The Experts below are selected from a list of 37713 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
George A. Bonanno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Temporal Elements of Psychological Resilience to Potential Trauma
The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health, 2019Co-Authors: Kan Long, George A. BonannoAbstract:Potential Trauma is common across the life span. Responses to these highly aversive events vary significantly, yet many individuals will demonstrate psychological resilience and a clear pattern of psychological health and adaptive functioning in the wake of extreme adversity. Amid expanding conceptual diversity and a proliferation of research, we present a novel, unified framework for resilience that consists of four constituent, temporally related elements: baseline or preadversity functioning, the actual aversive circumstances, postadversity resilient outcomes, and predictors of resilient outcomes. The temporal framework integrates and extends several existing lines of research by conceptualizing resilience as a process that unfolds over time with each temporal element playing an essential role.
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An Integrative Temporal Framework for Psychological Resilience
The Biology of Early Life Stress, 2018Co-Authors: Kan Long, George A. BonannoAbstract:Human beings are resilient and defined by a capacity for psychological and functional adaptation in the face of Potential Trauma and adversity. We present an integrative temporal framework that conceptualizes resilience as a dynamic process that unfolds over time and consists of the following four key elements: (a) baseline or pre-adversity functioning, (b) the actual aversive circumstances, (c) post-adversity resilient outcomes, and (d) predictors of resilient outcomes. In this way, the integrative framework offers a comprehensive synthesis of the growing body of research on resilience.
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Trajectories of resilience and dysfunction following Potential Trauma: A review and statistical evaluation.
Clinical psychology review, 2018Co-Authors: Isaac R. Galatzer-levy, Sandy H. Huang, George A. BonannoAbstract:Abstract Given the rapid proliferation of trajectory-based approaches to study clinical consequences to stress and Potentially Traumatic events (PTEs), there is a need to evaluate emerging findings. This review examined convergence/divergences across 54 studies in the nature and prevalence of response trajectories, and determined Potential sources of bias to improve future research. Of the 67 cases that emerged from the 54 studies, the most consistently observed trajectories following PTEs were resilience (observed in: n = 63 cases), recovery (n = 49), chronic (n = 47), and delayed onset (n = 22). The resilience trajectory was the modal response across studies (average of 65.7% across populations, 95% CI [0.616, 0.698]), followed in prevalence by recovery (20.8% [0.162, 0.258]), chronicity (10.6%, [0.086, 0.127]), and delayed onset (8.9% [0.053, 0.133]). Sources of heterogeneity in estimates primarily resulted from substantive population differences rather than bias, which was observed when prospective data is lacking. Overall, prototypical trajectories have been identified across independent studies in relatively consistent proportions, with resilience being the modal response to adversity. Thus, trajectory models robustly identify clinically relevant patterns of response to Potential Trauma, and are important for studying determinants, consequences, and modifiers of course following Potential Trauma.
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Beyond Resilience and PTSD: Mapping the Heterogeneity of Responses to Potential Trauma
Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy, 2012Co-Authors: George A. Bonanno, Anthony D. ManciniAbstract:The formal acceptance of postTraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a legitimate diagnostic category in the1980 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders stimulated a torrent of research onpsychological Trauma. Not surprisingly, PTSD and its treatment had dominated that research. Anothercommon approach has been to measure the average impact of different Potentially Traumatic events, aswell as the factors that inform that impact. In this article, we consider the limitations of these perspectivesand argue for a broader theoretical approach that takes into account the natural heterogeneity of Traumareactions over time. To that end, we review recent attempts to identify prototypical patterns or trajectoriesof Trauma reaction that include chronic dysfunction, but also delayed reactions, recovery, and psycho-logical resilience. We consider the advantages but also the limitations and ongoing controversiesassociated with this approach. Finally, we introduce promising new research that uses relative sophis-ticated advances in latent growth mixture modeling as a means of empirically mapping the heterogeneityof Trauma responses and consider some of the implications of this approach for existing Trauma theories.Keywords: resilience, PTSD, Trauma trajections, grief
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Resilience to Loss and Potential Trauma
Annual review of clinical psychology, 2011Co-Authors: George A. Bonanno, Maren Westphal, Anthony D. ManciniAbstract:Initial research on loss and Potentially Traumatic events (PTEs) has been dominated by either a psychopathological approach emphasizing individual dysfunction or an event approach emphasizing average differences between exposed and nonexposed groups. We consider the limitations of these approaches and review more recent research that has focused on the heterogeneity of outcomes following aversive events. Using both traditional analytic tools and sophisticated latent trajectory modeling, this research has identified a set of prototypical outcome patterns. Typically, the most common outcome following PTEs is a stable trajectory of healthy functioning or resilience. We review research showing that resilience is not the result of a few dominant factors, but rather that there are multiple independent predictors of resilient outcomes. Finally, we critically evaluate the question of whether resilience-building interventions can actually make people more resilient, and we close with suggestions for future researc...
Regina Kulier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Cochrane Library - Expedited versus conservative approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015Co-Authors: G Justus Hofmeyr, Regina Kulier, Helen M WestAbstract:BACKGROUND In a vaginal breech birth there may be benefit from rapid delivery of the baby to prevent progressive acidosis. However, this needs to be weighed against the Potential Trauma of a quick delivery. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of expedited vaginal delivery (breech delivery from umbilicus to delivery of the head within one contraction) on perinatal outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 May 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of expedited vaginal breech delivery compared with delivery not routinely expedited in women undergoing vaginal breech delivery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the one identified trial for inclusion.If studies are included in future updates, two review authors will assess risk of bias, extract data and check data for accuracy. MAIN RESULTS No studies were included. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is not enough evidence to evaluate the effects of expedited vaginal breech delivery.
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Expedited versus conservative approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012Co-Authors: G Justus Hofmeyr, Regina KulierAbstract:In a vaginal breech birth there may be benefit from rapid delivery of the baby to prevent progressive acidosis. However, this needs to be weighed against the Potential Trauma of a quick delivery. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of expedited vaginal delivery (breech delivery from umbilicus to delivery of the head within one contraction) on perinatal outcomes. We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (2 February 2012). Randomised trials of expedited vaginal breech delivery compared with delivery not routinely expedited in women undergoing vaginal breech delivery. Eligibility and trial quality were assessed by one reviewer. No studies were included. There is not enough evidence to evaluate the effects of expedited vaginal breech delivery.
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Expedited versus conservative approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000Co-Authors: G Justus Hofmeyr, Regina KulierAbstract:In a vaginal breech birth there may be benefit from rapid delivery of the baby to prevent progressive acidosis. However, this needs to be weighed against the Potential Trauma of a quick delivery. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of expedited vaginal delivery (breech delivery from umbilicus to delivery of the head within one contraction) on perinatal outcomes. The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched. Date of last search: February 1999. Randomised trials of expedited vaginal breech delivery compared with delivery not routinely expedited in women undergoing vaginal breech delivery. Eligibility and trial quality were assessed by one reviewer. No studies were included. There is not enough evidence to evaluate the effects of expedited vaginal breech delivery.
Anthony D. Mancini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Beyond Resilience and PTSD: Mapping the Heterogeneity of Responses to Potential Trauma
Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy, 2012Co-Authors: George A. Bonanno, Anthony D. ManciniAbstract:The formal acceptance of postTraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a legitimate diagnostic category in the1980 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders stimulated a torrent of research onpsychological Trauma. Not surprisingly, PTSD and its treatment had dominated that research. Anothercommon approach has been to measure the average impact of different Potentially Traumatic events, aswell as the factors that inform that impact. In this article, we consider the limitations of these perspectivesand argue for a broader theoretical approach that takes into account the natural heterogeneity of Traumareactions over time. To that end, we review recent attempts to identify prototypical patterns or trajectoriesof Trauma reaction that include chronic dysfunction, but also delayed reactions, recovery, and psycho-logical resilience. We consider the advantages but also the limitations and ongoing controversiesassociated with this approach. Finally, we introduce promising new research that uses relative sophis-ticated advances in latent growth mixture modeling as a means of empirically mapping the heterogeneityof Trauma responses and consider some of the implications of this approach for existing Trauma theories.Keywords: resilience, PTSD, Trauma trajections, grief
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Resilience to Loss and Potential Trauma
Annual review of clinical psychology, 2011Co-Authors: George A. Bonanno, Maren Westphal, Anthony D. ManciniAbstract:Initial research on loss and Potentially Traumatic events (PTEs) has been dominated by either a psychopathological approach emphasizing individual dysfunction or an event approach emphasizing average differences between exposed and nonexposed groups. We consider the limitations of these approaches and review more recent research that has focused on the heterogeneity of outcomes following aversive events. Using both traditional analytic tools and sophisticated latent trajectory modeling, this research has identified a set of prototypical outcome patterns. Typically, the most common outcome following PTEs is a stable trajectory of healthy functioning or resilience. We review research showing that resilience is not the result of a few dominant factors, but rather that there are multiple independent predictors of resilient outcomes. Finally, we critically evaluate the question of whether resilience-building interventions can actually make people more resilient, and we close with suggestions for future researc...
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The Human Capacity to Thrive in the Face of Potential Trauma
Pediatrics, 2008Co-Authors: George A. Bonanno, Anthony D. ManciniAbstract:For decades, researchers have documented remarkable levels of resilience in children who were exposed to corrosive early environments, such as those in which poverty or chronic maltreatment were present; however, relatively little research has examined resilience in children or adults who were exposed to isolated and Potentially Traumatic events. The historical emphasis on psychological and physiologic dysfunction after Potentially Traumatic events has suggested that such events almost always produce lasting emotional damage. Recent research, however, has consistently shown that across different types of Potentially Traumatic events, including bereavement, serious illness, and terrorist attack, upward of 50% of people have been found to display resilience. Research has further identified substantial individual variation in response to Potentially Traumatic events, including 4 prototypical and empirically derived outcome trajectories: chronic dysfunction, recovery, resilience, and delayed reactions. Factors that promote resilience are heterogeneous and include a variety of person-centered variables (eg, temperament of the child, personality, coping strategies), demographic variables (eg, male gender, older age, greater education), and sociocontextual factors (eg, supportive relations, community resources). It is surprising that some factors that promote resilience to Potentially Traumatic events may be maladaptive in other contexts, whereas other factors are more broadly adaptive. Given the growing evidence that resilience is common, psychotherapeutic treatment should be reserved for those in genuine need.
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Resilience in the face of Potential Trauma: clinical practices and illustrations.
Journal of clinical psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Anthony D. Mancini, George A. BonannoAbstract:Many persons exposed to loss or Potentially Traumatic events manage the stresses of these experiences with minimal to no impact on their daily functioning. The prevalence of this resilient capacity has surprised researchers and clinicians alike and refocused clinical practice. We review three key points about resilience: resilience is different from the process of recovery; resilience in the face of loss or Potential Trauma is common; and there are multiple and sometimes unexpected pathways to resilience. We then present six clinical practices informed by the study of resilience, illustrating key points with clinical vignettes.
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Resilience and Mental Health: Toward a lifespan approach to resilience and Potential Trauma
Resilience and Mental Health, 1Co-Authors: George A. Bonanno, Anthony D. ManciniAbstract:Introduction As much as we might wish it otherwise, bad things happen: war, natural disaster, the death of close friends and relatives, serious accidents, senseless abuse or violence at the hand of others, and so on. Any of these things can and all too often do happen, and at every stage of life. Epidemiological data indicate that most adults experience at least one and usually several Potentially Traumatic events (PTE) during the course of their lives (Norris, 1992; Kessler et al., 1995; Breslau et al., 2000), and that most children are also exposed to such experiences (Copeland et al., 2007). It is important to note, however, that life event research typically relies on retrospective accounts, which more than likely underestimate the frequency of PTEs. Indeed, a recent study that measured life events among college students over a four-year period using a weekly internet survey reported an average of six PTEs per student (Lalande & Bonanno, 2011). Perhaps because acutely aversive events are so dreaded, both clinicians and the lay public tend to assume that they will almost always result in lasting emotional damage. The available evidence, however, suggests a more complex and far more encouraging picture. To emphasize the pronounced individual differences in the way people react to adversity, we emphasize that such events are only “Potentially Traumatic” (Norris, 1992; Bonanno, 2004), for the simple reason that not everyone experiences them as Traumatic. Most people in fact cope with PTEs remarkably well (Bonanno, 2004, 2005; Bonanno & Mancini, 2008). Although some do, in fact, endure lasting emotional difficulties, the vast majority of people exposed to extreme adversity recover a semblance of their normal level of functioning within several months to several years after the event, and many if not most show little evidence of more than transient disruptions in functioning.
G Justus Hofmeyr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Cochrane Library - Expedited versus conservative approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015Co-Authors: G Justus Hofmeyr, Regina Kulier, Helen M WestAbstract:BACKGROUND In a vaginal breech birth there may be benefit from rapid delivery of the baby to prevent progressive acidosis. However, this needs to be weighed against the Potential Trauma of a quick delivery. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of expedited vaginal delivery (breech delivery from umbilicus to delivery of the head within one contraction) on perinatal outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 May 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of expedited vaginal breech delivery compared with delivery not routinely expedited in women undergoing vaginal breech delivery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the one identified trial for inclusion.If studies are included in future updates, two review authors will assess risk of bias, extract data and check data for accuracy. MAIN RESULTS No studies were included. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is not enough evidence to evaluate the effects of expedited vaginal breech delivery.
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Expedited versus conservative approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012Co-Authors: G Justus Hofmeyr, Regina KulierAbstract:In a vaginal breech birth there may be benefit from rapid delivery of the baby to prevent progressive acidosis. However, this needs to be weighed against the Potential Trauma of a quick delivery. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of expedited vaginal delivery (breech delivery from umbilicus to delivery of the head within one contraction) on perinatal outcomes. We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (2 February 2012). Randomised trials of expedited vaginal breech delivery compared with delivery not routinely expedited in women undergoing vaginal breech delivery. Eligibility and trial quality were assessed by one reviewer. No studies were included. There is not enough evidence to evaluate the effects of expedited vaginal breech delivery.
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Expedited versus conservative approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000Co-Authors: G Justus Hofmeyr, Regina KulierAbstract:In a vaginal breech birth there may be benefit from rapid delivery of the baby to prevent progressive acidosis. However, this needs to be weighed against the Potential Trauma of a quick delivery. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of expedited vaginal delivery (breech delivery from umbilicus to delivery of the head within one contraction) on perinatal outcomes. The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched. Date of last search: February 1999. Randomised trials of expedited vaginal breech delivery compared with delivery not routinely expedited in women undergoing vaginal breech delivery. Eligibility and trial quality were assessed by one reviewer. No studies were included. There is not enough evidence to evaluate the effects of expedited vaginal breech delivery.
Leonie Traub - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential Trauma events and the psychological consequences for Yazidi women after ISIS captivity
BMC psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Jan Ilhan Kizilhan, Nadine Friedl, Johanna Neumann, Leonie TraubAbstract:Traumatic war experiences, like the ones the Yazidi had to undergo due to the attack of the so-called Islamic State (ISIS) in August 2014, are often followed by psychological consequences such as postTraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. A more detailed analysis of such specific survivor groups is needed, to develop and implement appropriate reparation and support measures. In this study, 194 Yazidi women were examined. PTSD was assessed using the Essen Trauma Inventory (ETI) and depression using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The Potential Traumatic event (PTE) and further influential factors were compared between participants with PTSD and those with PTSD and depression, using inferential statistics. Panticipants showed high rates in prevalence and comorbidity for PTSD and depression. Those diagnosed with comorbid PTSD and depression experienced a higher number of PTEs and had been captured more often and for longer compared to those with PTSD. The number of PTEs experienced was then used to predict comorbid PTSD and depression. Further research should consider the specific situation and the cultural expression of the Yazidi.
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Potential Trauma Events and the psychological consequences of Yazidi Women after ISIS Captivity
2019Co-Authors: Jan Ilhan Kizilhan, Nadine Friedl, Johanna Neumann, Leonie TraubAbstract:Abstract Background Traumatic war experiences, like the ones the Yazidi had to undergo due to the attack of the so-called Islamic State (ISIS) in August 2014, are often followed by psychological consequences such as postTraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. A more detailed analysis of such specific survivor groups is needed, to develop and implement appropriate reparation and support measures.MethodsIn this study, 194 Yazidi women were examined. PTSD was assessed using the Essen Trauma Inventory (ETI) and depression using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The Potential Traumatic event (PTE) and further influential factors were compared between participants with PTSD and those with PTSD and depression, using inferential statistics.Results Participants showed high rates in prevalence and comorbidity for PTSD and depression. Those diagnosed with comorbid PTSD and depression experienced a higher number of PTEs and had been captured more often and for longer compared to those with PTSD. The number of PTEs experienced was then used to predict comorbid PTSD and depression.Conclusion Further research should consider the specific situation and the cultural expression of the Yazidi.