The Experts below are selected from a list of 225 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Yohsuke Tamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The residual strength of automotive hydrogen cylinders after exposure to flames
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yohsuke Tamura, Koji Yamazaki, Kiyotala Maeda, Kenji Sato
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fuel cell vehicles and some compressed natural gas vehicles are equipped with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite cylinders. Each of the cylinders has a Pressure Relief Device designed to detect heat and release the internal gas to prevent the cylinder from bursting in a vehicle fire accident. Yet in some accident situations, the fire may be extinguished before the Pressure Relief Device is activated, leaving the high-Pressure fuel gas inside the fire-damaged cylinder. To handle such a cylinder safely after an accident it is necessary that the cylinder keeps a sufficient post-fire strength against its internal gas Pressure, but in most cases it is difficult to accurately determine cylinder strength at the accident site. One way of solving this problem is to predetermine the post-fire burst strengths of cylinders by experiments. In this study, automotive CFRP cylinders having no Pressure Relief Device were exposed to a fire to the verge of bursting; then after the fire was extinguished the residual burst strengths and the overall physical state of the test cylinders were examined. The results indicated that the test cylinders all recorded a residual burst strength at least twice greater than their internal gas Pressure for tested cylinders with new cylinder burst to nominal working Pressure in the range 2.67–4.92 above the regulated ratio of 2.25.

  • Study of a post-fire verification method for the activation status of hydrogen cylinder Pressure Relief Devices
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Koji Yamazaki, Yohsuke Tamura
    Abstract:

    Abstract To safely remove from its fire accident site a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle equipped with a carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite cylinder for compressed hydrogen (CFRP cylinder) and to safely keep the burnt vehicle in a storage facility, it is necessary to verify whether the thermally-activated Pressure Relief Device (TPRD) of the CFRP cylinder has already been activated, releasing the hydrogen gas from the cylinder. To develop a simple post-fire verification method on TPRD activation, the present study was conducted on the using hydrogen densitometer and Type III and Type IV CFRP cylinders having different linings. As the results, TPRD activation status can be determined by measuring hydrogen concentrations with a catalytic combustion hydrogen densitometer at the cylinder's TPRD gas release port.

  • The spread of fire from adjoining vehicles to a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yohsuke Tamura, Masaru Takabayashi, Masayuki Takeuchi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two vehicle fire tests were conducted to investigate the spread of fire to adjacent vehicles from a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) equipped with a thermal Pressure Relief Device (TPRD) : – 1) an HFCV fire test involving an adjacent gasoline vehicle, 2) a fire test involving three adjoining HFCV assuming their transportation in a carrier ship. The test results indicated that the adjacent vehicles were ignited by flames from the interior and exterior materials of the fire origin HFCV, but not by the hydrogen flames generated through the activation of TPRD.

Nathan Weyandt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • SAE Paper Number 2005-01-1886 Hydrogen Fuel Tank Fire Exposure Burst Test
    2015
    Co-Authors: Robert G. Zalosh, Nathan Weyandt
    Abstract:

    Copyright © 2005 SAE International A fire exposure test was conducted on a 72.4 liter composite (Type HGV-4) hydrogen fuel tank at an initial hydrogen Pressure of 34.3 MPa (ca 5000 psi). No Pressure Relief Device was installed on the tank to ensure catastrophic failure for analysis. The cylinder ruptured at 35.7 MPa after a 370 kW fire exposure for 6 min 27 seconds. Blast wave Pressures measured along a line perpendicular to the cylinder axis were 18 % to 25 % less the values calculated from ideal blast wave correlations using a blast energy of 13.4 MJ, which is based on the ideal gas internal energy at the 35.7 MPa burst Pressure. The resulting hydrogen fireball maximum diameter of 7.7 m is about 19 % less than the value predicted from existing correlations using the 1.64 kg hydrogen mass in the tank

  • Hydrogen Fuel Tank Fire Exposure Burst Test
    SAE transactions, 2005
    Co-Authors: Robert G. Zalosh, Nathan Weyandt
    Abstract:

    A fire exposure test was conducted on a 72.4 liter composite (Type HGV-4) hydrogen fuel tank at an initial hydrogen Pressure of 34.3 MPa (ca 5000 psi). No Pressure Relief Device was installed on the tank to ensure catastrophic failure for analysis. The cylinder ruptured at 35.7 MPa after a 370 kW fire exposure for 6 min 27 seconds. Blast wave Pressures measured along a line perpendicular to the cylinder axis were 18% to 25% less the values calculated from ideal blast wave correlations using a blast energy of 13.4 MJ, which is based on the ideal gas internal energy at the 35.7 MPa burst Pressure. The resulting hydrogen fireball maximum diameter of 7.7 m is about 19% less than the value predicted from existing correlations using the 1.64 kg hydrogen mass in the tank.

W. E. Short - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fire Versus Non-Fire Contingencies: A Study of Pressure-Relief Device Sizing Risks
    Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology-transactions of The Asme, 2005
    Co-Authors: W. E. Short
    Abstract:

    There are tens of thousands of industrial manufacturing facilities operating throughout the world. Each chemical plant, petroleum refinery, pharmaceutical plant and other manufacturing facility has equipment and piping systems that operate under Pressure. In the event of excessive overPressure, equipment or piping failures could result in economic loss to business, environmental contamination, and health and safety risks. To reduce such risks, equipment and piping systems that operate under Pressure must be protected from excessive overPressure. This is accomplished with the installation of Pressure-Relief Devices, which must be properly sized and specified for the intended service conditions. More specifically, overPressure protection is provided by Pressure-Relief Devices that are sized, selected, specified and installed for the postulated governing overPressure contingency. To adequately size a Pressure-Relief Device to provide overPressure protection for equipment and piping, several Relief event scenarios always should be considered. In the U.S.A., federal and state regulations require operating industrial facilities to have risk management programs in place that include the design basis for safety-Relief systems installed to protect pressurized equipment from overPressure. For new installations, the Pressure-Relief system design philosophy should be established during the project design phase. However, for process facilities that have been in operation for many years, the original design basis and calculations for the safety-Relief Devices often are no longer available. For existing Pressure-relieving installations, fitness-for-service assessments should include verification of the Relief Device size and specification, and review and substantiation of required documentation. This paper presents results from a study intended to examine which overPressure Relief contingency, if any, most often governs the size of Relief Devices that are used to protect equipment and piping systems. The required elements of a Pressure-relieving system sizing and documentation program are described. The author emphasizes seven Relief contingencies to be considered when sizing Pressure-Relief Devices. Some restrictions and limitations of the codes and standards that are applied for design guidance of Pressure-relieving systems are challenged. For this study, Relief Device sizing data was compiled from a number of chemical and petrochemical project applications to provide a reasonable sample of contingencies that governed the sizes of existing and new safety-Relief valves and rupture disks. The study results show that a significant number of Pressure-Relief Devices presently installed in the U.S.A. likely are undersized. This further suggests that, worldwide, an alarming number of Pressure-Relief Devices may be undersized.

  • On the Governing Contingency for Pressure-Relief Device Sizing
    Risk and Reliability and Evaluation of Components and Machinery, 2004
    Co-Authors: W. E. Short
    Abstract:

    Equipment and piping systems that operate under Pressure need to be protected from excessive overPressure. This is accomplished with the installation of Pressure-Relief Devices, which must be properly sized and specified for the intended service conditions. To adequately size a Pressure-Relief Device to provide overPressure protection for equipment and piping, several Relief event scenarios always should be considered. Ultimately, overPressure protection is provided with the installation of Pressure-Relief Devices that are specifically sized, specified and installed for the postulated governing overPressure contingency. Too often, Pressure-Relief Devices are sized based on the possibly erroneous presumption that fire exposure will be the most likely governing contingency. Historically, the fire exposure contingency has been emphasized to such an extent that Pressure-Relief Devices often are assessed solely on the basis of fire exposure. Substantiation of this presumption, however, is not obvious in the literature. In fact, one can argue that there are many Relief contingencies other than fire exposure which may govern the Relief Device size. Furthermore, neglecting consideration of other Relief contingencies can present a potentially dangerous situation. This paper presents results from a study intended to examine which overPressure Relief contingency, if any, most often governs the size of Relief Devices that are used to protect equipment and piping systems. From previous related work, seven Relief contingencies are described and emphasized by the author. For this study, Relief Device sizing data was compiled from a number of chemical and petrochemical project applications to provide a reasonable sample of contingencies that governed the sizes of existing and new safety-Relief valves and rupture discs [1,2,3].Copyright © 2004 by ASME

Seong Beom Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Structural analysis on the superficial grooving stainless-steel thin-plate rupture discs
    International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jae Young Jeong, Heungseob Kim, Seok Heum Baek, Seong Beom Lee
    Abstract:

    A rupture disc is a non-reclosing Pressure-Relief Device actuated by inlet static Pressure and designed to function by bursting a Pressure-containing disc. It separates fluid from a safety Relief valve, and thereby prevents leakage through the valve. Rupture discs are made from stainless steel, have a concave shape, and are designed to open at a predetermined Pressure. They are used in safetycritical Pressure-Relief Devices, and provide a leak-tight seal. In this paper, we describe a structural analysis and calculate the burst Pressure of superficially grooved stainless-steel plate rupture discs. In general, rupture discs are designed based on a failure analysis of the material. We therefore conducted tensile tests on stainless-steel plate specimens to obtain their material properties, and then examined the relationship between the burst Pressure and the thickness of the rupture disc using finite element analyses. Based on these results, we investigated the effects of groove depth and rupture disc thickness on burst Pressure.

  • A study on the grooving process of a cross-scored rupture disc
    International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jae Young Jeong, Woongchul Choi, Seung Cheol Hong, Mi-ra Ryu, Heungseob Kim, Jayone Lee, Sanghoon Yeom, Tae Gu Kim, Seong Beom Lee
    Abstract:

    High-Pressure facilities such as Pressure vessels and storage equipment are widely used in all areas of manufacturing. Although many safety regulations have been enacted, mechanical defects and system operator errors sometimes cause industrial disasters. Since industrial disasters at high-Pressure facilities cause greater loss of life and property, the installation of Pressure-Relief Devices is mandatory. A rupture disc (also known as a bursting disc) is a type of non-reclosing Pressure-Relief Device, equipped with a leak-tight seal. It is designed to prevent disasters and damage to equipment by immediate, complete rupture when the internal Pressure of the plumbing reaches a predetermined level. Various types of rupture discs are cross-scored, and are activated by the reversal of a dome shape and Pressure load. They are designed with an X-shaped groove on their surfaces to facilitate bursting without fragmentation. In this research, the processing characteristics of the grooving process, one of the major processes in the production of a cross-scored rupture disc, are investigated via experiments and finite element analysis (FEA) to obtain a design basis for cross-scored rupture discs required by high-Pressure facilities with varying kinds of performance. The mechanical properties and chemical composition of the stainless steel used to produce cross-scored rupture discs are determined with a tensile testing machine and an electron microscope. The characteristics of the grooving process are then measured and compared with FEA results.

Lei Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Discussion of the Using of Pressure Relief Devices for On-Board High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Tanks
    Volume 1A: Codes and Standards, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jiong Zheng, Weijian Luo, Jingbiao Yang, Lei Wang
    Abstract:

    To prevent the on-board storage tank from burst at vehicle fire scenario, Pressure Relief Device (PRD) is required to be installed to the tank and timely activated to release internal high-Pressure hydrogen. Actually, there are two types of PRDs (i.e. thermally-activated and Pressure-activated PRDs), and four types of tanks such as all-metal, hoop/fully-wrapped with metal liner and fully-wrapped with plastic liner. Great importance should be attached to the using of PRDs for all types of tanks in consideration of the risk of tank burst caused by fire. However, there are great differences in the requirements for the using of PRDs in hydrogen storage tank standards such as GTR-HFCV, ISO/TS 15869, JARI S 001 and TSG R006. Compared with compressed natural gas tank standards, PRD requirements in hydrogen storage tank standards are discussed in this paper. Moreover, key influencing factors on the activation of thermally-activated and Pressure-activated PRDs are analyzed in detail based on fire test data. Finally, some advices for the using of PRDs of hydrogen storage tanks are proposed.