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Fernando J. Muzzio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Powder Flow properties and shear environment on the performance of continuous mixing of pharmaceutical Powders
Powder Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Aditya U. Vanarase, Juan G. Osorio, Fernando J. MuzzioAbstract:Abstract This paper focuses on two aspects of continuous Powder mixing, namely characterizing the effects of material properties on the bulk Powder Flow behavior, and developing continuous blending strategies suitable for cohesive materials. The relative effects of process parameters and material properties on the bulk Powder Flow behavior were analyzed by performing a PLS analysis of the output parameters, including mean residence time, and axial dispersion coefficient as a function of input parameters (impeller speed, Flow rate, bulk density and cohesion). The mean residence time was primarily affected by the bulk density and impeller speed, whereas the axial dispersion coefficient was affected by impeller speed and cohesion. Based on previously developed knowledge of mixing performance as a function of process parameters [1] , a design rule to select the optimal number of impeller passes based on the bulk density was proposed. Impeller speed and cohesion showed a significant interacting effect on the output variable, the axial dispersion coefficient. Increase in cohesion leads to increase in the axial dispersion coefficient at higher impeller speeds, whereas a negligible effect of cohesion on the axial dispersion coefficient was observed at lower impeller speeds. In the second part of the paper, a continuous blending methodology for blending cohesive materials was demonstrated. Considering the feeding limitations of cohesive materials, and limitations in the application of shear in the bladed continuous mixer, a combination of high shear and low shear mixing with high-shear mixing as a first step exhibited an optimal mixing strategy.
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Effects of Powder Flow properties on capsule filling weight uniformity.
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2013Co-Authors: Juan G. Osorio, Fernando J. MuzzioAbstract:Filling capsules with the right amount of Powder ingredients is an important quality parameter. The purpose of this study was to develop effective laboratory methods for characterizing Flow properties of pharmaceutical Powder blends and correlating such properties to weight variability in filled capsules. The methods used for Powder Flow characterization were bulk and tapped density, gravitational displacement rheometer (GDR) Flow index, Freeman Technology V.4 (FT4) Powder rheometer compressibility, FT4 basic Flow energy (BFE), and cohesion parameters [cohesion, (C) and Flow factor (ffc)] measured in a shear cell also using the FT4. Capsules were filled using an MG2-G140 continuous nozzle dosator capsule-filling machine. Powder Flow properties were the most predominant factors affecting the weight and weight variability in the filled capsules. Results showed that the weight variability decreased with increasing bulk and tapped density, ffc and BFE, while the weight variability increased with increasing co...
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investigation of the effect of impeller rotation rate Powder Flow rate and cohesion on Powder Flow behavior in a continuous blender using pept
Chemical Engineering Science, 2010Co-Authors: Patricia M Portillo, Aditya U. Vanarase, A Ingram, Jonathan Seville, Marianthi G Ierapetritou, Fernando J. MuzzioAbstract:In this paper, we examine the movement of particles within a continuous Powder mixer using PEPT (Positron Emission Particle Tracking). The benefit of the approach is that the particle movement along the vessel can be measured non-invasively. The effect of impeller rotation rate, Powder Flow rate, and Powder cohesion on the particle trajectory, dispersive axial transport coefficient, and residence time is examined. Increase in the impeller rotation rate decreased the residence time, increased the axial dispersion coefficient, and resulted in longer total path length. Effect of Flow rate was different at two different rotation rates. At lower rotation rate, increase in Flow rate increased the residence time, decreased the axial dispersion, and resulted in longer total path length. At higher rotation rate, increase in Flow rate decreased the residence time, increased the total path length and showed a complex dependence on the axial dispersion coefficient. Increasing cohesion (measured using the Flow index, dilation, and the Hausner ratio) did not affect the axial dispersion coefficient significantly, but had significant effects on the total particle path length traveled and the residence time. These results, relevant to pharmaceutical Powders, provide better physical understanding of the influence of operating parameters on the Flow behavior in the continuous mixer. In addition, one of the main obstacles of modeling continuous mixing of particles is to know the appropriate values for the modeling parameters as well as validate modeling approaches. One example is the dispersion coefficient which leads to an analytical solution for the axial dispersion model of a continuous blending process.
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an experimental computational approach for examining unconfined cohesive Powder Flow
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2006Co-Authors: Abdulmobeen Faqih, Fernando J. Muzzio, Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri, Albert Alexander, Clive E Davies, Silvina M TomassoneAbstract:This paper describes a new method to quantitatively measure the Flow characteristics of unconfined cohesive Powders in a rotating drum. Cohesion plays an important role, affecting Flow properties/characteristics, mixing rates, and segregation tendencies. The method relies on measuring the change in center of mass of the Powder bed as it avalanches in the vessel, using a load cell that is sampled continuously. Filtering and analysis of the signal is done using Fast-Fourier transform into the frequency domain, where noise is eliminated using signal processing methods. The filtered data is transformed back to the time domain by using an inverse Fast-Fourier transform to give quantitative information on the Powder Flow characteristics. In order to understand the nature of the forces controlling Powder Flow behavior, a computational model was developed to estimate the relationship between inter-particle cohesive strength and experimental measurements. A "Flow index" generated by the method correlates well with the degree of bed expansion (dynamic dilation) of the cohesive Powders. The Flow index also predicts the dynamics of Flow through hoppers. As the Flow index increases it becomes increasingly difficult for the Powder to Flow through the hoppers.
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An experimental/computational approach for examining unconfined cohesive Powder Flow.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2006Co-Authors: Abdulmobeen Faqih, Fernando J. Muzzio, Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri, Albert Alexander, Clive E Davies, M. Silvina TomassoneAbstract:This paper describes a new method to quantitatively measure the Flow characteristics of unconfined cohesive Powders in a rotating drum. Cohesion plays an important role, affecting Flow properties/characteristics, mixing rates, and segregation tendencies. The method relies on measuring the change in center of mass of the Powder bed as it avalanches in the vessel, using a load cell that is sampled continuously. Filtering and analysis of the signal is done using Fast-Fourier transform into the frequency domain, where noise is eliminated using signal processing methods. The filtered data is transformed back to the time domain by using an inverse Fast-Fourier transform to give quantitative information on the Powder Flow characteristics. In order to understand the nature of the forces controlling Powder Flow behavior, a computational model was developed to estimate the relationship between inter-particle cohesive strength and experimental measurements. A "Flow index" generated by the method correlates well with the degree of bed expansion (dynamic dilation) of the cohesive Powders. The Flow index also predicts the dynamics of Flow through hoppers. As the Flow index increases it becomes increasingly difficult for the Powder to Flow through the hoppers.
Jukka Rantanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of ring shear testing as a characterization method for Powder Flow in small scale Powder processing equipment
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2014Co-Authors: Soren V Sogaard, Morten Alleso, Troels Pedersen, Joergen Garnaes, Jukka RantanenAbstract:Abstract Powder Flow in small-scale equipment is challenging to predict. To meet this need, the impact of consolidation during Powder Flow characterization, the level of consolidation existing during discharge of Powders from a tablet press hopper and the uncertainty of shear and wall friction measurements at small consolidation stresses were investigated. For this purpose, three grades of microcrystalline cellulose were used. Results showed that Powder Flow properties depend strongly on the consolidation during testing. The consolidation during discharge in terms of the major principal stress and wall normal stress were approximately 200 Pa and 114 Pa, respectively, in the critical transition from the converging to the lower vertical section of the hopper. The lower limit of consolidation for the shear and wall friction test was approximately 500 Pa and 200 Pa, respectively. At this consolidation level, the wall and shear stress resolution influences the precision of the measured Powder Flow properties. This study highlights the need for an improved experimental setup which would be capable of measuring the Flow properties of Powders under very small consolidation stresses with a high shear stress resolution. This will allow the accuracy, precision and applicability of the shear test to be improved for pharmaceutical applications.
Soren V Sogaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of ring shear testing as a characterization method for Powder Flow in small scale Powder processing equipment
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2014Co-Authors: Soren V Sogaard, Morten Alleso, Troels Pedersen, Joergen Garnaes, Jukka RantanenAbstract:Abstract Powder Flow in small-scale equipment is challenging to predict. To meet this need, the impact of consolidation during Powder Flow characterization, the level of consolidation existing during discharge of Powders from a tablet press hopper and the uncertainty of shear and wall friction measurements at small consolidation stresses were investigated. For this purpose, three grades of microcrystalline cellulose were used. Results showed that Powder Flow properties depend strongly on the consolidation during testing. The consolidation during discharge in terms of the major principal stress and wall normal stress were approximately 200 Pa and 114 Pa, respectively, in the critical transition from the converging to the lower vertical section of the hopper. The lower limit of consolidation for the shear and wall friction test was approximately 500 Pa and 200 Pa, respectively. At this consolidation level, the wall and shear stress resolution influences the precision of the measured Powder Flow properties. This study highlights the need for an improved experimental setup which would be capable of measuring the Flow properties of Powders under very small consolidation stresses with a high shear stress resolution. This will allow the accuracy, precision and applicability of the shear test to be improved for pharmaceutical applications.
Silvina M Tomassone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an experimental computational approach for examining unconfined cohesive Powder Flow
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2006Co-Authors: Abdulmobeen Faqih, Fernando J. Muzzio, Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri, Albert Alexander, Clive E Davies, Silvina M TomassoneAbstract:This paper describes a new method to quantitatively measure the Flow characteristics of unconfined cohesive Powders in a rotating drum. Cohesion plays an important role, affecting Flow properties/characteristics, mixing rates, and segregation tendencies. The method relies on measuring the change in center of mass of the Powder bed as it avalanches in the vessel, using a load cell that is sampled continuously. Filtering and analysis of the signal is done using Fast-Fourier transform into the frequency domain, where noise is eliminated using signal processing methods. The filtered data is transformed back to the time domain by using an inverse Fast-Fourier transform to give quantitative information on the Powder Flow characteristics. In order to understand the nature of the forces controlling Powder Flow behavior, a computational model was developed to estimate the relationship between inter-particle cohesive strength and experimental measurements. A "Flow index" generated by the method correlates well with the degree of bed expansion (dynamic dilation) of the cohesive Powders. The Flow index also predicts the dynamics of Flow through hoppers. As the Flow index increases it becomes increasingly difficult for the Powder to Flow through the hoppers.
Jouko Yliruusi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Image-based characterization of Powder Flow to predict the success of pharmaceutical minitablet manufacturing.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2020Co-Authors: David Blanco, Osmo Antikainen, Heikki Räikkönen, Pei Ting Mah, Anne Marie Healy, Anne Mari Juppo, Jouko YliruusiAbstract:Abstract Powder Flowability plays an important role in die filling during tablet manufacturing. The present study introduces a novel small-scale measuring technique for Powder Flow. Based on image analysis, the Flow was defined depending on the variation of luminous intensity and the movement of Powder inside the measurement cuvette. Using quantities around 100 mg it was possible to characterize a wide range of common pharmaceutical Powders, especially in distinguishing subtle differences in Flow caused by minor changes in samples characteristics. The method was compared with Powder rheometry, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical literature, and showed a significant improvement in predicting the success of pharmaceutical minitablet manufacture (d = 5 mm). Tablet weight variation (RSD) was defined as the most efficient way to assess relevant Powder Flow behaviour in tablet production when using the novel device. The proposed method was distinguished from others by its ability to classify different grades of microcrystalline cellulose in the die-filling process. Subsequently, eight common pharmaceutical Powders, both excipients and APIs, were properly ranked as a function of Flowability based on their physical properties. The method showed a high repeatability, with a relative standard deviation not more than 10%.
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Development of a New Method to Get a Reliable Powder Flow Characteristics Using Only 1 to 2 g of Powder
AAPS PharmSciTech, 2010Co-Authors: Kari Seppälä, Jyrki Heinämäki, Juha Hatara, Lassi Seppälä, Jouko YliruusiAbstract:In Powder technology, it is often important to directly measure real Powder Flow rate from a small amount of Powder. For example, in pharmaceutical industry, a frequent problem is to determine Powder Flow properties of new active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an early stage of the development when the amount of API is limited. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new direct method to measure Powder Flow when the material is poorly Flowing (cohesive) and the amount of material is about 1 to 2 g. The measuring system was simple, consisting of a Flow chamber and electronic balance and an automated optical detection system, and for each measurement, only 1 to 2 g of sample was required. Based on the results obtained with this testing method, three selected sugar excipients, three grades of microcrystalline cellulose, and APIs (caffeine, carbamazepine, and paracetamol) can be classified as freely Flowing, intermediate Flowing, and poorly Flowing Powders, respectively. The average relative standard deviation for the Flow time determinations was not more than 2–10%. The present novel Flowability testing method provides a new tool for a rapid determination of Flowing characteristics of Powders (e.g., inhalation Powders) and granules at a small scale.
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Effect of moisture on Powder Flow properties of theophylline
Pharmaceutics, 2010Co-Authors: Niklas Sandler, Katharina Reiche, Jyrki Heinämäki, Jouko YliruusiAbstract:Powder Flow is influenced by environmental factors, such as moisture and static electricity, as well as Powder related factors, such as morphology, size, size distribution, density, and surface area. Pharmaceutical solids may be exposed to water during storage in an atmosphere containing water vapor, or in a dosage form consisting of materials (e.g., excipients) that contain water and are capable of transferring in to other ingredients. The effect of moisture on Powder Flowability depends on the amount of water and its distribution. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of humidity on the Flow properties of theophylline using information derived from solid-state analysis of the systems investigated.
