aged 20–65 y, were drawn from the Population Register. Data were collected with a postal questionnaire, which was identical in the two studies. The response rate was 83.5% (16,708 out of 20,000) in 1983 and 73.9% (2218 out of 3000) in 1996. The reported 1 y prevalence of hand eczema decreased from 11.8% in 1983 to 9.7% in 1996 (p