The Experts below are selected from a list of 2940 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Avinash Kumar Agarwal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental investigations of combustion performance and emission characteristics of a hydrogen enriched natural gas Fuelled prototype spark ignition engine
Fuel, 2016Co-Authors: Gaurav Verma, Rajesh Kumar Prasad, Rashmi A Agarwal, Siddhant Jain, Avinash Kumar AgarwalAbstract:Abstract In this study, spark ignition of hydrogen enriched natural gas (HCNG), a fast emerging alternative gaseous Fuel, was experimentally investigated in a suitably modified single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine. Port Fuel Injection of the HCNG engine using a high volume flow rate solenoid injector, controlled by a customized injector control unit and electronic control unit (ECU) was done and the Fuel Injection timings and duration were controlled for each load. Fuels with different H/C ratios in the final HCNG mixture were investigated for their engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics. Engine investigations were carried out at constant engine speed of 1500 rpm for different H/C ratios (4, 4.22, 4.5, 4.85, 5.33 and ∞). Spark timing was kept constant (32° bTDC) for all test blends. Relative air–Fuel ratio (RAFR) was kept constant for all loads during the experiments in order to avoid misfire at lower engine load. Hydrogen exhibited higher pressure peak (Pmax) but lower maximum brake torque (MBT) compared to other test Fuels due to lower knocking limit. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was superior for test Fuel with H/C: 4.5. NOx emissions were higher for test Fuel with H/C: 4.22 and relatively lower for hydrogen compared to baseline natural gas.
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measurement of number and size distribution of particles emitted from a mid sized transPortation multipoint Port Fuel Injection gasoline engine
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Tarun Gupta, Abhishek Kothari, Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava, Avinash Kumar AgarwalAbstract:This study was carried out to characterize the engine-exhaust particulate emissions from a typical multipoint Port Fuel Injection gasoline engine used in transPortation sector. Though gasoline engine showed no visible tail pipe emissions yet its particle concentrations were comparable to mineral diesel, particularly at high engine loads. Average sizes of particles emitted in gasoline exhaust are found to be way smaller than particles emitted in diesel exhaust under similar operating conditions. The peak particle concentrations for mineral diesel never go below 40 nm size however for gasoline engine, it was as low as 20 nm for most engine operating conditions. Within a very limited operating range, gasoline engine performance was superior to its diesel counterparts in terms of particulate size and number distribution however it deteriorates very quickly as soon as the Fuel–air mixture becomes closer to stoichiometric ratio, typically under high engine load and speed conditions.
Jianxi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dual Fuel spark ignition dfsi combustion Fuelled with different alcohols and gasoline for Fuel efficiency
Fuel, 2015Co-Authors: Hui Liu, Zhi Wang, Ya Long, Jianxi WangAbstract:This paper investigates an experimental study of Alcohols–gasoline Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) Combustion for knock suppression and high Fuel efficiency using a gasoline engine with high compression ratio. Alcohols–gasoline DFSI is organized using a Port-Fuel-Injection (PFI) of high oxygenated, high latent heat and high octane number Fuel to suppress knock and a direct Injection (DI) of high energy density and high volatility Fuel to extend high load. Systematical comparison about the effect of stoichiometric M–G (PFI-Methanol and DI-Gasoline), E–G (PFI-Ethanol and DI-Gasoline), E85W15–G (PFI-15% water and 85% ethanol and DI-Gasoline) and G–G (PFI-Gasoline and DI-Gasoline) DFSI on engine knock suppression was conducted. For each test, the percentage of PFI-Alcohol was varied from 0% to 100%. The effects of these combustion modes on knock-limit extension, Fuel economy, and combustion characteristics were investigated. Alcohols–gasoline DFSI is a potential approach of using alternative alcohol Fuels in practical gasoline engines with significant improvement in engine efficiency and knock suppression. M–G DFSI exhibits better anti-knock performance and achieves higher Fuel efficiency than other combustion modes.
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comparative study on alcohols gasoline and gasoline alcohols dual Fuel spark ignition dfsi combustion for high load extension and high Fuel efficiency
Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Zhi Wang, Hui Liu, Ya Long, Jianxi WangAbstract:This paper presents an experimental study of the alcohols–gasoline and gasoline–alcohols dual-Fuel spark ignition (DFSI) combustion for knock suppression and higher engine efficiency using a gasoline engine with high compression ratio. Alcohols–gasoline DFSI is organized using a Port Fuel Injection (PFI) of high oxygenated, high latent heat of vaporization, and high octane alcohol Fuel to suppress knock and a direct Injection (DI) of high energy density and high volatility Fuel to extend engine load, while gasoline–alcohols DFSI is organized by gasoline PFI and alcohol DI. Three different alcohols were studied, including methanol, ethanol, and hydro-ethanol. The engine was naturally aspirated and operated at stoichiometric condition. In each test, the percentage of alcohol Injection was varied from 0 to 100%. The effects of these two combustion modes on knock-limit extension, Fuel economy, and combustion characteristics were investigated. Both alcohols–gasoline DFSI and gasoline–alcohols DFSI are promising approaches of using alternative alcohol Fuels in practical gasoline engines with significant improvement in engine efficiency and knock suppression. Gasoline–alcohols DFSI exhibits better anti-knock performance and achieves higher Fuel efficiency than alcohols–gasoline DFSI.
Yitu Lai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact from the direct Injection and multi Port Fuel Injection technologies for gasoline vehicles on solid particle number and black carbon emissions
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Shaojun Zhang, Rencheng Zhu, Xiaofeng Bao, Yitu LaiAbstract:Abstract The gasoline direct Injection (GDI) engine has substantially penetrated light-duty gasoline vehicles to help reduce fleet-wide Fuel consumption across the world. However, increased particle emissions from GDI vehicles rather than the conventional multi-Port Fuel Injection (MPFI) vehicles are of great concern. To investigate the particle emissions for these two categories of gasoline engines, we employed a dynamometer and measured the emissions of solid particle number (PN) and black carbon (BC) for four GDI and four MPFI vehicles under various testing cycles and conditions. Under the reference cycle (30 °C and cold-start WLTC), a strong correlation between solid PN and BC emissions is identified for both GDI and MPFI vehicles, although GDI vehicles without particle filters have significantly higher emissions of solid PN and BC than those of MPFI vehicles. Furthermore, varying the testing conditions by including cold start, low temperature, aggressive driving and air conditioning use all increase the emissions of solid PN and BC. These affecting factors pose more significant changes to particle emissions from MPFI vehicles than GDI vehicles. For example, at −7 °C, the solid PN and BC emissions of MPFI vehicles are increased by 4.17 times and 16.5 times relative to the results under 30 °C, and they are comparable to or higher than the emissions of GDI vehicles. Our results indicate that modern gasoline vehicles available in China’s market are likely to fail to comply with the upcoming PN emission limit (China 6), suggesting a serious need to adopt gasoline particle filters (GPF) for both GDI and MPFI vehicles. Advanced after-treatment technologies and stringent regulations to control particle emissions from gasoline vehicles should fully consider varying real-world conditions to guarantee effective environmental benefits.
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tailpipe emissions from gasoline direct Injection gdi and Port Fuel Injection pfi vehicles at both low and high ambient temperatures
Environmental Pollution, 2016Co-Authors: Rencheng Zhu, Xiaofeng Bao, Yitu LaiAbstract:Abstract Vehicle emissions are greatly influenced by various factors that are related to engine technology and driving conditions. Only the Fuel Injection method and ambient temperature are investigated in this research. Regulated gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions from two advanced gasoline-Fueled vehicles, one with direct Fuel Injection (GDI) and the other with Port Fuel Injection (PFI), are tested with conventional gasoline and ethanol-blended gasoline (E10) at both −7 °C and 30 °C. The total particle number (PN) concentrations and size distributions are monitored with an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI + ). The solid PN concentrations are measured with a condensation particle counter (CPC) after removing volatile matters through the particle measurement program (PMP) system. The results indicate that decreasing the ambient temperature from 30 °C to −7 °C significantly increases the Fuel consumption and all measured emissions except for NO x . The GDI vehicle exhibits lower Fuel consumption than the PFI vehicle but emits more total hydrocarbons (THC), PM mass and solid PN emissions at 30 °C. The adaptability of GDI technology appears to be better than that of PFI technology at low ambient temperature. For example, the CO, THC and PM mass emission factors of the PFI vehicle are higher than those of the GDI vehicle and the solid PN emission factors are comparable in the cold-start tests at −7 °C. Specifically, during start-up the particulate matter emissions of the PFI are much higher than the GDI. In most cases, the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the accumulation mode particles is 58–86 nm for both vehicles, and the GMD of the nucleation mode particles is 10–20 nm. The results suggest that the gaseous and particulate emissions from the PFI vehicle should not be neglected compared to those from the GDI vehicle especially in a cold environment.
Chiafon Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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three dimensional numerical investigation on wall film formation and evaporation in Port Fuel Injection engines
Numerical Heat Transfer Part A-applications, 2016Co-Authors: Hong Liu, Yanan Yan, Ming Jia, Maozhao Xie, Chiafon LeeAbstract:ABSTRACTWall film formation and evaporation were studied on a flat wall inside a constant-volume vessel using a three-dimensional numerical method. The computation was based on the discrete phase model (DPM) of spray dispersion, a spray–wall interaction model coupled with an enhanced wall film evaporation sub-model, in which the operating conditions of cold wall are considered for Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines. The influence of impacting parameters including Injection pressure, the impingement distance from the injector and the impinged wall, Injection duration, impingement angle, and wall temperature was discussed.
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effects of Port Fuel Injection pfi of n butanol and egr on combustion and emissions of a direct Injection diesel engine
Energy Conversion and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Zheng Chen, Jingping Liu, Chiafon LeeAbstract:Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted on a direct Injection (DI) diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), coupled with Port Fuel Injection (PFI) of n-butanol. Effects of butanol concentration and EGR rate on combustion, efficiency, and emissions of the tested engine were evaluated, and also compared to a DI mode of diesel–butanol blended Fuel. The results show butanol concentration and EGR rate have a coupled impact on combustion process. Under low EGR rate condition, both the peak cylinder pressure and the peak heat release rate increase with increased butanol concentration, but no visible influence was found on the ignition delay. Under high EGR rate condition, however, the peak cylinder pressure and the peak heat release rate both decrease with increased butanol concentration, accompanied by longer ignition delay and longer combustion duration. As regard to the regulated emissions, HC and CO emissions increase with increased butanol concentration, causing higher indicated specific Fuel consumption (ISFC) and lower indicated thermal efficiency (ITE). It is also noted that butanol PFI in combination with EGR can change the trade-off relationship between NOx and soot, and simultaneously reduce both into a very low level. Compared with the DI mode of diesel–butanol blended Fuel, however, the DI diesel engine with butanol PFI has higher HC and CO emissions and lower ITE. Therefore, future research should be focused on overcoming the identified shortcomings by an improved Injection strategy of butanol PFI.
Xinchen Ling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental investigation on the emissions of a Port Fuel Injection spark ignition engine Fueled with methanol gasoline blends
Energy & Fuels, 2016Co-Authors: Dongwei Yao, Xinchen LingAbstract:The prospect of using methanol as an alternative Fuel for vehicles in China is enticing because of its good combustion properties, low production cost, and renewable capacity, but the in-cylinder combustion of methanol also brings extra emissions concerns, such as alcohols and aldehydes. For the impact of methanol–gasoline blends on the pollutant emissions of spark ignition (SI) engines to be investigated, a GEELY MR479Q Port Fuel Injection SI engine was selected for tests of burning different methanol–gasoline blends at wide-open throttle operating conditions, and an AVL Fourier-transform infrared multicomponent gas analyzer was used to measure all of the emissions. Test results show that the methanol-containing Fuel blends had positive effects on the engine-out regulated emissions. Nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions were all dramatically reduced when the test engine was Fueled with methanol–gasoline blends. Other hydrocarbon emissions such as ethylene, propylene, and s...