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P A Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • variations in bacterial community structure and antimicrobial resistance gene abundance in cattle manure and Poultry Litter
    Environmental Research, 2021
    Co-Authors: Biyensa Gurmessa, P A Moore, Amanda J Ashworth, Yichao Yang, Mary C Savin, Steven C Ricke, G Corti, Ester Foppa Pedretti, Stefania Cocco
    Abstract:

    Cattle manure and Poultry Litter are widely used as fertilizers as they are excellent sources of nutrients; however, potential adverse environmental effects exist during land applications, due to the release of zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. This study was conducted to understand linkages between physiochemical composition, bacterial diversity, and AMR gene presence of cattle manure and Poultry Litter using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to enumerate four AMR genes (ermB, sulI, intlI, and blactx-m-32), Illumina sequencing of the 16 S region, and analysis of physical and chemical properties. Principal coordinate analysis of Bray-Curtis distance revealed distinct bacterial community structures between the two manure sources. Greater alpha diversity occurred in cattle manure compared to Poultry Litter (P < 0.05). Redundancy analysis showed a strong relationship between manure physiochemical and composition and bacterial abundance, with positive relationships occurring among electrical conductivity and carbon/nitrogen, and negative associations for total solids and soluble fractions of heavy metals. Cattle manure exhibited greater abundance of macrolide (ermB) and sulfonamide (sulI) resistant genes. Consequently, fresh cattle manure applications may result in greater potential spread of AMR genes to the soil-water environment (relative to Poultry Litter) and novel best management strategies (such as composting) may reduce the release of AMR genes to the soil-water environment.

  • soil bacterial biodiversity is driven by long term pasture management Poultry Litter and cattle manure inputs
    PeerJ, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yichao Yang, P A Moore, Amanda J Ashworth, Jennifer M Debruyn, Cammy Willett, Lisa M Durso, Kim Cook, Phillip R Owens
    Abstract:

    Soil microorganisms are important for maintaining soil health, decomposing organic matter, and recycling nutrients in pasture systems. However, the impact of long-term conservation pasture management on soil microbial communities remains unclear. Therefore, soil microbiome responses to conservation pasture management is an important component of soil health, especially in the largest agricultural land-use in the US. The aim of this study was to identify soil microbiome community differences following 13-years of pasture management (hayed (no cattle), continuously grazed, rotationally grazed with a fenced, un-grazed and unfertilized buffer strip, and a control (no Poultry Litter or cattle manure inputs)). Since 2004, all pastures (excluding the control) received annual Poultry Litter at a rate of 5.6 Mg ha-1. Soil samples were collected at a 0-15 cm depth from 2016-2017 either pre or post Poultry Litter applications, and bacterial communities were characterized using Illumina 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Overall, pasture management influenced soil microbial community structure, and effects were different by year (P < 0.05). Soils receiving no Poultry Litter or cattle manure had the lowest richness (Chao). Continuously grazed systems had greater (P < 0.05) soil community richness, which corresponded with greater soil pH and nutrients. Consequently, continuously grazed systems may increase soil diversity, owing to continuous nutrient-rich manure deposition; however, this management strategy may adversely affect aboveground plant communities and water quality. These results suggest conservation pasture management (e.g., rotationally grazed systems) may not improve microbial diversity, albeit, buffer strips were reduced nutrients and bacterial movement as evident by low diversity and fertility in these areas compared to areas with manure or Poultry Litter inputs. Overall, animal inputs (Litter or manure) increased soil microbiome diversity and may be a mechanism for improved soil health.

  • grazing management and buffer strip impact on nitrogen runoff from pastures fertilized with Poultry Litter
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2019
    Co-Authors: Cristiane Pilon, P A Moore, D H Pote, Jerry W Martin, Phillip R Owens, Amanda J Ashworth, David M Miller, P B Delaune
    Abstract:

    Nitrogen runoff from pastures fertilized with animal manure, such as Poultry Litter, can result in accelerated eutrophication. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of grazing management and buffer strips on N runoff from pastures fertilized with Poultry Litter. A 12-yr study was conducted on 15 small watersheds in Booneville, AR, using five management practices: continuous grazing, haying, rotational grazing, rotational grazing with an unfertilized buffer strip, and rotational grazing with a fenced unfertilized riparian buffer. Poultry Litter was applied annually at a rate of 5.6 Mg ha. Concentrations and loads of total N, NO-N, NH-N, organic N, and total organic C in runoff varied intra- and interannually and coincided with precipitation trends. Overall, the greatest component of total N in runoff was organic N. Rotational grazing resulted in the highest concentrations and loads of all forms of N in runoff compared with other treatments, including the continuously grazed paddocks, which were grazed almost twice as much. Total organic C concentrations and loads in runoff were also higher from rotationally grazed watersheds than other treatments. Rotational grazing is considered a best management practice that typically reduces soil erosion; hence, the mechanism by which it caused higher N and C runoff is unclear. Nitrogen runoff losses from rotationally grazed pastures were reduced by 44% with unfertilized buffer strips, by 54% with fenced unfertilized riparian buffers, and by 52% by converting pastures to hayfields.

  • long term effects of Poultry Litter alum treated Litter and ammonium nitrate on phosphorus availability in soils
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005
    Co-Authors: P A Moore, D R Edwards
    Abstract:

    Alum (Al2(SO4)314H2O) additions to Poultry Litter result in lower ammonia (NH3) volatilization and phosphorus (P) runoff; however, the long-term effects of alum on soil P behavior have been unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term effects of Poultry Litter, alum-treated Litter, and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3 )o n P availability in soils and P runoff. Two studies were initiated in 1995: a smallplot(1.533.0m)studyandapairedwatershed(0.405ha)study.In the small plot study 13 treatments (control, four rates of normal Litter, fourratesofalum-treatedLitter,andfourratesofNH4NO3)wereapplied to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots. Results show that after 7 yr water-extractable P (WEP) in surface soil samples was greater withnormalLitter, butMehlichIIIPwasgreaterinsurfacesoils fertilized withalum-treatedLitter.Whensoilsamplesweretakenatdepthintervals to 50 cm in Year 7, Mehlich III P was only greater in the surface 5 cm for soils fertilizedwithalum-treatedLitter. AtlowerdepthsMehlichIII P was greater with normal Litter, and WEP was up to 288% greater when normal Litter was used, indicating that alum significantly reduced P leaching. Uptake of P by fescue was not affected by alum. Results from

  • effect of chemical and microbial amendments on ammonia volatilization from composting Poultry Litter
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2004
    Co-Authors: Paul B. Delaune, P A Moore, T C Daniel, J L Lemunyon
    Abstract:

    Research has shown that aluminum sulfate (alum) and phosphoric acid greatly reduce ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization from Poultry Litter; however, no studies have yet reported the effects of these amendments on field-scale composting of Poultry Litter. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate NH 3 volatilization from composting Litter by measuring both NH 3 volatilization and changes in total nitrogen (N) in the Litter and (ii) evaluate potential methods of reducing NH 3 losses from composting Poultry Litter. Poultry Litter was composted for 68 d the first year and 92 d the second year. Eleven treatments were screened in Year 1, which included an unamended control, a microbial mixture, a microbial mixture with 5% alum incorporated into the Litter, 5 and 10% alum rates either surface-applied or incorporated, and 1 and 2% phosphoric acid rates either surface-applied or incorporated. Treatments in Year 2 included an unamended control, a microbial mixture, alum (7% by fresh wt.), and phosphoric acid (1.5% by fresh wt.). Alum and phosphoric acid reduced NH 3 volatilization from composting Poultry Litter by as much as 76 and 54%, respectively. The highest NH 3 emission rates were from microbial treatments each year. Compost treated with chemical amendments retained more initial N than all other treatments. Due to the cost and N loss associated with composting Poultry Litter, composting is not economical from an agronomic perspective compared with the use of fresh Poultry Litter.

James J. Leahy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • experimental investigation of Poultry Litter gasification and co gasification with beech wood in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor effect of equivalence ratio on process performance and tar evolution
    Fuel, 2020
    Co-Authors: Giannis Katsaros, Guadalupe Aranda Almansa, James J. Leahy, Alen Horvat, Daya Shankar Pandey, Lydia Fryda, Savvas A. Tassou
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effect of equivalence ratio on gasification of Poultry Litter, blend of Poultry Litter with beech wood and beech wood alone, was experimentally studied in a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor. Lower calorific value decreased with equivalence ratio whereas carbon conversion efficiency revealed the opposite trend. Beech wood showed both the highest lower calorific value and carbon conversion efficiency, 4.96 MJ/m3 and 91.6% respectively. Total gas chromatography-detectable tar decreased with an increase in equivalence ratio. The reduction in total gas chromatography-detectable tar was more profound in the case of Poultry Litter (22%). Beech wood illustrated the highest amount of total gas chromatography-detectable tar, 7.52gtar/kgfeedstock-daf at the lowest equivalence ratio, due to the higher lignin content responsible for generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Agglomeration occurred while gasifying Poultry Litter at 750 °C and at the highest equivalence ratio (0.25), whereas in the case of blend and beech wood alone all the test runs were conducted successfully.

  • Tar yield and composition from Poultry Litter gasification in a fluidised bed reactor: Effects of equivalence ratio, temperature and limestone addition
    RSC Advances, 2019
    Co-Authors: Alen Horvat, L.p.l.m. Rabou, Daya Shankar Pandey, Marzena Kwapinska, Barbara B. Mello, Alberto Gómez-barea, Lydia Fryda, Witold Kwapinski, James J. Leahy
    Abstract:

    Air gasification of Poultry Litter was experimentally investigated in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidised bed gasifier. Gasification tests were conducted at atmospheric pressure using silica sand as the bed material. This paper examines the effect of the equivalence ratio (ER) in the range of 0.18–0.41, temperature between 700 and 800 °C, and the addition of limestone blended with the Poultry Litter on the yield and composition of tar. An off-line solid phase adsorption method was employed in order to quantify tar compounds heavier than styrene, whereas lighter species such as benzene and toluene were measured by means of on-line micro gas chromatography. Total tar yields were in the range from 15.7 to 30.7 gtotal tar kgPoultry Litter (dry and ash free basis)−1. These values are considered low with respect to the feedstocks with a higher organic fraction. It also needs to be noted that the yields of benzene and toluene were measured by on-line micro gas chromatography, a technique which inherently delivers higher tar values compared to commonly employed off-line techniques. By varying the ER, Poultry Litter blended with limestone showed a reduction in total tar yield whereas Poultry Litter on its own showed an increasing tar yield over the ER range tested. In the presence of limestone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds, toluene and benzene showed a tendency to reduce over the ER range tested. Since the ER also plays a crucial role in tar reduction, the reduction in tar cannot be unambiguously attributed to calcined limestone/lime (CaCO3/CaO). Increasing the temperature was shown to be effective for reducing the total tar yield but the amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. However, no definitive correlation could be established between limestone/lime catalytic activity for tar reduction and elevated gasification temperature, because there was no possibility to study their effects separately. The chemical composition of the tar arising from Poultry Litter is distinctive compared with conventional lignocellulosic fuels linked to the fact that Poultry Litter has a higher nitrogen content (≈6.5% w/w (dry and ash free basis)). Nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons such as pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 2-methyl-1H-pyrrole and benzonitrile were identified in significant amounts. This study has demonstrated that Poultry Litter gasified in a bubbling fluidised bed yielded a product gas with relatively low tar content while its composition reflects the chemical nature of the feedstock.

  • Poultry Litter gasification in a fluidized bed reactor effects of gasifying agent and limestone addition
    Energy & Fuels, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daya Shankar Pandey, James J. Leahy, L.p.l.m. Rabou, Alen Horvat, Marzena Kwapinska, Lydia Fryda, Alberto Gomezbarea, Witold Kwapinski
    Abstract:

    Air and air-steam gasification of Poultry Litter was experimentally studied in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier at atmospheric pressure using silica sand as the bed material. The effects of equivalence ratio (ER), gasifier temperature, steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR), and addition of limestone blended with the Poultry Litter, on product gas species yields and process efficiency, are discussed. The optimum conditions (maximum carbon conversion, gas yield, heating value, and cold gas efficiency) were achieved at an ER 0.25 and 800 °C, using air (SBR = 0) and Poultry Litter blended with 8% w/w limestone, yielding a product gas with a lower heating value (LHV) of 4.52 MJ/Nm3 and an average product gas composition (dry basis) of H2: 10.78%, CO: 9.38%, CH4: 2.61, and CO2: 13.13. Under these optimum processing conditions, the cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, and hydrogen conversion efficiency were 89, 73, and 43% respectively. The reported NH3 measurement at an ER of 0.28 and 750...

  • combustion of Poultry Litter in a fluidised bed combustor
    Fuel, 2003
    Co-Authors: P Abelha, Brian P. Kelleher, James J. Leahy, Ibrahim Gulyurtlu, D Boavida, Seabra J Barros, I Cabrita, Martin J. Leahy
    Abstract:

    Abstract Combustion studies of Poultry Litter alone or mixed with peat by 50% on weight basis were undertaken in an atmospheric bubbling fluidised bed. Because of high moisture content of Poultry Litter, there was some uncertainty whether the combustion could be sustained on 100% Poultry Litter and as peat is very available in Ireland; its presence was considered to help to improve the combustion. However, the results showed that, as long as the moisture content of Poultry Litter was kept below 25%, the combustion did not need the addition of peat. The main parameters that were investigated are (i) moisture content, (ii) air staging, and (iii) variations in excess air levels along the freeboard. The main conclusions of the results are (i) combustion was influenced very much by the conditions of the fuel supply, (ii) the steady fuel supply was strongly dependent on the moisture content of the Poultry Litter, (iii) temperature appeared to be still very influential in reducing the levels of unburned carbon and hydrocarbons released from residues, (iv) the air staging in the freeboard improved combustion efficiency by enhancing the combustion of volatiles released from residues in the riser and (vi) NOx emissions were influenced by air staging in the freeboard. Particles collected from the bed and the two cyclones were analysed to determine the levels of heavy metals and the leachability tests were carried out with ashes collected to verify whether or not they could safely be used in agricultural lands.

  • Advances in Poultry Litter disposal technology--a review.
    Bioresource technology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Brian P. Kelleher, James J. Leahy, Anne Marie Henihan, T. F. O’dwyer, David Sutton, Martin J. Leahy
    Abstract:

    The land disposal of waste from the Poultry industry and subsequent environmental implications has stimulated interest into cleaner and more useful disposal options. The review presented here details advances in the three main alternative disposal routes for Poultry Litter, specifically in the last decade. Results of experimental investigations into the optimisation of composting, anaerobic digestion and direct combustion are summarised. These technologies open up increased opportunities to market the energy and nutrients in Poultry Litter to agricultural and non-agricultural uses. Common problems experienced by the current technologies are the existence and fate of nitrogen as ammonia, pH and temperature levels, moisture content and the economics of alternative disposal methods. Further advancement of these technologies is currently receiving increased interest, both academically and commercially. However, significant financial incentives are required to attract the agricultural industry.

Daya Shankar Pandey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • experimental investigation of Poultry Litter gasification and co gasification with beech wood in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor effect of equivalence ratio on process performance and tar evolution
    Fuel, 2020
    Co-Authors: Giannis Katsaros, Guadalupe Aranda Almansa, James J. Leahy, Alen Horvat, Daya Shankar Pandey, Lydia Fryda, Savvas A. Tassou
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effect of equivalence ratio on gasification of Poultry Litter, blend of Poultry Litter with beech wood and beech wood alone, was experimentally studied in a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor. Lower calorific value decreased with equivalence ratio whereas carbon conversion efficiency revealed the opposite trend. Beech wood showed both the highest lower calorific value and carbon conversion efficiency, 4.96 MJ/m3 and 91.6% respectively. Total gas chromatography-detectable tar decreased with an increase in equivalence ratio. The reduction in total gas chromatography-detectable tar was more profound in the case of Poultry Litter (22%). Beech wood illustrated the highest amount of total gas chromatography-detectable tar, 7.52gtar/kgfeedstock-daf at the lowest equivalence ratio, due to the higher lignin content responsible for generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Agglomeration occurred while gasifying Poultry Litter at 750 °C and at the highest equivalence ratio (0.25), whereas in the case of blend and beech wood alone all the test runs were conducted successfully.

  • Tar yield and composition from Poultry Litter gasification in a fluidised bed reactor: Effects of equivalence ratio, temperature and limestone addition
    RSC Advances, 2019
    Co-Authors: Alen Horvat, L.p.l.m. Rabou, Daya Shankar Pandey, Marzena Kwapinska, Barbara B. Mello, Alberto Gómez-barea, Lydia Fryda, Witold Kwapinski, James J. Leahy
    Abstract:

    Air gasification of Poultry Litter was experimentally investigated in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidised bed gasifier. Gasification tests were conducted at atmospheric pressure using silica sand as the bed material. This paper examines the effect of the equivalence ratio (ER) in the range of 0.18–0.41, temperature between 700 and 800 °C, and the addition of limestone blended with the Poultry Litter on the yield and composition of tar. An off-line solid phase adsorption method was employed in order to quantify tar compounds heavier than styrene, whereas lighter species such as benzene and toluene were measured by means of on-line micro gas chromatography. Total tar yields were in the range from 15.7 to 30.7 gtotal tar kgPoultry Litter (dry and ash free basis)−1. These values are considered low with respect to the feedstocks with a higher organic fraction. It also needs to be noted that the yields of benzene and toluene were measured by on-line micro gas chromatography, a technique which inherently delivers higher tar values compared to commonly employed off-line techniques. By varying the ER, Poultry Litter blended with limestone showed a reduction in total tar yield whereas Poultry Litter on its own showed an increasing tar yield over the ER range tested. In the presence of limestone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds, toluene and benzene showed a tendency to reduce over the ER range tested. Since the ER also plays a crucial role in tar reduction, the reduction in tar cannot be unambiguously attributed to calcined limestone/lime (CaCO3/CaO). Increasing the temperature was shown to be effective for reducing the total tar yield but the amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. However, no definitive correlation could be established between limestone/lime catalytic activity for tar reduction and elevated gasification temperature, because there was no possibility to study their effects separately. The chemical composition of the tar arising from Poultry Litter is distinctive compared with conventional lignocellulosic fuels linked to the fact that Poultry Litter has a higher nitrogen content (≈6.5% w/w (dry and ash free basis)). Nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons such as pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 2-methyl-1H-pyrrole and benzonitrile were identified in significant amounts. This study has demonstrated that Poultry Litter gasified in a bubbling fluidised bed yielded a product gas with relatively low tar content while its composition reflects the chemical nature of the feedstock.

  • Poultry Litter gasification in a fluidized bed reactor effects of gasifying agent and limestone addition
    Energy & Fuels, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daya Shankar Pandey, James J. Leahy, L.p.l.m. Rabou, Alen Horvat, Marzena Kwapinska, Lydia Fryda, Alberto Gomezbarea, Witold Kwapinski
    Abstract:

    Air and air-steam gasification of Poultry Litter was experimentally studied in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier at atmospheric pressure using silica sand as the bed material. The effects of equivalence ratio (ER), gasifier temperature, steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR), and addition of limestone blended with the Poultry Litter, on product gas species yields and process efficiency, are discussed. The optimum conditions (maximum carbon conversion, gas yield, heating value, and cold gas efficiency) were achieved at an ER 0.25 and 800 °C, using air (SBR = 0) and Poultry Litter blended with 8% w/w limestone, yielding a product gas with a lower heating value (LHV) of 4.52 MJ/Nm3 and an average product gas composition (dry basis) of H2: 10.78%, CO: 9.38%, CH4: 2.61, and CO2: 13.13. Under these optimum processing conditions, the cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, and hydrogen conversion efficiency were 89, 73, and 43% respectively. The reported NH3 measurement at an ER of 0.28 and 750...

Leahy, James J. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transformation of inorganic matter in Poultry Litter during fluidised bed gasification
    'Elsevier BV', 2021
    Co-Authors: Pandey, Daya Shankar, Leahy, James J., Yazhenskikh Elena, Müller Michael, Ziegner Mirko, Trubetskaya Anna, Kwapinska Marzena
    Abstract:

    peer-reviewedThis work investigates the transformation, release and fate of inorganic matter during fluidised bed gasification of Poultry Litter and also Poultry Litter mixed with limestone as an additive. The Poultry Litter, the cyclone and bed ash were characterised by means of chemical fractionation analysis, as well as X-ray diffraction. Concurrently, the release of inorganic species during gasification of the feedstock was measured in separate laboratory experiments using molecular beam mass spectrometry. In addition, FactSage was used to predict the formation of gaseous species and the composition of solid residues from gasification under equilibrium conditions. On average, the cyclone ash accounts for 4.6 wt% and the bed ash 12.4 wt% of the total Poultry Litter fed into the reactor. All phosphorous (P) was present in the cyclone ash as stable phosphates, while potassium (K) in both cyclone and bed ash was mainly present as H2O leachable KCl, organically associated and stable phosphates and silicates. Furthermore, an assessment was made against the appropriate criteria, whether the ashes gasiication can be categorised as component materials for EU fertiliser product

  • Transformation of inorganic matter in Poultry Litter during fluidised bed gasification
    'Elsevier BV', 2021
    Co-Authors: Pandey, Daya Shankar, Leahy, James J., Yazhenskikh Elena, Müller Michael, Ziegner Mirko, Trubetskaya Anna, Kwapinska Marzena
    Abstract:

    This work investigates the transformation, release and fate of inorganic matter during fluidised bed gasification of Poultry Litter and also Poultry Litter mixed with limestone as an additive. The Poultry Litter, the cyclone and bed ash were characterised by means of chemical fractionation analysis, as well as X-ray diffraction. Concurrently, the release of inorganic species during gasification of the feedstock was measured in separate laboratory experiments using molecular beam mass spectrometry. In addition, FactSage was used to predict the formation of gaseous species and the composition of solid residues from gasification under equilibrium conditions. On average, the cyclone ash accounts for 4.6 wt% and the bed ash 12.4 wt% of the total Poultry Litter fed into the reactor. All phosphorous (P) was present in the cyclone ash as stable phosphates, while potassium (K) in both cyclone and bed ash was mainly present as H2O leachable KCl, organically associated and stable phosphates and silicates. Furthermore, an assessment was made against the appropriate criteria, whether the ashes from gasification can be categorised as component materials for EU fertiliser products

  • Experimental investigation of Poultry Litter gasification and co-gasification with beech wood in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor – Effect of equivalence ratio on process performance and tar evolution
    'Elsevier BV', 2020
    Co-Authors: Katsarosa Giannis, Horvat Alen, Fryda, Lydia E., Leahy, James J., Pandey, Daya S., Aranda Almansa Guadalupe, Tassou, Savvas A.
    Abstract:

    The effect of equivalence ratio on gasification of Poultry Litter, blend of Poultry Litter with beech wood and beech wood alone, was experimentally studied in a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor. Lower calorific value decreased with equivalence ratio whereas carbon conversion efficiency revealed the opposite trend. Beech wood showed both the highest lower calorific value and carbon conversion efficiency, 4.96 MJ/m3 and 91.6% respectively. Total gas chromatography-detectable tar decreased with an increase in equivalence ratio. The reduction in total gas chromatography-detectable tar was more profound in the case of Poultry Litter (22%). Beech wood illustrated the highest amount of total gas chromatography-detectable tar, 7.52gtar/kgfeedstock-daf at the lowest equivalence ratio, due to the higher lignin content responsible for generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Agglomeration occurred while gasifying Poultry Litter at 750 °C and at the highest equivalence ratio (0.25), whereas in the case of blend and beech wood alone all the test runs were conducted successfully

  • Experimental investigation of Poultry Litter gasification and co-gasification with beech wood in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor–effect of equivalence ratio on process performance and tar evolution
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Katsarosa Giannis, Pandey, Daya Shankar, Horvat Alen, Almansa, Guadalupe Aranda, Fryda, Lydia E., Leahy, James J., Tassou, Savvas A.
    Abstract:

    The effect of equivalence ratio on gasification of Poultry Litter, blend of Poultry Litter with beech wood and beech wood alone, was experimentally studied in a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor. Lower calorific value decreased with equivalence ratio whereas carbon conversion efficiency revealed the opposite trend. Beech wood showed both the highest lower calorific value and carbon conversion efficiency, 4.96 MJ/m3 and 91.6% respectively. Total gas chromatography-detectable tar decreased with an increase in equivalence ratio. The reduction in total gas chromatography-detectable tar was more profound in the case of Poultry Litter (22%). Beech wood illustrated the highest amount of total gas chromatography-detectable tar, 7.52gtar/kgfeedstock-daf at the lowest equivalence ratio, due to the higher lignin content responsible for generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Agglomeration occurred while gasifying Poultry Litter at 750 °C and at the highest equivalence ratio (0.25), whereas in the case of blend and beech wood alone all the test runs were conducted successfully

  • Experimental investigation of Poultry Litter gasification and co-gasification with beech wood in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor–effect of equivalence ratio on process performance and tar evolution
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Katsarosa Giannis, Pandey, Daya Shankar, Horvat Alen, Almansa, Guadalupe Aranda, Fryda, Lydia E., Leahy, James J., Tassou, Savvas A.
    Abstract:

    peer-reviewedThe effect of equivalence ratio on gasification of Poultry Litter, blend of Poultry Litter with beech wood and beech wood alone, was experimentally studied in a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor. Lower calorific value decreased with equivalence ratio whereas carbon conversion efficiency revealed the opposite trend. Beech wood showed both the highest lower calorific value and carbon conversion efficiency, 4.96 MJ/m3 and 91.6% respectively. Total gas chromatography-detectable tar decreased with an increase in equivalence ratio. The reduction in total gas chromatography-detectable tar was more profound in the case of Poultry Litter (22%). Beech wood illustrated the highest amount of total gas chromatography-detectable tar, 7.52gtar/kgfeedstock-daf at the lowest equivalence ratio, due to the higher lignin content responsible for generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Agglomeration occurred while gasifying Poultry Litter at 750 °C and at the highest equivalence ratio (0.25), whereas in the case of blend and beech wood alone all the test runs were conducted successfully

Pandey, Daya Shankar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transformation of inorganic matter in Poultry Litter during fluidised bed gasification
    'Elsevier BV', 2021
    Co-Authors: Pandey, Daya Shankar, Leahy, James J., Yazhenskikh Elena, Müller Michael, Ziegner Mirko, Trubetskaya Anna, Kwapinska Marzena
    Abstract:

    This work investigates the transformation, release and fate of inorganic matter during fluidised bed gasification of Poultry Litter and also Poultry Litter mixed with limestone as an additive. The Poultry Litter, the cyclone and bed ash were characterised by means of chemical fractionation analysis, as well as X-ray diffraction. Concurrently, the release of inorganic species during gasification of the feedstock was measured in separate laboratory experiments using molecular beam mass spectrometry. In addition, FactSage was used to predict the formation of gaseous species and the composition of solid residues from gasification under equilibrium conditions. On average, the cyclone ash accounts for 4.6 wt% and the bed ash 12.4 wt% of the total Poultry Litter fed into the reactor. All phosphorous (P) was present in the cyclone ash as stable phosphates, while potassium (K) in both cyclone and bed ash was mainly present as H2O leachable KCl, organically associated and stable phosphates and silicates. Furthermore, an assessment was made against the appropriate criteria, whether the ashes from gasification can be categorised as component materials for EU fertiliser products

  • Transformation of inorganic matter in Poultry Litter during fluidised bed gasification
    'Elsevier BV', 2021
    Co-Authors: Pandey, Daya Shankar, Leahy, James J., Yazhenskikh Elena, Müller Michael, Ziegner Mirko, Trubetskaya Anna, Kwapinska Marzena
    Abstract:

    peer-reviewedThis work investigates the transformation, release and fate of inorganic matter during fluidised bed gasification of Poultry Litter and also Poultry Litter mixed with limestone as an additive. The Poultry Litter, the cyclone and bed ash were characterised by means of chemical fractionation analysis, as well as X-ray diffraction. Concurrently, the release of inorganic species during gasification of the feedstock was measured in separate laboratory experiments using molecular beam mass spectrometry. In addition, FactSage was used to predict the formation of gaseous species and the composition of solid residues from gasification under equilibrium conditions. On average, the cyclone ash accounts for 4.6 wt% and the bed ash 12.4 wt% of the total Poultry Litter fed into the reactor. All phosphorous (P) was present in the cyclone ash as stable phosphates, while potassium (K) in both cyclone and bed ash was mainly present as H2O leachable KCl, organically associated and stable phosphates and silicates. Furthermore, an assessment was made against the appropriate criteria, whether the ashes gasiication can be categorised as component materials for EU fertiliser product

  • Experimental investigation of Poultry Litter gasification and co-gasification with beech wood in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor–effect of equivalence ratio on process performance and tar evolution
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Katsarosa Giannis, Pandey, Daya Shankar, Horvat Alen, Almansa, Guadalupe Aranda, Fryda, Lydia E., Leahy, James J., Tassou, Savvas A.
    Abstract:

    The effect of equivalence ratio on gasification of Poultry Litter, blend of Poultry Litter with beech wood and beech wood alone, was experimentally studied in a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor. Lower calorific value decreased with equivalence ratio whereas carbon conversion efficiency revealed the opposite trend. Beech wood showed both the highest lower calorific value and carbon conversion efficiency, 4.96 MJ/m3 and 91.6% respectively. Total gas chromatography-detectable tar decreased with an increase in equivalence ratio. The reduction in total gas chromatography-detectable tar was more profound in the case of Poultry Litter (22%). Beech wood illustrated the highest amount of total gas chromatography-detectable tar, 7.52gtar/kgfeedstock-daf at the lowest equivalence ratio, due to the higher lignin content responsible for generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Agglomeration occurred while gasifying Poultry Litter at 750 °C and at the highest equivalence ratio (0.25), whereas in the case of blend and beech wood alone all the test runs were conducted successfully

  • Experimental investigation of Poultry Litter gasification and co-gasification with beech wood in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor–effect of equivalence ratio on process performance and tar evolution
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Katsarosa Giannis, Pandey, Daya Shankar, Horvat Alen, Almansa, Guadalupe Aranda, Fryda, Lydia E., Leahy, James J., Tassou, Savvas A.
    Abstract:

    peer-reviewedThe effect of equivalence ratio on gasification of Poultry Litter, blend of Poultry Litter with beech wood and beech wood alone, was experimentally studied in a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor. Lower calorific value decreased with equivalence ratio whereas carbon conversion efficiency revealed the opposite trend. Beech wood showed both the highest lower calorific value and carbon conversion efficiency, 4.96 MJ/m3 and 91.6% respectively. Total gas chromatography-detectable tar decreased with an increase in equivalence ratio. The reduction in total gas chromatography-detectable tar was more profound in the case of Poultry Litter (22%). Beech wood illustrated the highest amount of total gas chromatography-detectable tar, 7.52gtar/kgfeedstock-daf at the lowest equivalence ratio, due to the higher lignin content responsible for generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Agglomeration occurred while gasifying Poultry Litter at 750 °C and at the highest equivalence ratio (0.25), whereas in the case of blend and beech wood alone all the test runs were conducted successfully

  • Fast pyrolysis of Poultry Litter in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor: energy and nutrient recovery
    MDPI, 2019
    Co-Authors: Pandey, Daya Shankar, Katsarosa Giannis, Leahy, James J., Lindfors Christian, Tassou, Savvas A.
    Abstract:

    peer-reviewedLivestock production is among the most rapidly growing sectors of the agricultural economy driven primarily by growing demand for animal protein, but also posing significant waste disposal issues and environmental impacts. Moreover, opportunities exist for utilising animal waste at the farm level for heat and power generation (thermal conversion) which can contribute to economic sustainability and also provide a bio-fertiliser for soil amendment. The present study is focused on energy and nutrient recovery from Poultry Litter using a thermochemical conversion technology (fast pyrolysis). The formation of products (gases, biochar and bio-oil) during the fast pyrolysis of Poultry Litter was experimentally investigated in a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Pyrolytic gases accounted for 15–22 wt.% of the product. The carbon content in biochar increased from 47 to 48.5 wt.% with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature. Phosphorous and potassium recovery in the biochar were over 75%, suggesting that it could be used as an organic soil amendment. The high ash content in Poultry Litter (14.3 wt.%) resulted in low bio-oil and high biochar yield. The bio-oil yield was over 27 wt.% with a higher heating value of 32.17 MJ/kg (dry basis). The total acid number of the bio-oil decreased from 46.30 to 38.50 with an increase in temperature. The nitrogen content in the bio-oil produced from the Poultry Litter (>7 wt.%) was significantly higher compared to bio-oil produced from the wood (0.1 wt.%)