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Rick Sarre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Privatisation of Police: Themes from Australia
    The Private Sector and Criminal Justice, 2017
    Co-Authors: Rick Sarre, Timothy James Prenzler
    Abstract:

    This chapter examines the role of Private Security Personnel in the contemporary provision of Security and protection services in Australia. Drawing on previous extensive work by the authors, the analysis explores several partnerships between the public police and Private Security Personnel, identifying factors upon which good cooperative public/Private partnerships can be and are being built. In so doing, the discussion identifies a range of health, safety and welfare risks that both Security Personnel, as well as those with whom they come into contact, are exposed to as a result of their routine practices. It also considers whether current regulatory models meet the required standards of acceptable transparency and accountability. The chapter concludes by suggesting how the law may need to be adjusted to accommodate better the changing nature of the public/Private policing landscape.

  • Policing Major Events in Australia: A Private Security Model of Police Cooperation
    Policing Major Events, 2014
    Co-Authors: Rick Sarre
    Abstract:

    Can police alone solve the problem of violence and disorder? The simple answer is no. Indeed, governments and Private citizens are now relying more and more upon Private Security Personnel for their protection and crime prevention. But risks to policing “legitimacy” arise when Private agents assume general policing tasks, especially given the scandals over Security officer conduct in recent years in Australia. There has been, for example, the infiltration of nightclub Security by organized crime figures trading in illicit drugs. There have been widespread problems with serious assaults by crowd controllers. There remains a suspicion among many senior police that Private operators are simply “cowboys.” As a result of these scandals (and the perceptions that arise therefrom), major reforms have been introduced in Australia to strengthen Private Security licensing regimes and increase training requirements. These reforms have been crucial to building public confidence in Security industry Personnel with whom police now interact on a daily basis. In order to ensure that these cooperative endeavors work successfully, there is a growing need for the law to accommodate better the public/Private policing landscape. The issues arising from these concerns are dealt with in the pages that follow.

  • Issues in courtroom Security: A key role for the Private sector in Australia and New Zealand
    Security Journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Rick Sarre, Timothy James Prenzler
    Abstract:

    There are two important trends emerging in the science of court Security worldwide. The first is the trend towards Security and risk management, and the heightened responsibility that now rests with the courts to protect those who work or visit there. This trend comes in response to a number of incidents in which people have been killed or injured at the hands of offenders in and around law court buildings. The second is the trend to courts administrators contracting with Private Security Personnel. Over the last quarter century, and around the world, there has been a widespread shifting of Security functions from public to Private hands. Today, Private sector employees are well recognized as important players in prisoner transport and court Security generally. Such contracting ‘in’ of Security services has much to offer those responsible for risk management of courts. Using a case study approach, and drawing upon examples of law courts from jurisdictions across Australia and New Zealand, the authors conclude that it is possible to secure courtrooms to a far greater degree than has been the case in the past without jeopardizing the important feature of curial ‘openness’.

  • Pluralised Policing in Australia: Answering the Questions
    2012
    Co-Authors: Rick Sarre, Timothy James Prenzler
    Abstract:

    There has been an undeniable shift in public thinking in recent years about privatised forms of policing. In the past it was nearly impossible to conceive of Private Security Personnel operating entirely in the public interest, especially when considering Australia's national Security and anti-terrorism strategies. That notion has been consistently challenged in the last decade, as public expectations regarding Security have increased, and as policy-makers and the public alike have become increasingly comfortable with Private policing endeavours. The faith shown in the Private sector in relation to getting policing and Security tasks done effectively and efficiently has largely borne fruit. This paper answers some of the commonly asked questions that continue to arise where policing is becoming more 'pluralised' every day.

  • Private policing in the former Yugoslavia: a menace to society?
    2010
    Co-Authors: R. Van Steden, Rick Sarre
    Abstract:

    Purpose: This paper aims to give an empirical overview of the ‘privatization’ of Security (or, in a more narrow sense, policing) services within the former countries of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia namely, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro. Observations are put in light of the extant literature on Private policing worldwide. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper draws on a literature review of academic publications, NGO-reports and other relevant written sources. Findings: Although it is not possible to offer a full picture of the current developments in the region, we argue that the rise of Private Security markets shows significant variety throughout former Yugoslavian countries, as does the level of state regulation. Moreover, contrary to the views of doomsayers critical of the provision of commercial Security, academics and observers alike are optimistic about Private Security Personnel becoming a legitimate and stabilizing presence in post-conflict zones such as the Balkans. Research implications: The persistence of divergence in Private policing trajectories within the former Yugoslavia underscores the need for more detailed cross-national studies that take account of differences, as well as similarities, in how commercial Security industries are governed and regulated by state institutions. Practical implications: Public as well as Private policy-makers in the field of Security serve as appropriate anchor points to facilitate, direct and regulate Private policing activities across the former Yugoslav republics. Originality/Value: The growing body of knowledge on Private policing is heavily suffused by predominantly North American, Canadian, British and Australian studies. Nonetheless, research from countries outside the English speaking world has much to contribute to an understanding of Private Security industries. An examination of the Balkan countries that emerged from the breakup of Yugoslavia is particularly interesting when viewed as a post-conflict legacy.

Timothy James Prenzler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Privatisation of Police: Themes from Australia
    The Private Sector and Criminal Justice, 2017
    Co-Authors: Rick Sarre, Timothy James Prenzler
    Abstract:

    This chapter examines the role of Private Security Personnel in the contemporary provision of Security and protection services in Australia. Drawing on previous extensive work by the authors, the analysis explores several partnerships between the public police and Private Security Personnel, identifying factors upon which good cooperative public/Private partnerships can be and are being built. In so doing, the discussion identifies a range of health, safety and welfare risks that both Security Personnel, as well as those with whom they come into contact, are exposed to as a result of their routine practices. It also considers whether current regulatory models meet the required standards of acceptable transparency and accountability. The chapter concludes by suggesting how the law may need to be adjusted to accommodate better the changing nature of the public/Private policing landscape.

  • Issues in courtroom Security: A key role for the Private sector in Australia and New Zealand
    Security Journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Rick Sarre, Timothy James Prenzler
    Abstract:

    There are two important trends emerging in the science of court Security worldwide. The first is the trend towards Security and risk management, and the heightened responsibility that now rests with the courts to protect those who work or visit there. This trend comes in response to a number of incidents in which people have been killed or injured at the hands of offenders in and around law court buildings. The second is the trend to courts administrators contracting with Private Security Personnel. Over the last quarter century, and around the world, there has been a widespread shifting of Security functions from public to Private hands. Today, Private sector employees are well recognized as important players in prisoner transport and court Security generally. Such contracting ‘in’ of Security services has much to offer those responsible for risk management of courts. Using a case study approach, and drawing upon examples of law courts from jurisdictions across Australia and New Zealand, the authors conclude that it is possible to secure courtrooms to a far greater degree than has been the case in the past without jeopardizing the important feature of curial ‘openness’.

  • Making the Most of Security Technology
    Policing and Security in Practice, 2012
    Co-Authors: Roderick Alexander Draper, Jessica Ritchie, Timothy James Prenzler
    Abstract:

    Rapid growth in the number of Private Security Personnel in the last few decades has been matched by enormous expansion and diversification in Security technology. The drive to supplement or replace Security guards with Security devices has led to the availability of a very wide and potentially confusing array of options as the affordability and accessibility of Security technology have improved. However, it could be argued that many organizations do not fully realize the available return on their investments in this area. Failure to adequately define objectives and functional requirements can lead to poor decision making that results in system vulnerabilities. Security technology should not be viewed as a stand-alone function served by discrete technology, but rather it should be located within a holistic framework where strategic objectives are supported by a range of overlapping systems and processes. With this in mind, the chapter explores ways of understanding the underlying considerations and improving the functionality and cost effectiveness of crime prevention technologies within a comprehensive risk management framework. A wide array of Security devices is available — from anti-counterfeiting technologies, through advanced locking mechanisms, to anti-malware computer software. The chapter focuses on three of these — alarm systems, electronic access control and CCTV — but within a framework of generic principles that should inform the introduction and ongoing use of all Security technologies.

  • Pluralised Policing in Australia: Answering the Questions
    2012
    Co-Authors: Rick Sarre, Timothy James Prenzler
    Abstract:

    There has been an undeniable shift in public thinking in recent years about privatised forms of policing. In the past it was nearly impossible to conceive of Private Security Personnel operating entirely in the public interest, especially when considering Australia's national Security and anti-terrorism strategies. That notion has been consistently challenged in the last decade, as public expectations regarding Security have increased, and as policy-makers and the public alike have become increasingly comfortable with Private policing endeavours. The faith shown in the Private sector in relation to getting policing and Security tasks done effectively and efficiently has largely borne fruit. This paper answers some of the commonly asked questions that continue to arise where policing is becoming more 'pluralised' every day.

  • Growth, scandal and reform in the Australian Security industry
    2007
    Co-Authors: Timothy James Prenzler, Rick Sarre, Karen Earle
    Abstract:

    Police necessarily retain the major role in enforcing the law after crimes have been committed and offenders have been apprehended. However, given that public sector policing draws heavily on equipment supplied by Private providers, and that public police officers have many offenders handed over to them by the Private sector, Private Security could be considered 'the primary protective resource' - as argued by Pastor in the American context (Pastor 2003, p44). Despite this, there is very little information publicly available on the range, size and scope of Security industries in Australia, and there is no comprehensive study of the growth of these industries, the functions of their different components, how they relate to each other, and the effectiveness of different regulatory strategies. Research currently being undertaken jointly at the University of South Australia and Griffith University which aims to provide a comprehensive study into these issues. The anticipated results of this research will be to provide options for improved Private Security regulation; improved safety for Private Security Personnel and the public; clearer legal protection for Security Personnel; and advice on good models for Private / public policing relationships. The research, for an ARC Linkage grant, began in January 2007 and is due to be completed by December 2009. Over the course of the project the researchers will conduct a number of surveys and interviews with regulatory agencies, Private Security organisations, police and key stakeholders. As the research evolves, detailed information will inform the development of discussion papers, recommendations for industry development and models of best practice.

Mike Dee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Urban public space and the marginalisation of children and young people
    2015
    Co-Authors: Mike Dee
    Abstract:

    In the 21st century city, public space for a range of users, but especially children and young people, has come under threat. Watson proposed that “public space itself has come under attack from several directions-thematisation, enclosure into malls and other controlled spaces, and privatisation, or from urban planning and design interventions to erase its uniqueness”. Largely as a result of these trends, Scott observed that “young urbanites form a marginalised age class movement is restricted, out of fear and distrust, within aims to protect, monitored by city surveillance methods within the Security-obsessed fabric”. The use of public space by children and young people is a contentious issue in a number of countries and a range of measures deployed to control public space curtail the rights of children and young people to claim the space for their use through curfews, oppressive camera surveillance and at times, the unwarranted attentions of police and Private Security Personnel.

  • Children, Young People and their Social and Spatial Citizenship Rights
    2003
    Co-Authors: Mike Dee
    Abstract:

    The use of public space by children and young people is a contentious issue in a number of developed and developing countries and a range of measures are frequently deployed to control the public space which usually deny the rights of children and young people to claim the space for their use. Child and youth curfews, oppressive camera surveillance and the unwarranted attentions of police and Private Security Personnel as control measures in public space undermine attempts to secure greater participation by children and young people in constructing positive strategies to address concerns that impact on them and others in a local area. Evidence from research in Scotland undertaken by Article 12 (2000) suggests that young people felt strongly that they did not count in local community matters and decision making and the imposition on them of a curfew by the adult world of the local area created resentment both at the harshness of the measure and disappointment at an opportunity lost to be consulted and involved in dealing with perceived problems of the locality. This is an important cluster of linked issues as Brown (1998:116) argues that young people are ‘selectively constructed as “problem” and “other” with their concerns marginalised, their lifestyles problematised and their voices subdued’, and this flows into their use of public space as their claims to its use as an aspect of social citizenship are usually cast as inferior or rejected as they ‘stand outside the formal polity’ as ‘non persons’. This has major implications for the ways in which young people view their position in a community as many report a feeling of not being wanted, valued or tolerated. The ‘youth question’ according to Davis (1990) acts as a form of ‘screen’ on which observers and analysts project hopes and fears about the state of society, while in the view of Loader (1996:89) the ‘question of young people’ sits within a discourse comprising two elements, the one being youth, particularly young males, as the ‘harbinger of often unwelcome social change and threat’ and the other element ‘constructs young people as vulnerable’. This discourse of threat is further exemplified in the separation of children from teenagers as Valentine (1996) suggests, the treatment of younger children using public space is often dramatically different to that of older children and the most feared stage of all, 'youth'

Alison Wakefield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Public Surveillance Functions of Private Security
    Surveillance & Society, 2002
    Co-Authors: Alison Wakefield
    Abstract:

    This paper is concerned with arguably the most pervasive body of watchers in society, Private Security Personnel. Set in the context of the rapid post-war expansion of both mass Private property and Private Security, the contention of the paper is that the inter-dependency between these two industries is key to understanding the significance of surveillance as a form of governance in privatised urban spaces. Drawing on an empirical study of Private Security in three settings: a cultural centre, a shopping centre and a retail and leisure complex, it is argued that surveillance practices represented much more than an approach to policing and crime prevention in these venues, and were central to broader management strategies for the three centres. These surveillance practices also became the basis for collaborative working with the police. In the conclusion, a number of concerns are raised with respect to the policing aspects of surveillance, in relation to both commercial and public policing objectives and the human rights and civil liberties being eroded along the way.

D’andrea K. Joseph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.