The Experts below are selected from a list of 3564 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jennifer Eno Louden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high fidelity specialty mental health probation improves officer practices treatment access and rule compliance
Law and Human Behavior, 2014Co-Authors: Sarah M Manchak, Jennifer L Skeem, Patrick J Kennealy, Jennifer Eno LoudenAbstract:Many probation agencies in the United States assign offenders with mental illness to relatively small specialty caseloads supervised by officers with relevant training, rather than to large general caseloads. Specialty caseloads are designed to improve the process and outcomes of probation, largely by linking these Probationers with psychiatric treatment and avoiding unnecessary violations. In this multimethod, longitudinal matched trial, we tested whether a prototypical specialty agency (n = 183) differed from a traditional agency (n = 176) in officers' practices, Probationers' treatment access, and Probationers' rule violations. The specialty agency yielded significantly (a) better officer practices (e.g., problem solving rather than sanction threats; higher quality relationships with Probationers; more boundary spanning), (b) greater rates of treatment involvement, and (c) lower rates of violation reports than the traditional agency. Additionally, officers' use of sanctions and threats increased Probationers' risk of incurring a probation violation, whereas high-quality officer-Probationer relationships protected against this outcome. When implemented with fidelity, specialty mental health caseloads improved the supervision process for this high-need group.
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Comparing the predictive utility of two screening tools for mental disorder among Probationers.
Psychological assessment, 2012Co-Authors: Jennifer Eno Louden, Jennifer L Skeem, Alishia BlevinsAbstract:To increase the likelihood that Probationers with serious mental disorder can be identified by probation agencies, we tested the utility of two promising mental health screening tools, the K6 and the Brief Jail Mental Health Screen (BJMHS), in identifying Probationers with DSM-IV Axis I mental disorders. In this study, 4,670 Probationers completed the screening tools as part of routine intake procedures at a probation agency. We interviewed a subset of 149 Probationers using a structured clinical interview to determine whether they met criteria for an Axis I anxiety, mood, or psychotic disorder at any point during their lifetimes. The BJMHS correctly identified 77% of Probationers with mental disorder overall, and contrary to our hypotheses, the measure was as sensitive with women as it was with men. Adding items assessing posttraumatic stress disorder provided some incremental utility to the measure. The K6 demonstrated similar levels of sensitivity to the BJMHS when using a lower cutoff score informed by prior research with offenders. Contrary to prior research, we found that the BJMHS was sensitive to mental disorder among female Probationers. We suggest that probation agencies implement either the BJMHS or the K6 as part of their intake procedures to identify Probationers with serious mental disorder so the complex needs of this group can be better addressed.
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supervision practices in specialty mental health probation what happens in officer Probationer meetings
Law and Human Behavior, 2010Co-Authors: Jennifer Eno Louden, Jennifer L Skeem, Jacqueline Camp, Sarah Vidal, Jillian K PetersonAbstract:As the correctional population continues to increase, probation agencies struggle to adequately supervise offenders with unique needs, including those with mental disorder. Although more than 100 U.S. probation agencies have implemented specialty mental health caseloads, little is known about their practices. Based on detailed observations of 83 audio-taped meetings, we examined interactions between Probationers and officers in a prototypic specialty agency, focusing on the extent to which practices comport with evidence-based risk reduction principles. We found that specialty officers (a) more frequently discussed Probationers’ general mental health than any individual criminogenic need, (b) chiefly questioned, directed, affirmed, and supported (rather than confronted) Probationers, and (c) relied more heavily on neutral strategies and positive pressures (e.g., inducements) rather than negative pressures (e.g., threats of incarceration) to monitor and enforce compliance. Implications for “what works” to promote community integration for Probationers with mental disorder are discussed.
Jennifer L Skeem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high fidelity specialty mental health probation improves officer practices treatment access and rule compliance
Law and Human Behavior, 2014Co-Authors: Sarah M Manchak, Jennifer L Skeem, Patrick J Kennealy, Jennifer Eno LoudenAbstract:Many probation agencies in the United States assign offenders with mental illness to relatively small specialty caseloads supervised by officers with relevant training, rather than to large general caseloads. Specialty caseloads are designed to improve the process and outcomes of probation, largely by linking these Probationers with psychiatric treatment and avoiding unnecessary violations. In this multimethod, longitudinal matched trial, we tested whether a prototypical specialty agency (n = 183) differed from a traditional agency (n = 176) in officers' practices, Probationers' treatment access, and Probationers' rule violations. The specialty agency yielded significantly (a) better officer practices (e.g., problem solving rather than sanction threats; higher quality relationships with Probationers; more boundary spanning), (b) greater rates of treatment involvement, and (c) lower rates of violation reports than the traditional agency. Additionally, officers' use of sanctions and threats increased Probationers' risk of incurring a probation violation, whereas high-quality officer-Probationer relationships protected against this outcome. When implemented with fidelity, specialty mental health caseloads improved the supervision process for this high-need group.
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Comparing the predictive utility of two screening tools for mental disorder among Probationers.
Psychological assessment, 2012Co-Authors: Jennifer Eno Louden, Jennifer L Skeem, Alishia BlevinsAbstract:To increase the likelihood that Probationers with serious mental disorder can be identified by probation agencies, we tested the utility of two promising mental health screening tools, the K6 and the Brief Jail Mental Health Screen (BJMHS), in identifying Probationers with DSM-IV Axis I mental disorders. In this study, 4,670 Probationers completed the screening tools as part of routine intake procedures at a probation agency. We interviewed a subset of 149 Probationers using a structured clinical interview to determine whether they met criteria for an Axis I anxiety, mood, or psychotic disorder at any point during their lifetimes. The BJMHS correctly identified 77% of Probationers with mental disorder overall, and contrary to our hypotheses, the measure was as sensitive with women as it was with men. Adding items assessing posttraumatic stress disorder provided some incremental utility to the measure. The K6 demonstrated similar levels of sensitivity to the BJMHS when using a lower cutoff score informed by prior research with offenders. Contrary to prior research, we found that the BJMHS was sensitive to mental disorder among female Probationers. We suggest that probation agencies implement either the BJMHS or the K6 as part of their intake procedures to identify Probationers with serious mental disorder so the complex needs of this group can be better addressed.
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supervision practices in specialty mental health probation what happens in officer Probationer meetings
Law and Human Behavior, 2010Co-Authors: Jennifer Eno Louden, Jennifer L Skeem, Jacqueline Camp, Sarah Vidal, Jillian K PetersonAbstract:As the correctional population continues to increase, probation agencies struggle to adequately supervise offenders with unique needs, including those with mental disorder. Although more than 100 U.S. probation agencies have implemented specialty mental health caseloads, little is known about their practices. Based on detailed observations of 83 audio-taped meetings, we examined interactions between Probationers and officers in a prototypic specialty agency, focusing on the extent to which practices comport with evidence-based risk reduction principles. We found that specialty officers (a) more frequently discussed Probationers’ general mental health than any individual criminogenic need, (b) chiefly questioned, directed, affirmed, and supported (rather than confronted) Probationers, and (c) relied more heavily on neutral strategies and positive pressures (e.g., inducements) rather than negative pressures (e.g., threats of incarceration) to monitor and enforce compliance. Implications for “what works” to promote community integration for Probationers with mental disorder are discussed.
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Supervision Practices in Specialty Mental Health Probation: What Happens in Officer–Probationer Meetings?
Law and Human Behavior, 2010Co-Authors: Jennifer Eno Louden, Jennifer L Skeem, Jacqueline Camp, Sarah Vidal, Jillian PetersonAbstract:As the correctional population continues to increase, probation agencies struggle to adequately supervise offenders with unique needs, including those with mental disorder. Although more than 100 U.S. probation agencies have implemented specialty mental health caseloads, little is known about their practices. Based on detailed observations of 83 audio-taped meetings, we examined interactions between Probationers and officers in a prototypic specialty agency, focusing on the extent to which practices comport with evidence-based risk reduction principles. We found that specialty officers (a) more frequently discussed Probationers’ general mental health than any individual criminogenic need, (b) chiefly questioned, directed, affirmed, and supported (rather than confronted) Probationers, and (c) relied more heavily on neutral strategies and positive pressures (e.g., inducements) rather than negative pressures (e.g., threats of incarceration) to monitor and enforce compliance. Implications for “what works” to promote community integration for Probationers with mental disorder are discussed.
Thomas J Stopka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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competing priorities that rival health in adults on probation in rhode island substance use recovery employment housing and food intake
BMC Public Health, 2018Co-Authors: Kimberly R Dong, Aviva Must, Alice M Tang, Curt G Beckwith, Thomas J StopkaAbstract:Individuals on probation experience economic disadvantage because their criminal records often prohibit gainful employment, which compromises their ability to access the basic components of wellbeing. Unemployment and underemployment have been studied as distinct phenomenon but no research has examined multiple determinants of health in aggregate or explored how these individuals prioritize each of these factors. This study identified and ranked competing priorities in adults on probation and qualitatively explored how these priorities impact health. We conducted in-depth interviews in 2016 with 22 adults on probation in Rhode Island to determine priority rankings of basic needs. We used Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the literature to guide the priorities we pre-selected for Probationers to rank. Within a thematic analysis framework, we used a modified ranking approach to identify the priorities chosen by participants and explored themes related to the top four ranked priorities. We found that Probationers ranked substance use recovery, employment, housing, and food intake as the top four priorities. Probationers in recovery reported sobriety as the most important issue, a necessary basis to be able to address other aspects of life. Participants also articulated the interrelatedness of difficulties in securing employment, food, and housing; these represent stressors for themselves and their families, which negatively impact health. Participants ranked healthcare last and many reported underinsurance as an issue to accessing care. Adults on probation are often faced with limited economic potential and support systems that consistently place them in high-risk environments with increased risk for recidivism. These findings emphasize the need for policies that address the barriers to securing gainful employment and safe housing. Interventions that reflect Probationer priorities are necessary to begin to mitigate the health disparities in this population.
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Competing priorities that rival health in adults on probation in Rhode Island: substance use recovery, employment, housing, and food intake
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Kimberly R Dong, Aviva Must, Alice M Tang, Curt G Beckwith, Thomas J StopkaAbstract:Abstract Background Individuals on probation experience economic disadvantage because their criminal records often prohibit gainful employment, which compromises their ability to access the basic components of wellbeing. Unemployment and underemployment have been studied as distinct phenomenon but no research has examined multiple determinants of health in aggregate or explored how these individuals prioritize each of these factors. This study identified and ranked competing priorities in adults on probation and qualitatively explored how these priorities impact health. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews in 2016 with 22 adults on probation in Rhode Island to determine priority rankings of basic needs. We used Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the literature to guide the priorities we pre-selected for Probationers to rank. Within a thematic analysis framework, we used a modified ranking approach to identify the priorities chosen by participants and explored themes related to the top four ranked priorities. Results We found that Probationers ranked substance use recovery, employment, housing, and food intake as the top four priorities. Probationers in recovery reported sobriety as the most important issue, a necessary basis to be able to address other aspects of life. Participants also articulated the interrelatedness of difficulties in securing employment, food, and housing; these represent stressors for themselves and their families, which negatively impact health. Participants ranked healthcare last and many reported underinsurance as an issue to accessing care. Conclusions Adults on probation are often faced with limited economic potential and support systems that consistently place them in high-risk environments with increased risk for recidivism. These findings emphasize the need for policies that address the barriers to securing gainful employment and safe housing. Interventions that reflect Probationer priorities are necessary to begin to mitigate the health disparities in this population
Stacey Burgin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Statewide mental health training for probation officers: improving knowledge and decreasing stigma.
Health & justice, 2017Co-Authors: Nikhil Tomar, Marilyn A. Ghezzi, Lauren Brinkley-rubinstein, Amy Elizabeth Wilson, Tonya B. Van Deinse, Stacey Burgin, Gary Steven CuddebackAbstract:The large and growing number of Probationers with mental illnesses pose significant challenges to the Probationer officers who supervise them. Stigma towards mental illnesses among probation officers is largely unstudied and the effectiveness of training initiatives designed to educate probation officers about mental illness is unknown. To address these gaps in the literature, we report findings from a statewide mental health training initiative designed to improve probation officers’ knowledge of mental illnesses. A single-group pretest posttest design was used and data about stigma towards mental illnesses and knowledge of mental illnesses were collected from 316 probation officers. Data were collected prior to and shortly after officers viewed a series of educational training modules about mental illnesses. Officers’ knowledge of mental illnesses increased and officers demonstrated lower levels of stigma towards persons with mental illnesses as evidenced by scores on a standardized scale. Mental health education can help decrease stigma and increase knowledge of mental illnesses among probation officers. More research is needed to assess the impact of these trainings on Probationers’ mental health and criminal justice outcomes.
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Probation Officers’ Perceptions of Supervising Probationers with Mental Illness in Rural and Urban Settings
American Journal of Criminal Justice, 2017Co-Authors: Tonya B. Van Deinse, Amy Elizabeth Wilson, Gary Steven Cuddeback, Stacey BurginAbstract:As part of a larger study of probation workload and workforce challenges in one southeastern state, this study reports the results from a statewide survey of probation officers’ experiences supervising Probationers with mental illness. A total of 615 officers responded to closed- and open-ended questions about the challenges and barriers to supervising offenders with mental illness, and the responses of officers from rural versus urban settings were compared. Officers reported that Probationers with mental illness are difficult to supervise and supervision challenges are exacerbated by a scarcity of mental health and substance abuse treatment resources, limited social support, and a lack of employment opportunities for this population of Probationers. Officers report unique and similar challenges across rural and urban settings. This study contributes to our understanding of the challenges of supervising Probationers with mental illness and informs practice, policy and research at the interface of the criminal justice and mental health systems.
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Statewide mental health training for probation officers: improving knowledge and decreasing stigma
BMC, 2017Co-Authors: Nikhil Tomar, Marilyn A. Ghezzi, Lauren Brinkley-rubinstein, Tonya B. Van Deinse, Stacey Burgin, Amy Blank Wilson, Gary Steven CuddebackAbstract:Abstract Background The large and growing number of Probationers with mental illnesses pose significant challenges to the Probationer officers who supervise them. Stigma towards mental illnesses among probation officers is largely unstudied and the effectiveness of training initiatives designed to educate probation officers about mental illness is unknown. To address these gaps in the literature, we report findings from a statewide mental health training initiative designed to improve probation officers’ knowledge of mental illnesses. A single-group pretest posttest design was used and data about stigma towards mental illnesses and knowledge of mental illnesses were collected from 316 probation officers. Data were collected prior to and shortly after officers viewed a series of educational training modules about mental illnesses. Results Officers’ knowledge of mental illnesses increased and officers demonstrated lower levels of stigma towards persons with mental illnesses as evidenced by scores on a standardized scale. Conclusion Mental health education can help decrease stigma and increase knowledge of mental illnesses among probation officers. More research is needed to assess the impact of these trainings on Probationers’ mental health and criminal justice outcomes
Arthur J. Lurigio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Walking the line: specialized and standard probation officer perspectives on supervising Probationers with serious mental illnesses.
International journal of law and psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: Matthew W. Epperson, Kelli E. Canada, Julian Thompson, Arthur J. LurigioAbstract:Specialized probation programs were developed to more effectively address the unique needs of Probationers with serious mental illnesses. Probation officers are tasked with serving both law enforcement and rehabilitative functions, and officers play an important gatekeeper function in helping Probationers with serious mental illnesses avoid long incarceration sentences. The purpose of this paper was to explore specialized and standard probation officers' work in supervising Probationers with serious mental illnesses. Twenty-one probation officers (11 specialized and 10 standard) participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative analyses examined: 1 - beliefs on the relationship between mental illness and crime; 2 - purpose of specialized and standard probation units; and 3 - approaches to supervising Probationers with serious mental illnesses. Implications for developing more effective probation supervision programs are discussed. Language: en
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Probation Officers' Views on Supervising Women Probationers
Women & Criminal Justice, 2005Co-Authors: Magnus Seng, Arthur J. LurigioAbstract:Abstract At the end of 2002, the number of women Probationers was substantially higher than the number of women inmates. However, much less is known about women Probationers than women inmates. We surveyed and interviewed probation officers to examine their perceptions about the special needs of women Probationers and explored officers' experiences with women Probationers. Probation officers believe women and men on probation have different needs and therefore require different supervision strategies. Results suggest that the multiple problems and challenges female clients present to their officers, and the greater emotionality they express in their interactions with officers, often place considerable demands on officers' time, energy and skills.
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A Comparison of Female and Male Probationers
Women & Criminal Justice, 2000Co-Authors: David E Olson, Arthur J. Lurigio, Magnus SengAbstract:Abstract A majority of women convicted of crimes are sentenced to probation. Although proportionately more women than men receive probation, little is known about female Probationers. The current study is one of the few to compare the backgrounds and case outcomes of women Probationers with those of men. Statewide probation discharge data were used to examine differences between male and female Probationers on their individual characteristics, offense and sentencing variables, and case outcomes and to explore the effect of gender on case outcomes. A number of gender differences were identified across the Probationer, sentencing and case outcome variables examined. In addition, gender had a statistically significant influence on both new arrests and technical violations, after controlling for other variables such as age, race, income, prior involvement in the criminal justice system, conviction offense and sentence length.
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predicting probation outcomes factors associated with probation rearrest revocations and technical violations during supervision
Justice Research and Policy, 2000Co-Authors: David E Olson, Arthur J. LurigioAbstract:We examined probation outcomes in a sample of more than 2,400 discharged adult Probationers in Illinois. We grouped predictor variables into three major categories (Probationer characteristics, off...