The Experts below are selected from a list of 22368 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Glenn D Walters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
what is the latent structure of alcohol use disorders a taxometric analysis of the personality assessment inventory alcohol problems scale in male and female Prison Inmates
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2010Co-Authors: Glenn D Walters, Pamela M Diamond, Philip R MagalettaAbstract:Three indicators derived from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Alcohol Problems scale (ALC)— tolerance/high consumption, loss of control, and negative social and psychological consequences—were subjected to taxometric analysis-mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), maximum covariance (MAXCOV), and latent mode factor analysis (L-Mode)-in 1,374 federal Prison Inmates (905 males, 469 females). Whereas the total sample yielded ambiguous results, the male subsample produced dimensional results, and the female subsample produced taxonic results. Interpreting these findings in light of previous taxometric research on alcohol abuse and dependence it is speculated that while alcohol use disorders may be taxonic in female offenders, they are probably both taxonic and dimensional in male offenders. Two models of male alcohol use disorder in males are considered, one in which the diagnostic features are categorical and the severity of symptomatology is dimensional, and one in which some diagnostic features (e.g., withdrawal) are taxonic and other features (e.g., social problems) are dimensional.
-
the latent structure of alcohol use disorders a taxometric analysis of structured interview data obtained from male federal Prison Inmates
Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2008Co-Authors: Glenn D WaltersAbstract:Aims: Archival data from structured interviews of 1193 male Prison Inmates were subjected to taxometric analysis to determine the latent structure of the alcohol use disorder construct. Methods: Analyses were performed using three taxometric procedures: mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), maximum eigenvalue (MAXEIG), and latent mode factor analysis (L-Mode). Results: The outcomes were based on three indicators: (1) DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria 1 and 2 (tolerance/withdrawal), (2) DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria 3, 4, and 5 and DSM-IV alcohol abuse criterion 3 (loss of control), and (3) DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria 6 and 7 and DSM-IV alcohol abuse criteria 1, 2, and 4 (negative social/psychological consequences). The outcomes revealed consistent support for a taxonic (categorical) interpretation of alcohol use disorders. Conclusions: There may be a taxonic boundary separating those who do and do not qualify for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence or abuse with important implications for diagnosis and treatment.
-
the latent structure of psychopathy a taxometric investigation of the psychopathy checklist revised in a heterogeneous sample of male Prison Inmates
Assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Glenn D Walters, Scott A Duncan, Kari MitchellperezAbstract:A taxometric analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) is conducted on a group of 409 male maximum-, medium-, and minimum-security federal Prison Inmates using the four PCL-R facet scor...
Leonore M J Simon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the violent offender s perception of victim contribution and the victim offender relationship
Journal of Criminal Justice, 1995Co-Authors: Leonore M J SimonAbstract:ABSTRACT This study was designed to examine whether the violent offender's perception of victim contribution is related to the victim-offender relationship. Subjects consist of 273 male Prison Inmates serving sentences in the Arizona State Prison system for violent crimes. Interview and record data were collected Results indicate that offenders who victimize strangers are less likely to perceive victim contribution than offenders who victimize acquaintances. Conclusions and implications for public policy are discussed
-
Prison behavior and the victim offender relationship among violent offenders
Justice Quarterly, 1993Co-Authors: Leonore M J SimonAbstract:This research explores the role of the victim-offender relationship of Prison Inmates' commitment crimes in predicting violent offenders' behavior problems. The importance of the victim-offender relationship is supported by anecdotal accounts and theoretical reasoning which suggest that nonstranger offenders have fewer disciplinary problems in Prison than stranger offenders. Inmate interviews and official data were collected from 273 violent offenders. Results suggest that Inmates with more extensive rule-breaking behaviors are likely to be younger, less intelligent individuals who victimize strangers, have had more numerous juvenile convictions, and have served at least one prior Prison term. Conclusions and implications for public policy are discussed.
Ehsan Mostafavi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
risk and vulnerability of key populations to hiv infection in iran knowledge attitude and practices of female sex workers Prison Inmates and people who inject drugs
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2015Co-Authors: Ehsan Mostafavi, Razieh Khajehkazemi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Soodabeh Navadeh, H Setayes, Leily Sajadi, Mehdi OsooliAbstract:Background: In this study data of three national surveys conducted among female sex workers (FSW), Prison Inmates and people who inject drugs (PWID) were presented and compared in relation to knowledge, attitude, and practises. Methods: The surveys were conducted in 2009 and 2010 and included 2546 PWID, 872 FSW and 5530 Prison Inmates. Knowledge, attitude and practises towards HIV were measured through similar questions for each category. Results: Over 90% of all participants had ever heard of HIV/AIDS, although only approximately half of them perceived themselves at risk of contracting HIV. More than 80% were able to correctly identify the ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV; while more than two-thirds did not use condom in their last sexual contact. Approximately 20% of Prisoners and FSW had a history of injecting drugs. Among all participants who have injected drugs, Prisoners had the highest unsafe injecting behaviour at the last injection (61%), followed by FSW (11%) and PWID (3%). Conclusions: Despite major efforts to control the HIV epidemic in Iran, the level of risk and vulnerability among Prisoners, FSW and PWID is still high. The level of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS is relatively good; however, their risk perception of contracting HIV is low and high-risk behaviours are prevalent. Therefore, HIV prevention programs should beredesigned inamore comprehensivewaytoidentifythebest venuestoreach thelargestnumberof peopleat ahigher risk of contracting HIV and decrease their risk overlaps and vulnerability factors.
-
risk and vulnerability of key populations to hiv infection in iran knowledge attitude and practises of female sex workers Prison Inmates and people who inject drugs
Sexual Health, 2014Co-Authors: Razieh Khajehkazemi, Ehsan Mostafavi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Soodabeh Navadeh, Leily Sajadi, Mehdi Osooli, Hamidreza SetayeshAbstract:Background: In this study data of three national surveys conducted among female sex workers (FSW), Prison Inmates and people who inject drugs (PWID) were presented and compared in relation to knowledge, attitude, and practises. Methods: The surveys were conducted in 2009 and 2010 and included 2546 PWID, 872 FSW and 5530 Prison Inmates. Knowledge, attitude and practises towards HIV were measured through similar questions for each category. Results: Over 90% of all participants had ever heard of HIV/AIDS, although only approximately half of them perceived themselves at risk of contracting HIV. More than 80% were able to correctly identify the ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV; while more than two-thirds did not use condom in their last sexual contact. Approximately 20% of Prisoners and FSW had a history of injecting drugs. Among all participants who have injected drugs, Prisoners had the highest unsafe injecting behaviour at the last injection (61%), followed by FSW (11%) and PWID (3%). Conclusions: Despite major efforts to control the HIV epidemic in Iran, the level of risk and vulnerability among Prisoners, FSW and PWID is still high. The level of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS is relatively good; however, their risk perception of contracting HIV is low and high-risk behaviours are prevalent. Therefore, HIV prevention programs should be redesigned in a more comprehensive way to identify the best venues to reach the largest number of people at a higher risk of contracting HIV and decrease their risk overlaps and vulnerability factors. (Less)
Michael Rosler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in female offenders prevalence psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial implications
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Michael Rosler, Wolfgang Retz, Khalid Yaqoobi, Eva Burg, Petra RetzjungingerAbstract:Attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with social maladaptation and delinquency in later life. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ADHD and comorbid conditions in female Prison Inmates. One hundred and ten adult female Prison Inmates of a German Prison for women were investigated. SCID-I and -II interviews and standardized German instruments for the assessment of ADHD in adults (HASE) were used. The lifetime prevalence of ADHD was 24.5 and 10% for persisting ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria. A decline of the prevalence of persisting ADHD with age from 17.9% (age 45 years) was observed. Female Prisoners with ADHD were younger at their first conviction as compared with females without ADHD and they showed longer incarceration periods in relation to age. The prevalence of other axis I disorders was high in both the ADHD and the non-ADHD female population, but significantly higher in ADHD females. Mean number of axis I diagnoses was 3.6 in females with ADHD and 2.3 in females without ADHD. No differences were found between females with and without ADHD regarding the prevalence of psychotic, affective, anxiety, somatization and posttraumatic disorders. Substance use disorders and in particular the use of stimulants were more frequent in females with ADHD as well as borderline personality disorder and eating disorders. The results suggest a high prevalence of ADHD in female Prisoners that exceeds the prevalence estimates from epidemiological studies in general female populations. Moreover, it appears that ADHD is particularly frequent in adolescent and young adult female offenders and increases the risk for further psychiatric morbidity. The results indicate the need of adequate psychiatric support of female Prison Inmates including therapeutic programs for ADHD.
-
prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd and comorbid disorders in young male Prison Inmates
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Michael Rosler, Wolfgang Retz, Petra Retzjunginger, G Hengesch, Marc Schneider, Tillmann Supprian, P Schwitzgebel, K Pinhard, Dovi N Akue, Paul H WenderAbstract:Objective This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of ADHD as well as comorbid conditions among young male Prison Inmates.
-
psychometric and psychopathological characterization of young male Prison Inmates with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Wolfgang Retz, Petra Retzjunginger, G Hengesch, Marc Schneider, Paul H Wender, Johannes Thome, Frankgerald Pajonk, Anusche Salahidisfan, Oliver Rees, Michael RoslerAbstract:There is considerable evidence that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with conduct problems, social maladaptation and delinquent behavior. The "Ottweiler Study" was performed to elaborate the prevalence of ADHD and comorbid disorders in 129 young adult detainees of the juvenile Prison of Ottweiler (Germany) according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. Here we report psychopathological characteristics of 28 Inmates, who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for persisting ADHD, and 37 individuals with neither a history nor current ADHD symptoms. Childhood ADHD symptoms but no current ADHD were present in 64 individuals. The Wender-Reimherr Interview (WRI) based on the Utah criteria for adult ADHD, the NEO-five factor personality inventory (NEO-FFI) and the youth self report/young adult self report (YSR/YASR) according to Achenbach were used for the assessment of psychopathology and the description of behavioral problems. Regarding WRI and YSR/YASR we found a significant increase of emotional and internalizing problems in the ADHD group compared to delinquents without ADHD or ADHD history. ADHD delinquents scored higher on the personality dimension neuroticism, and showed lower scores on the dimensions agreeableness and consciousness. Using discriminant analysis, high scores on the WRI subscales disorganization and attention difficulties and NEO-FFI neuroticism were the best predictors of ADHD diagnosis. The results support prior findings of high ADHD prevalence in Prison Inmates and suggest that emotional and internalizing abnormalities are prominent problems in this population. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of ADHD as an independent factor for life-persistent criminality, since specific treatment may help to ameliorate the legal prognosis.
Bonnie Faigeles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
reducing postrelease risk behavior among hiv seropositive Prison Inmates the health promotion program
Aids Education and Prevention, 2001Co-Authors: Olga Grinstead, Barry Zack, Bonnie FaigelesAbstract:The prevalence of AIDS is five times higher among Prison Inmates than in the general population. Because recidivism is common and many Inmates are serving short sentences for parole violation, HIV-seropositive Inmates move frequently between Prison and their home communities. We designed an eight-session prerelease intervention for HIV seropositive Inmates to decrease sexual and drug-related risk behavior and to increase use of community resources after release. The intervention sessions were delivered at the Prison by community service providers. We found that a prerelease risk reduction intervention for HIV seropositive Inmates was feasible. Descriptive results support the effectiveness of the program in reducing sexual and drug-related behaviors and in increasing use of community resources after release. Compared with men who signed up for the intervention but were unable to attend, men who received the intervention reported more use of community resources and less sexual and drug-related risk behavior in the months following release. We recommend dissemination and continued evaluation of this risk-reduction intervention.
-
reducing postrelease hiv risk among male Prison Inmates a peer led intervention
Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1999Co-Authors: Olga Grinstead, Barry Zack, Bonnie Faigeles, Nina Grossman, Leroy BleaAbstract:Male Prison Inmates within 2 weeks of release were recruited to evaluate a prerelease HIV prevention intervention. A total of 414 Inmates were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or to a comparison group. All participants completed a face-to-face survey at baseline; high rates of preincarceration at-risk behavior were reported. Follow-up telephone surveys were completed with 43% of participants; results support the effectiveness of the prerelease intervention. Men who received the intervention were significantly more likely to use a condom the first time they had sex after release from Prison and also were less likely to have used drugs, injected drugs, or shared needles in the first 2 weeks after release from Prison. Implications for the development, implementation, and evaluation of Prison-based HIV prevention programs are discussed.
-
collaborative research to prevent hiv among male Prison Inmates and their female partners
Health Education & Behavior, 1999Co-Authors: Olga Grinstead, Barry Zack, Bonnie FaigelesAbstract:Despite the need for targeted HIV prevention interventions for Prison Inmates, institutional and access barriers have impeded development and evaluation of such programs. Over the past 6 years, the authors have developed a unique collaborative relationship to develop and evaluate HIV prevention interventions for Prison Inmates. The collaboration includes an academic research institution (the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies at the University of California, San Francisco), a community-based organization (Centerforce), and the staff and inmate peer educators inside a state Prison. In this ongoing collaboration, the authors have developed and evaluated a series of HIV prevention interventions for Prison Inmates and for women who visit Prison Inmates. Results of these studies support the feasibility and effectiveness of HIV prevention programs for Inmates and their partners both in Prison and in the community. Access and institutional barriers to HIV intervention research in Prisons can be overcome through the development of collaborative research partnerships.
