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James L Hanula - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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developmental biology of leptoypha mutica hemiptera tingidae on chinese Privet lamiales oleaceae
Journal of Entomological Science, 2017Co-Authors: J Kalina, S K Braman, James L HanulaAbstract:Abstract The native lace bug, Leptoypha mutica Say (Hemiptera: Tingidae), has demonstrated potential as an insect biological control agent of invasive Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour). To better evaluate its potential to establish on a new host, developmental biology on Chinese Privet was studied at temperatures of 20°C, 24°C, 28°C, and 32°C. The complete duration of development of L. mutica from egg deposition through five instars on this previously unreported host ranged from 24.4 to 57.1 d. Estimated threshold temperatures and calculated thermal unit requirements for egg development were 11.0°C and 211.9 degree-days (DD); for nymphal development, 9.9°C and 326.8 DD; and for complete development, 10.5°C and 527.4 DD. Results of this study indicate that L. mutica will oviposit and can develop successfully on Chinese Privet over a range of temperatures suggesting the potential for multiple generations to occur in a single season.
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host utilization of chinese Privet lamiales oleaceae and host choice by leptoypha mutica hemiptera tingidae
Journal of Entomological Science, 2017Co-Authors: J Kalina, S K Braman, James L HanulaAbstract:Abstract Exotic lace bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) have previously been evaluated for potential biocontrol of pervasive, exotic Chinese Privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour. This study was conducted to determine if a native lace bug, Leptoypha mutica Say, could utilize Chinese Privet and to determine the lace bug's preferred host plant. A no-choice test determined the lace bug's acceptance and utilization of three plant hosts: fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.), swamp Privet (Foresteria acuminata Michx), and Chinese Privet, based on frass production, oviposition, and survival of lace bugs. Choice tests in the laboratory and the field evaluated lace bug preference among swamp Privet, Chinese Privet, and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh). All plant hosts supported the lace bugs in laboratory assays, but fewer eggs were produced on Chinese Privet. Green ash was the most preferred while Chinese and swamp Privet were equally preferred. These laboratory results were consistent with a field choice test and f...
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fundamental host range of leptoypha hospita hemiptera tingidae a potential biological control agent of chinese Privet
Environmental Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Yanzhuo Zhang, James L Hanula, Scott Horn, Cera Jones, Kristine S Braman, Jianghua SunAbstract:Chinese Privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour., is an invasive shrub within riparian areas of the southeastern United States. Biological control is considered the most suitable management option for Chinese Privet. The potential host range of the lace bug, Leptoypha hospita Drake et Poor, was evaluated on the basis of adult feeding and oviposition, combined oviposition–nymphal development no-choice tests, nymphal development no-choice tests, multiple generation comparison on Forestiera pubescens Nutt. and L. sinense no-choice tests, and multiple-choice tests with 45 plant species in 13 families. No-choice tests showed that the host range of L. hospita was restricted to the tribe Oleeae. In adult feeding and oviposition no-choice tests, the bug fed and oviposited significantly more on Chinese Privet than all other test plant species except for three native Forestiera spp., two nonnative Syringa spp., and another exotic Ligustrum sp. Among those, only F. pubescens supported complete development in numbers comparable to Chinese Privet. However, when reared for multiple generations lace bugs reared on F. pubescens were smaller and had lower fecundity than those reared on L. sinense , suggesting F. pubescens is not an optimal host. In multiple-choice tests, L. hospita displayed a strong preference for feeding and ovipositing on Chinese Privet over other test plant species, with the exception of the closely related nonnative Syringa spp. and its congenic species Ligustrum vulgare. The results of this study suggest that the risk to nontarget plant species in North America is minimal, and L. hospita would be a promising candidate for Chinese Privet biological control.
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removal of an invasive shrub chinese Privet ligustrum sinense lour reduces exotic earthworm abundance and promotes recovery of native north american earthworms
Applied Soil Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Joshua W Lobe, Mac A Callaham, Paul F Hendrix, James L HanulaAbstract:a b s t r a c t This study investigated the possibility of a facilitative relationship between Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) and exotic earthworms, in the southeastern region of the USA. Earthworms and selected soil properties were sampled five years after experimental removal of Privet from flood plain forests of the Georgia Piedmont region. The earthworm communities and soil properties were compared between sites with Privet, Privet removal sites, and reference sites where Privet had never established. Results showed that introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus rubellus, and Octolasion tyr- taeum) were more prevalent under Privet cover, and Privet removal reduced their relative abundance (from >90% to ∼70%) in the community. Conversely, the relative abundance of native species (Diplocardia michaelsenii) increased fourfold with Privet removal and was highest in reference sites. Soils under Privet were characterized by significantly higher pH relative to reference plots and Privet removal facilitated a significant reduction in pH. These results suggest that Privet-mediated effects on soil pH may confer a competitive advantage to European lumbricid earthworms. Furthermore, removal of the invasive shrub appears to reverse the changes in soil pH, and may allow for recovery of native earthworm fauna. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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impacts of removing chinese Privet from riparian forests on plant communities and tree growth five years later
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Jacob R Hudson, James L Hanula, Scott HornAbstract:An invasive shrub, Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.), was removed from heavily infested riparian forests in the Georgia Piedmont in 2005 by mulching machine or chainsaw felling. Subsequent herbicide treatment eliminated almost all Privet by 2007. Recovery of plant communities, return of Chinese Privet, and canopy tree growth were measured on removal plots and heavily invaded control plots in 2012 approximately five years after complete removal of Privet. Plant communities were also measured on three ‘desired future condition’ plots which were never heavily infested with Privet. These areas provided a goal condition for plant communities on removal plots. Approximately 7% of mulched plots and 3% of felling plots were re-infested by Chinese Privet. In contrast, non-Privet herbaceous plants covered 70% of mulched plots and 60% of felling plots compared to only 20% of untreated control plots and 70% in desired plots. Both mulched and felled plots had more plant species than the control plots, and mulched plots had more species than felled plots. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination indicated that control, removal, and desired future condition plots had three distinct plant communities but the methods used to remove Privet did not result in different communities. There was no difference in growth of canopy trees in removal and control plots five years after removal. Removing Chinese Privet from riparian areas is beneficial to plant communities, promoting biodiversity and secondary succession while progressing toward a desired condition regardless of the method used to remove it.
Scott Horn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fundamental host range of leptoypha hospita hemiptera tingidae a potential biological control agent of chinese Privet
Environmental Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Yanzhuo Zhang, James L Hanula, Scott Horn, Cera Jones, Kristine S Braman, Jianghua SunAbstract:Chinese Privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour., is an invasive shrub within riparian areas of the southeastern United States. Biological control is considered the most suitable management option for Chinese Privet. The potential host range of the lace bug, Leptoypha hospita Drake et Poor, was evaluated on the basis of adult feeding and oviposition, combined oviposition–nymphal development no-choice tests, nymphal development no-choice tests, multiple generation comparison on Forestiera pubescens Nutt. and L. sinense no-choice tests, and multiple-choice tests with 45 plant species in 13 families. No-choice tests showed that the host range of L. hospita was restricted to the tribe Oleeae. In adult feeding and oviposition no-choice tests, the bug fed and oviposited significantly more on Chinese Privet than all other test plant species except for three native Forestiera spp., two nonnative Syringa spp., and another exotic Ligustrum sp. Among those, only F. pubescens supported complete development in numbers comparable to Chinese Privet. However, when reared for multiple generations lace bugs reared on F. pubescens were smaller and had lower fecundity than those reared on L. sinense , suggesting F. pubescens is not an optimal host. In multiple-choice tests, L. hospita displayed a strong preference for feeding and ovipositing on Chinese Privet over other test plant species, with the exception of the closely related nonnative Syringa spp. and its congenic species Ligustrum vulgare. The results of this study suggest that the risk to nontarget plant species in North America is minimal, and L. hospita would be a promising candidate for Chinese Privet biological control.
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impacts of removing chinese Privet from riparian forests on plant communities and tree growth five years later
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Jacob R Hudson, James L Hanula, Scott HornAbstract:An invasive shrub, Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.), was removed from heavily infested riparian forests in the Georgia Piedmont in 2005 by mulching machine or chainsaw felling. Subsequent herbicide treatment eliminated almost all Privet by 2007. Recovery of plant communities, return of Chinese Privet, and canopy tree growth were measured on removal plots and heavily invaded control plots in 2012 approximately five years after complete removal of Privet. Plant communities were also measured on three ‘desired future condition’ plots which were never heavily infested with Privet. These areas provided a goal condition for plant communities on removal plots. Approximately 7% of mulched plots and 3% of felling plots were re-infested by Chinese Privet. In contrast, non-Privet herbaceous plants covered 70% of mulched plots and 60% of felling plots compared to only 20% of untreated control plots and 70% in desired plots. Both mulched and felled plots had more plant species than the control plots, and mulched plots had more species than felled plots. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination indicated that control, removal, and desired future condition plots had three distinct plant communities but the methods used to remove Privet did not result in different communities. There was no difference in growth of canopy trees in removal and control plots five years after removal. Removing Chinese Privet from riparian areas is beneficial to plant communities, promoting biodiversity and secondary succession while progressing toward a desired condition regardless of the method used to remove it.
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removing chinese Privet from riparian forests still benefits pollinators five years later
Biological Conservation, 2013Co-Authors: Jacob R Hudson, James L Hanula, Scott HornAbstract:Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) is an invasive shrub of the Southeastern U.S. that forms dense stands and limits biodiversity. It was removed from heavily infested riparian forests of the Georgia Piedmont in 2005 by mulching machine or chainsaw felling and subsequent herbicide application. Abundance and species richness of bees and butterflies were sampled using pan traps on removal plots, heavily invaded control plots, and reference plots in 2012, approximately five years after complete removal of Privet. Removal plots had nearly three times as many species as control plots and were similar to reference plots in numbers of species. Traps on removal plots captured four times more individuals than those on control plots and similar numbers to reference plots. Bee and butterfly abundance and richness were positively correlated with non-Privet plant cover, diversity, and evenness and negatively correlated with Privet shrub cover. Removing Chinese Privet from riparian forests had a beneficial effect on insect pollinator communities five years after removal and is a relatively simple method of improving pollinator habitat. These findings provide justification for allocating resources for invasive shrub species removal to support long term conservation of these important insect groups and the ecological services they provide. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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evaluation of the impacts of herbivory by lace bugs on chinese Privet ligustrum sinense survival and physiology
Biological Control, 2013Co-Authors: Yanzhuo Zhang, James L Hanula, Scott Horn, Joseph J Obrien, Braman Kris, Jianghua SunAbstract:Abstract Biological control of Chinese Privet, Ligustrum sinense, is the best long-term option for control of this widespread invasive plant in the southeastern USA. A pre-release efficacy assessment was conducted by testing the effects of damage caused by a lace bug, Leptoypha hospita, on potted Privet plants in the laboratory. Inoculating 15 pairs of lace bug adults on plants resulted in a significantly higher defoliation rate and reduced leaf biomass by more than 59% compared to 0 and 3 lace bug pairs. Leaf biomass of plants inoculated with 3 and 9 pairs of lace bug did not differ significantly from control plants. The percentage of the total leaf area affected by lace bug feeding was positively correlated with the density of lace bugs inoculated. This was also evident by the reduced chlorophyll content of leaves exposed to 9 and 15 pairs of lace bugs and their offspring. Our tests showed that one generation of feeding by the lace bug caused significant defoliation as well as reduced photosynthetic activity of remaining leaves. Continuous long term feeding by the lace bug or other potential defoliating insects could result in suppression of Chinese Privet populations and possibly reduction to desirable levels.
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removing an invasive shrub chinese Privet increases native bee diversity and abundance in riparian forests of the southeastern united states
Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2011Co-Authors: James L Hanula, Scott HornAbstract:1. Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.) was removed from riparian forests in the Piedmont of Georgia in November 2005 by mulching with a track-mounted mulching machine or by chainsaw felling. The remaining Privet in the herbaceous layer was killed with herbicide in December 2006. 2. Bee (Hymentoptera: Apoidea) abundance, diversity and community similarity in the forests were measured for 2 years after shrub removal and compared with heavily invaded controls and with non-invaded forests (desired future condition) using pan traps. 3. In 2006, control plots averaged 8.8 species and 34.8 bees per plot. Privet mulching resulted in 32.5 bee species and 418.3 bees per plot, and Privet felling plots had 29 species and 259 bees per plot. In 2007, control plots averaged only10 species per plot and 32.8 bees per plot, while mulched and felled plots had 48 and 38 species per plot and 658.2 and 382.5 bees per plot, respectively. 4. The bee community on untreated control plots was dissimilar from the communities on Privet felling, mulched and desired future condition plots during both years; however, by 2007, desired future condition, felling and mulched plots had similar bee communities. 5. Removal of an invasive shrub provided immediate benefits for native pollinators and resulted in bee communities similar to non-invaded forests even without further restoration of native plant communities.
Sead Sabanadzovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a novel ilarvirus is associated with Privet necrotic ringspot disease in the southern united states
Phytopathology, 2016Co-Authors: Nina Aboughanemsabanadzovic, Ronald C Stephenson, Amanda M Lawrence, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Sead SabanadzovicAbstract:Necrotic ringspot disease (NRSD) is a graft-transmissible disorder of Privet (synonym ligustrum), originally reported from Florida and Louisiana more than 50 years ago. In this communication we report an isometric virus isolated from Japanese Privet (Ligustrum japonicum) collected in the southern United States displaying symptoms resembling those of NRSD. In mechanical transmission tests, the virus induced systemic infections in several herbaceous hosts. Double-stranded RNA analysis showed a pattern resembling replicative forms of members of the family Bromoviridae. The genome organization along with phylogenetic analyses and serological tests revealed that the virus belongs to subgroup 1 of the genus Ilarvirus. Pairwise comparisons with recognized ilarviruses indicated that the virus is a distinct, and as yet, undescribed member in the taxon, for which we propose the name Privet ringspot virus (PrRSV). Furthermore, the near-perfect association of PrRSV infections with symptoms, and apparent absence of an...
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a novel ilarvirus is associated with Privet necrotic ringspot disease in the southern united states
Phytopathology, 2016Co-Authors: Nina Aboughanemsabanadzovic, Ronald C Stephenson, Amanda M Lawrence, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Sead SabanadzovicAbstract:Necrotic ringspot disease (NRSD) is a graft-transmissible disorder of Privet (synonym ligustrum), originally reported from Florida and Louisiana more than 50 years ago. In this communication we report an isometric virus isolated from Japanese Privet (Ligustrum japonicum) collected in the southern United States displaying symptoms resembling those of NRSD. In mechanical transmission tests, the virus induced systemic infections in several herbaceous hosts. Double-stranded RNA analysis showed a pattern resembling replicative forms of members of the family Bromoviridae. The genome organization along with phylogenetic analyses and serological tests revealed that the virus belongs to subgroup 1 of the genus Ilarvirus. Pairwise comparisons with recognized ilarviruses indicated that the virus is a distinct, and as yet, undescribed member in the taxon, for which we propose the name Privet ringspot virus (PrRSV). Furthermore, the near-perfect association of PrRSV infections with symptoms, and apparent absence of any other virus(es) in studied samples, strongly suggest an important role of this virus in the etiology of NRSD of Privet in the southeastern United States.
Nina Aboughanemsabanadzovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification and characterization of Privet leaf blotch associated virus a novel idaeovirus
Molecular Plant Pathology, 2017Co-Authors: Beatriz Navarro, Nina Aboughanemsabanadzovic, Giuliana Loconsole, Annalisa Giampetruzzi, Antonio Ragozzino, Ester Ragozzino, Francesco Di SerioAbstract:A novel virus has been identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in Privet (Ligustrum japonicum L.) affected by a graft-transmissible disease characterized by leaf blotch symptoms resembling infectious variegation, a virus-like Privet disease with an unclear aetiology. This virus, which has been tentatively named 'Privet leaf blotch-associated virus' (PrLBaV), was absent in non-symptomatic Privet plants, as revealed by NGS and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Molecular characterization of PrLBaV showed that it has a segmented genome composed of two positive single-stranded RNAs, one of which (RNA1) is monocistronic and codes for the viral replicase, whereas the other (RNA2) contains two open reading frames (ORFs), ORF2a and ORF2b, coding for the putative movement (p38) and coat (p30) proteins, respectively. ORF2b is very probably expressed through a subgenomic RNA starting with six nucleotides (AUAUCU) that closely resemble those found in the 5'-terminal end of genomic RNA1 and RNA2 (AUAUUU and AUAUAU, respectively). The molecular signatures identified in the PrLBaV RNAs and proteins resemble those of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), currently the only member of the genus Idaeovirus. These data, together with phylogenetic analyses, are consistent with the proposal of considering PrLBaV as a representative of the second species in the genus Idaeovirus. Transient expression of a recombinant PrLBaV p38 fused to green fluorescent protein in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, coupled with confocal laser scanning microscopy assays, showed that it localizes at cell plasmodesmata, strongly supporting its involvement in viral movement/trafficking and providing the first functional characterization of an idaeovirus encoded protein.
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a novel ilarvirus is associated with Privet necrotic ringspot disease in the southern united states
Phytopathology, 2016Co-Authors: Nina Aboughanemsabanadzovic, Ronald C Stephenson, Amanda M Lawrence, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Sead SabanadzovicAbstract:Necrotic ringspot disease (NRSD) is a graft-transmissible disorder of Privet (synonym ligustrum), originally reported from Florida and Louisiana more than 50 years ago. In this communication we report an isometric virus isolated from Japanese Privet (Ligustrum japonicum) collected in the southern United States displaying symptoms resembling those of NRSD. In mechanical transmission tests, the virus induced systemic infections in several herbaceous hosts. Double-stranded RNA analysis showed a pattern resembling replicative forms of members of the family Bromoviridae. The genome organization along with phylogenetic analyses and serological tests revealed that the virus belongs to subgroup 1 of the genus Ilarvirus. Pairwise comparisons with recognized ilarviruses indicated that the virus is a distinct, and as yet, undescribed member in the taxon, for which we propose the name Privet ringspot virus (PrRSV). Furthermore, the near-perfect association of PrRSV infections with symptoms, and apparent absence of an...
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a novel ilarvirus is associated with Privet necrotic ringspot disease in the southern united states
Phytopathology, 2016Co-Authors: Nina Aboughanemsabanadzovic, Ronald C Stephenson, Amanda M Lawrence, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Sead SabanadzovicAbstract:Necrotic ringspot disease (NRSD) is a graft-transmissible disorder of Privet (synonym ligustrum), originally reported from Florida and Louisiana more than 50 years ago. In this communication we report an isometric virus isolated from Japanese Privet (Ligustrum japonicum) collected in the southern United States displaying symptoms resembling those of NRSD. In mechanical transmission tests, the virus induced systemic infections in several herbaceous hosts. Double-stranded RNA analysis showed a pattern resembling replicative forms of members of the family Bromoviridae. The genome organization along with phylogenetic analyses and serological tests revealed that the virus belongs to subgroup 1 of the genus Ilarvirus. Pairwise comparisons with recognized ilarviruses indicated that the virus is a distinct, and as yet, undescribed member in the taxon, for which we propose the name Privet ringspot virus (PrRSV). Furthermore, the near-perfect association of PrRSV infections with symptoms, and apparent absence of any other virus(es) in studied samples, strongly suggest an important role of this virus in the etiology of NRSD of Privet in the southeastern United States.
Volker C Radeloff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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monitoring the invasion of an exotic tree ligustrum lucidum from 1983 to 2006 with landsat tm etm satellite data and support vector machines in cordoba argentina
Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Gregorio I Gavierpizarro, Laura Emilia Hoyos, Tobias Kuemmerle, Susan I Stewart, Cynthia D Huebner, Nicholas S Keuler, Volker C RadeloffAbstract:article i nfo In central Argentina,the Chinese tree glossy Privet (Ligustrum lucidum) isan aggressive invasive speciesreplacing native forests, forming dense stands, and is thus a major conservation concern. Mapping the spread of biological invasions is a necessary first step toward understanding the factors determining invasion patterns. Urban areas may function as propagule sources for glossy Privet because it has been used as a landscaping tree for over a cen- tury.Theobjectivesofthispaperwereto1)mapthepatternsofglossyPrivetexpansionfrom1983to2006usinga
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invasion of glossy Privet ligustrum lucidum and native forest loss in the sierras chicas of cordoba argentina
Biological Invasions, 2010Co-Authors: Laura Emilia Hoyos, Gregorio I Gavierpizarro, Tobias Kuemmerle, Enrique H Bucher, Volker C Radeloff, Paula A TeccoAbstract:Glossy Privet (Ligustrum lucidum) is a tree native to China that successfully invades forests of central Argentina. To fully understand glossy Privet’s ecological effects on native forest, it is necessary to accurately map the distribution of glossy Privet stands and the changes in biodiversity and forest structure of the invaded areas. The objectives of this paper were (1) to map the distribution of glossy Privet stands in an area representative of the Sierras Chicas (Cordoba, Argentina) and (2) compare composition, structure and regeneration between glossy Privet invaded stands and native forest stands. Using four Landsat TM images (October 2005, March, May and July 2006) we mapped the distribution of a glossy Privet-dominated stand using a support vector machine, a non-parametric classifier. We recorded forest structure variables and tree diversity on 105 field plots. Glossy Privet-dominated stands occupied 3,407 ha of the total forested land in the study area (27,758 ha), had an average of 33 glossy Privet trees (dbh > 2.5 cm) per plot and the cover of their shrub and herb strata was substantially reduced compared with native forest. Forest regeneration was dominated by glossy Privet in native forest stands adjacent to glossy Privet-dominated stands. We conclude that in the Sierras Chicas glossy Privet has become a widespread invader, changing the patterns of vertical structure, diversity, and regeneration in native forests.
