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Takashi Asahara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Synbiotics on ileal microbiota.
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2020Co-Authors: Shunichiro Komatsu, Koji Nomoto, Takashi Asahara, Eiji Sakamoto, Masato NaginoAbstract:Background & objectives: Despite advancements in molecular-based methods, the composition of the human ileal microbiota and the effects of Synbiotics/probiotics on its microbes remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the mucus microbiota in the human ileum and to assess the effects of oral administration of Synbiotics on the microbiota. Methods: As part of a clinical trial for Synbiotics treatment and surgical infection, ileal mucus was sampled when resection of the ileocecal portion was required. The microbiota composition was examined using 16S rRNA-targeted real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 33 samples from the Synbiotics group and 39 from the control group were analyzed. Total numbers of bacteria in the ileum were 108.5 cells/g in the Synbiotics group and 108.4 cells/g in the control group, in which obligate anaerobes were dominant over facultative anaerobes. The level of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly lower in the Synbiotics group than in the control group. The administered probiotics species Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota and Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult were detected in 42 and 76 per cent of the Synbiotics group, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between tumour stage/size and the various microbes present, except for a negative correlation between tumour size and Bifidobacterium. Interpretation & conclusions: The present analysis of a substantial number of samples from surgically resected intestines showed an abundance of obligate anaerobes as a characteristic feature of the ileal mucus microbiota. Our results also indicated that the Synbiotics intervention induced a prominent reduction in Enterobacteriaceae in the ileal microbiota.
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Synbiotics modulate gut microbiota and reduce enteritis and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial
Critical Care, 2018Co-Authors: Kentaro Shimizu, Tomoki Yamada, Hiroshi Ogura, Tomoyoshi Mohri, Takeyuki Kiguchi, Satoshi Fujimi, Takashi Asahara, Tomomi Yamada, Masahiro Ojima, Mitsunori IkedaAbstract:Background Commensal microbiota deteriorate in critically ill patients. The preventive effects of probiotic/synbiotic therapy on microbiota and septic complications have not been thoroughly clarified in patients with sepsis. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Synbiotics have effects on gut microbiota and reduce complications in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis. Methods Sepsis patients who were mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in this randomized controlled study. Patients receiving daily Synbiotics ( Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, and galactooligosaccharides) initiated within 3 days after admission (the Synbiotics group) were compared with patients who did not receive Synbiotics (the No-Synbiotics group). The primary outcome was infectious complications including enteritis, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and bacteremia within 4 weeks from admission. The secondary outcomes included mortality within 4 weeks, fecal bacterial counts, and organic acid concentration. Enteritis was defined as the acute onset of continuous liquid stools for more than 12 h. Results Seventy-two patients completed this trial; 35 patients received Synbiotics and 37 patients did not receive Synbiotics. The incidence of enteritis was significantly lower in the Synbiotics than the No-Synbiotics group (6.3% vs. 27.0%; p
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Synbiotics modulate gut microbiota and reduce enteritis and ventilator associated pneumonia in patients with sepsis a randomized controlled trial
Critical Care, 2018Co-Authors: Kentaro Shimizu, Tomoki Yamada, Hiroshi Ogura, Tomoyoshi Mohri, Takeyuki Kiguchi, Satoshi Fujimi, Takashi Asahara, Tomomi Yamada, Masahiro Ojima, Mitsunori IkedaAbstract:Commensal microbiota deteriorate in critically ill patients. The preventive effects of probiotic/synbiotic therapy on microbiota and septic complications have not been thoroughly clarified in patients with sepsis. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Synbiotics have effects on gut microbiota and reduce complications in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis. Sepsis patients who were mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in this randomized controlled study. Patients receiving daily Synbiotics (Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, and galactooligosaccharides) initiated within 3 days after admission (the Synbiotics group) were compared with patients who did not receive Synbiotics (the No-Synbiotics group). The primary outcome was infectious complications including enteritis, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and bacteremia within 4 weeks from admission. The secondary outcomes included mortality within 4 weeks, fecal bacterial counts, and organic acid concentration. Enteritis was defined as the acute onset of continuous liquid stools for more than 12 h. Seventy-two patients completed this trial; 35 patients received Synbiotics and 37 patients did not receive Synbiotics. The incidence of enteritis was significantly lower in the Synbiotics than the No-Synbiotics group (6.3% vs. 27.0%; p < 0.05). The incidence of VAP was also significantly lower in the Synbiotics than the No-Synbiotics group (14.3% vs. 48.6%; p < 0.05). The incidence of bacteremia and mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the analysis of fecal bacteria, the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the Synbiotics group was significantly higher than that in the No-Synbiotics group. In the analysis of fecal organic acids, total organic acid concentration, especially the amounts of acetate, were significantly greater in the Synbiotics group than in the No-Synbiotics group at the first week (p < 0.05). Prophylactic Synbiotics could modulate the gut microbiota and environment and may have preventive effects on the incidence of enteritis and VAP in patients with sepsis. UMIN, R000007633 . Registered on 29 September 2011.
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randomized clinical trial of the effect of perioperative Synbiotics versus no Synbiotics on bacterial translocation after oesophagectomy
British Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Yukihiro Yokoyama, Koji Nomoto, Takashi Asahara, E Nishigaki, Masahide Fukaya, Masato NaginoAbstract:Background The impact of perioperative Synbiotics on bacterial translocation and subsequent bacteraemia after oesophagectomy is unclear. This study investigated the effect of perioperative synbiotic administration on the incidence of bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and the occurrence of postoperative bacteraemia. Methods Patients with oesophageal cancer were randomized to receive perioperative Synbiotics or no Synbiotics (control group). MLNs were harvested from the jejunal mesentery before dissection (MLN-1) and after the restoration of digestive tract continuity (MLN-2). Blood and faeces samples were taken before and after operation. Microorganisms in each sample were detected using a bacterium-specific ribosomal RNA-targeted reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Results Some 42 patients were included. There was a significant difference between the two groups in detection levels of microorganisms in the MLN-1 samples. Microorganisms were more frequently detected in MLN-2 samples in the control group than in the Synbiotics group (10 of 18 versus 3 of 18; P = 0·035). In addition, bacteraemia detected using RT-qPCR 1 day after surgery was more prevalent in the control group than in the Synbiotics group (12 of 21 versus 4 of 21; P = 0·025). Neutrophil counts on postoperative days 1, 2 and 7 after surgery were all significantly higher in the control group than in the Synbiotics group. Conclusion Perioperative use of Synbiotics reduces the incidence of bacteria in the MLNs and blood. These beneficial effects probably contribute to a reduction in the inflammatory response after oesophagectomy. Registration number: ID 000003262 (University Hospital Medical Information Network, http://www.umin.ac.jp).
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impact of perioperative administration of Synbiotics in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy a prospective randomized controlled trial
Surgery, 2012Co-Authors: Koji Tanaka, Koji Nomoto, Takashi Asahara, Masaaki Motoori, Masahiko Yano, Kentaro Kishi, Isao Miyashiro, Masayuki Ohue, Hiroaki Ohigashi, Osamu IshikawaAbstract:Background The clinical value of Synbiotics in patients undergoing esophagectomy remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of Synbiotics on intestinal microflora and surgical outcomes in a clinical setting. Methods We studied 70 patients with esophageal cancer who were scheduled to undergo esophagectomy. They were randomly allocated to 2 groups: 1 group received Synbiotics before and after surgery, and the other did not. Fecal microflora and organic acid concentrations were determined. Postoperative infections, abdominal symptoms, and duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were recorded. Results Of the patients, 64 completed the trial (Synbiotics, 30; control, 34). The counts of beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria in the group given Synbiotics were significantly larger and smaller, respectively, than those in the control group on postoperative day (POD) 7. The concentrations of total organic acid and acetic acid were higher in the Synbiotics group than in the control group (P Conclusion Perioperative administration of Synbiotics in patients with esophagectomy is useful because they suppress excessive inflammatory response and relieve uncomfortable abdominal symptoms through the adjustment of the intestinal microfloral environment.
Glenn R Gibson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an in vitro study of the effect of probiotics prebiotics and Synbiotics on the elderly faecal microbiota
Anaerobe, 2014Co-Authors: Eleni Likotrafiti, Glenn R Gibson, Kieran M Tuohy, Robert A RastallAbstract:The use of dietary intervention in the elderly in order to beneficially modulate their gut microbiota has not been extensively studied. The influence of two probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus fermentum) and two prebiotics [isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) and short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS)], individually and in synbiotic combinations (B. longum with IMO, L. fermentum with FOS) on the gut microbiota of elderly individuals was investigated using faecal batch cultures and three-stage continuous culture systems. Population changes of major bacterial groups were enumerated using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). B. longum and IMO alone significantly increased the Bifidobacterium count after 5 and 10 h of fermentation and their synbiotic combination significantly decreased the Bacteroides count after 5 h of fermentation. L. fermentum and FOS alone significantly increased the Bifidobacterium count after 10 h and 5, 10 and 24 h of fermentation respectively. B. longum with IMO as well as B. longum and IMO alone significantly increased acetic acid concentration during the fermentation in batch cultures. In the three-stage continuous culture systems, both synbiotic combinations increased the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus count in the third vessel representing the distal colon. In addition, the synbiotic combination of L. fermentum with scFOS resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of acetic acid. The results show that the elderly gut microbiota can be modulated in vitro with the appropriate pro-, pre- and Synbiotics.
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development of antimicrobial Synbiotics using potentially probiotic faecal isolates of lactobacillus fermentum and bifidobacterium longum
Anaerobe, 2013Co-Authors: Eleni Likotrafiti, Glenn R Gibson, Kieran M Tuohy, Robert A RastallAbstract:Abstract The aims of the present study were to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium longum, isolated from faeces of healthy elderly individuals, against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli O157:H7) and enteropathogenic E. coli (E. coli O86), to determine the capability of the selected strains to tolerate acid and bile in vitro, to select suitable carbohydrates in order to enhance the growth and maximise antimicrobial activity of the putative probiotic organisms and examine the adhesion properties of the Synbiotics. Antimicrobial activity of the putative probiotics and Synbiotics was investigated by a microtitre method using cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS). Results of the antimicrobial assay showed that both putative probiotic strains produced compounds at pH 5 that lead to higher lag phases of both E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O86. When half the quantity of cell-free culture supernatants of both probiotic strains was used at pH 5, B. longum maintained the same antimicrobial effect against both strains of E. coli, whereas L. fermentum lead to a higher lag phase of E. coli O86 only. Neutralization of the culture supernatants with alkali reduced the antimicrobial effect with only cell-free supernatant of L. fermentum causing lower maximum growth rates of E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O86. L. fermentum appeared to be acid tolerant whereas B. longum was more susceptible to acid and both isolates were bile tolerant. A short chain fructooligosaccharide (scFOS) and an isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) proved to be the most effective substrates, enhancing antimicrobial activity for L. fermentum and B. longum respectively. The adhesion of the synbiotic combinations showed that L. fermentum, exhibited higher percentage of adhesion when grown on glucose and as a synbiotic combination with scFOS whereas B. longum exhibited lowest percentage of adhesion when grown on both glucose and IMO.
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Synbiotics in health and disease
Annual Review of Food Science and Technology - (new in 2010), 2011Co-Authors: Sofia Kolida, Glenn R GibsonAbstract:The synbiotic concept was first introduced, along with prebiotics, as “mixtures of probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affect the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the gastrointestinal tract, by selectively stimulating the growth and/or by activating the metabolism of one or a limited number of health-promoting bacteria, thus improving host welfare” (Gibson & Roberfroid 1995). Since, there have been many in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on the application of prebiotics, firstly in health and gradually in disease states. Only recently have studies on Synbiotics started to emerge with the main focus being on applications against disease. Here, we review the current literature, with the main focus on in vivo human studies.
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in vitro effects of selected Synbiotics on the human faecal microbiota composition
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Delphine M Saulnier, Glenn R Gibson, Sofia KolidaAbstract:Synbiotics are recognized means of modulating gut microbiota composition and activities. However, whether Synbiotics are superior to prebiotics and probiotics alone in moderating the gut microbiota towards a purportedly healthy composition has not been determined. Eight selected Synbiotics (short-chain fructooligosaccharides or fructooligosaccharides, each combined with one of four probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3, Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2 or Bifidobacterium longum 46) were added to 24-h pH-controlled anaerobic faecal batch cultures. The prebiotic and probiotic components were also tested alone to determine their respective role within the synbiotic for modulation of the faecal microbiota. Effects upon major groups of the microbiota were evaluated using FISH. Rifampicin variant probiotic strains were used to assess probiotic levels. Synbiotic and prebiotics increased bifidobacteria and the Eubacterium rectale–Clostridium coccoides group. Lower levels of Escherichia coli were retrieved with these combinations after 5 and 10 h of fermentation. Probiotics alone had little effect upon the groups, however. Multivariate analysis revealed that the effect of Synbiotics differed from the prebiotics as higher levels of Lactobacillus–Enterococcus were observed when the probiotic was stimulated by the prebiotic component. Here, the synbiotic approach was more effective than prebiotic or probiotic alone to modulate the gut microbiota.
Gabriella Christina Van Zanten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In Vitro Screening and Evaluation of Synbiotics
Probiotics Prebiotics and Synbiotics, 2020Co-Authors: Maria Lena Skalkam, Maria Wiese, Dennis S. Nielsen, Gabriella Christina Van ZantenAbstract:Synbiotics, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, have many proposed beneficial effects. While human intervention studies are the “gold standard,” in vitro models are more simple, cheap, and noninvasive for assessment of synbiotic effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Numerous in vitro models simulating upper and lower parts of the GIT exist. They have been used for assessment of Synbiotics with regard to survival of probiotics and effects on gut microbiota, while intestinal cell lines have been applied to investigate effects of Synbiotics on adhesion, barrier function, and genotoxicity resistance. However, the models and methods used are highly variable with regard to a number of parameters, hampering comparability. Future models, simulating the entire GIT, will facilitate a more complete in vitro evaluation of Synbiotics, and standardized guidelines should help increase comparability across different studies.
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Synbiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and cellobiose does not affect human gut bacterial diversity but increases abundance of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and branched-chain fatty acids: a randomized, double-blinded cross-over trial.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Gabriella Christina Van Zanten, Lukasz Krych, Henna Röytiö, Sofia D. Forssten, Sampo J. Lahtinen, Waleed Abu Al-soud, Søren J. Sørensen, Birte Svensson, Lene Jespersen, Mogens JakobsenAbstract:: Probiotics, prebiotics, and combinations thereof, that is Synbiotics, have been reported to modulate gut microbiota of humans. In this study, effects of a novel synbiotic on the composition and metabolic activity of human gut microbiota were investigated. Healthy volunteers (n = 18) were enrolled in a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled cross-over study and received synbiotic [Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (10(9) CFU) and cellobiose (5 g)] or placebo daily for 3 weeks. Fecal samples were collected and lactobacilli numbers were quantified by qPCR. Furthermore, 454 tag-encoded amplicon pyrosequencing was used to monitor the effect of synbiotic on the composition of the microbiota. The synbiotic increased levels of Lactobacillus spp. and relative abundances of the genera Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and Eubacterium while the genus Dialister was decreased (P < 0.05). No other effects were found on microbiota composition. Remarkably, however, the synbiotic increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, measured by gas chromatography, while short-chain fatty acids were not affected.
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the effect of selected Synbiotics on microbial composition and short chain fatty acid production in a model system of the human colon
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Gabriella Christina Van Zanten, Henna Röytiö, Sofia D. Forssten, Sampo J. Lahtinen, Anne Knudsen, Mark Lawther, Andreas Blennow, Mogens JakobsenAbstract:Background Prebiotics, probiotics and Synbiotics can be used to modulate both the composition and activity of the gut microbiota and thereby potentially affecting host health beneficially. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight synbiotic combinations on the composition and activity of human fecal microbiota using a four-stage semicontinuous model system of the human colon.
Natalie Colson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of probiotics and Synbiotics on blood glucose: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Elham Nikbakht, Saman Khalesi, Indu Singh, Lauren Therese Williams, Nicholas P. West, Natalie ColsonAbstract:Purpose High fasting blood glucose (FBG) can lead to chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Consuming probiotics or Synbiotics may improve FBG. A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials was conducted to clarify the effect of probiotic and synbiotic consumption on FBG levels. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched for relevant studies based on eligibility criteria. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials which investigated the efficacy of probiotics or Synbiotics on the FBG of adults were included. Studies were excluded if they were review articles and study protocols, or if the supplement dosage was not clearly mentioned. Results A total of fourteen studies (eighteen trials) were included in the analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for the mean difference in FBG. Overall reduction in FBG observed from consumption of probiotics and Synbiotics was borderline statistically significant (−0.18 mmol/L 95 % CI −0.37, 0.00; p = 0.05). Neither probiotic nor synbiotic subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in FBG. The result of subgroup analysis for baseline FBG level ≥7 mmol/L showed a reduction in FBG of 0.68 mmol/L (−1.07, −0.29 ; ρ
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effect of probiotics and Synbiotics on blood glucose a systematic review and meta analysis of controlled trials
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Elham Nikbakht, Saman Khalesi, Indu Singh, Nicholas P. West, Lauren Williams, Natalie ColsonAbstract:Purpose High fasting blood glucose (FBG) can lead to chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Consuming probiotics or Synbiotics may improve FBG. A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials was conducted to clarify the effect of probiotic and synbiotic consumption on FBG levels.
Lisa Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short chain fatty acids prebiotics Synbiotics and systemic inflammation a systematic review and meta analysis
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Rebecca F Mcloughlin, Bronwyn S Berthon, Megan E Jensen, Katherine J Baines, Lisa WoodAbstract:Background: Prebiotic soluble fibers are fermented by beneficial bacteria in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are proposed to have systemic anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: This review examines the effect of SCFAs, prebiotics, and pre- and probiotic combinations (Synbiotics) on systemic inflammation. Design: Relevant English language studies from 1947 to May 2017 were identified with the use of online databases. Studies were considered eligible if they examined the effects of SCFAs, prebiotics, or Synbiotics; were delivered orally, intravenously, or per rectum; were on biomarkers of systemic inflammation in humans; and performed meta-analysis where possible. Results: Sixty-eight studies were included. Fourteen of 29 prebiotic studies and 13 of 26 synbiotic studies reported a significant decrease in ≥1 marker of systemic inflammation. Eight studies compared prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation, 2 of which reported a decrease in inflammation with Synbiotics only, with 1 reporting a greater anti-inflammatory effect with Synbiotics than with prebiotics alone. Meta-analyses indicated that prebiotics reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.60; 95% CI: -0.98, -0.23], and Synbiotics reduce CRP (SMD: -0.40; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.06) and tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD -0.90; 95% CI: -1.50, -0.30). Conclusions: There is significant heterogeneity of outcomes in studies examining the effect of prebiotics and Synbiotics on systemic inflammation. Approximately 50% of included studies reported a decrease in ≥1 inflammatory biomarker. The inconsistency in reported outcomes may be due to heterogeneity in study design, supplement formulation, dosage, duration, and subject population. Nonetheless, meta-analyses provide evidence to support the systemic anti-inflammatory effects of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation.
