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Elizaveta Solomonova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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different patterns of sleep dependent Procedural Memory consolidation in vipassana meditation practitioners and non meditating controls
Frontiers in Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Elizaveta Solomonova, Simon Dube, Cloe Blanchettecarriere, Dasha A Sandra, Arnaud Samsonricher, Michelle Carr, Tyna Paquette, Tore NielsenAbstract:Aim: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and sleep spindles are all implicated in the consolidation of Procedural memories. Relative contributions of sleep stages and sleep spindles were previously shown to depend on individual differences in task processing. However, no studies to our knowledge have focused on individual differences in experience with Vipassana meditation as related to sleep. Vipassana meditation is a form of mental training that enhances proprioceptive and somatic awareness and alters attentional style. The goal of this study was to examine a potential role for Vipassana meditation experience in sleep-dependent Procedural Memory consolidation. Methods: Groups of Vipassana meditation practitioners (N = 22) and matched meditation-naive controls (N = 20) slept for a daytime nap in the laboratory. Before and after the nap they completed a Procedural task on the Wii Fit balance platform. Results: Meditators performed slightly better on the task before the nap, but the two groups improved similarly after sleep. The groups showed different patterns of sleep-dependent Procedural Memory consolidation: in meditators, task learning was positively correlated with density of slow occipital spindles, while in controls task improvement was positively associated with time in REM sleep. Sleep efficiency and sleep architecture did not differ between groups. Meditation practitioners, however, had a lower density of occipital slow sleep spindles than controls. Conclusion: Results suggest that neuroplastic changes associated with meditation practice may alter overall sleep microarchitecture and reorganize sleep-dependent patterns of Memory consolidation. The lower density of occipital spindles in meditators may mean that meditation practice compensates for some of the Memory functions of sleep.
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Contribution of REM sleep and N2 sleep spindles to Procedural Memory consolidation in Vipassana meditators and non-meditating controls.
2017Co-Authors: Elizaveta Solomonova, Simon Dube, Michelle Carr, Tyna Paquette, Cloé Blanchette-carrière, Arnaud Samson-richer, Tore NielsenAbstract:Study objectives: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and sleep spindles are all implicated in the consolidation of Procedural memories. The relative contributions of sleep stages and sleep spindles was previously shown to depend on individual differences in task processing. Experience with Vipassana meditation is one such individual difference that has not been investigated in relation to sleep. Vipassana meditation is a form of mental training that enhances proprioceptive and somatic awareness and alters attentional style. The goal was thus to examine a potential moderating role for Vipassana meditation experience on sleep-dependent Procedural Memory consolidation.Methods: Groups of Vipassana meditation practitioners (N=20) and matched meditation-naïve controls (N=20) slept for a single daytime nap in the laboratory. Before and after the nap they completed a Procedural task on the Wii Fit balance platform.Results: Meditators performed slightly better on the task before the nap, but the two groups improved similarly after sleep. The groups showed different patterns of sleep-dependent Procedural Memory consolidation: in meditators task learning was negatively correlated with density of fast and positively correlated with density of slow occipital spindles, while in controls task improvement was associated with increases in REM sleep. Meditation practitioners had a lower density of sleep spindles, especially in occipital regions.Conclusions: Results suggest that neuroplastic changes associated with sustained meditation practice may alter overall sleep architecture and reorganize sleep-dependent patterns of Memory consolidation. The lower density of spindles in meditators may mean that meditation practice compensates for some of the Memory functions of sleep.
Tore Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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different patterns of sleep dependent Procedural Memory consolidation in vipassana meditation practitioners and non meditating controls
Frontiers in Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Elizaveta Solomonova, Simon Dube, Cloe Blanchettecarriere, Dasha A Sandra, Arnaud Samsonricher, Michelle Carr, Tyna Paquette, Tore NielsenAbstract:Aim: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and sleep spindles are all implicated in the consolidation of Procedural memories. Relative contributions of sleep stages and sleep spindles were previously shown to depend on individual differences in task processing. However, no studies to our knowledge have focused on individual differences in experience with Vipassana meditation as related to sleep. Vipassana meditation is a form of mental training that enhances proprioceptive and somatic awareness and alters attentional style. The goal of this study was to examine a potential role for Vipassana meditation experience in sleep-dependent Procedural Memory consolidation. Methods: Groups of Vipassana meditation practitioners (N = 22) and matched meditation-naive controls (N = 20) slept for a daytime nap in the laboratory. Before and after the nap they completed a Procedural task on the Wii Fit balance platform. Results: Meditators performed slightly better on the task before the nap, but the two groups improved similarly after sleep. The groups showed different patterns of sleep-dependent Procedural Memory consolidation: in meditators, task learning was positively correlated with density of slow occipital spindles, while in controls task improvement was positively associated with time in REM sleep. Sleep efficiency and sleep architecture did not differ between groups. Meditation practitioners, however, had a lower density of occipital slow sleep spindles than controls. Conclusion: Results suggest that neuroplastic changes associated with meditation practice may alter overall sleep microarchitecture and reorganize sleep-dependent patterns of Memory consolidation. The lower density of occipital spindles in meditators may mean that meditation practice compensates for some of the Memory functions of sleep.
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Contribution of REM sleep and N2 sleep spindles to Procedural Memory consolidation in Vipassana meditators and non-meditating controls.
2017Co-Authors: Elizaveta Solomonova, Simon Dube, Michelle Carr, Tyna Paquette, Cloé Blanchette-carrière, Arnaud Samson-richer, Tore NielsenAbstract:Study objectives: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and sleep spindles are all implicated in the consolidation of Procedural memories. The relative contributions of sleep stages and sleep spindles was previously shown to depend on individual differences in task processing. Experience with Vipassana meditation is one such individual difference that has not been investigated in relation to sleep. Vipassana meditation is a form of mental training that enhances proprioceptive and somatic awareness and alters attentional style. The goal was thus to examine a potential moderating role for Vipassana meditation experience on sleep-dependent Procedural Memory consolidation.Methods: Groups of Vipassana meditation practitioners (N=20) and matched meditation-naïve controls (N=20) slept for a single daytime nap in the laboratory. Before and after the nap they completed a Procedural task on the Wii Fit balance platform.Results: Meditators performed slightly better on the task before the nap, but the two groups improved similarly after sleep. The groups showed different patterns of sleep-dependent Procedural Memory consolidation: in meditators task learning was negatively correlated with density of fast and positively correlated with density of slow occipital spindles, while in controls task improvement was associated with increases in REM sleep. Meditation practitioners had a lower density of sleep spindles, especially in occipital regions.Conclusions: Results suggest that neuroplastic changes associated with sustained meditation practice may alter overall sleep architecture and reorganize sleep-dependent patterns of Memory consolidation. The lower density of spindles in meditators may mean that meditation practice compensates for some of the Memory functions of sleep.
Kimberly A. Cote - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dissociable learning dependent changes in rem and non rem sleep in declarative and Procedural Memory systems
Behavioural Brain Research, 2007Co-Authors: Stuart M Fogel, Carlyle Smith, Kimberly A. CoteAbstract:Abstract Sleep spindles and rapid eye movements have been found to increase following an intense period of learning on a combination of Procedural Memory tasks. It is not clear whether these changes are task specific, or the result of learning in general. The current study investigated changes in spindles, rapid eye movements, K-complexes and EEG spectral power following learning in good sleepers randomly assigned to one of four learning conditions: Pursuit Rotor ( n = 9), Mirror Tracing ( n = 9), Paired Associates ( n = 9), and non-learning controls ( n = 9). Following Pursuit Rotor learning, there was an increase in the duration of Stage 2 sleep, spindle density (number of spindles/min), average spindle duration, and an increase in low frequency sigma power (12–14 Hz) at occipital regions during SWS and at frontal regions during Stage 2 sleep in the second half of the night. These findings are consistent with previous findings that Pursuit Rotor learning is consolidated during Stage 2 sleep, and provide additional data to suggest that spindles across all non-REM stages may be a mechanism for brain plasticity. Following Paired Associates learning, theta power increased significantly at central regions during REM sleep. This study provides the first evidence that REM sleep theta activity is involved in declarative Memory consolidation. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that brain plasticity during sleep does not involve a unitary process; that is, different types of learning have unique sleep-related Memory consolidation mechanisms that act in dissociable brain regions at different times throughout the night.
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Dissociable learning-dependent changes in REM and non-REM sleep in declarative and Procedural Memory systems
Behavioural Brain Research, 2007Co-Authors: Stuart M Fogel, Carlyle T. Smith, Kimberly A. CoteAbstract:Sleep spindles and rapid eye movements have been found to increase following an intense period of learning on a combination of Procedural Memory tasks. It is not clear whether these changes are task specific, or the result of learning in general. The current study investigated changes in spindles, rapid eye movements, K-complexes and EEG spectral power following learning in good sleepers randomly assigned to one of four learning conditions: Pursuit Rotor (n = 9), Mirror Tracing (n = 9), Paired Associates (n = 9), and non-learning controls (n = 9). Following Pursuit Rotor learning, there was an increase in the duration of Stage 2 sleep, spindle density (number of spindles/min), average spindle duration, and an increase in low frequency sigma power (12-14 Hz) at occipital regions during SWS and at frontal regions during Stage 2 sleep in the second half of the night. These findings are consistent with previous findings that Pursuit Rotor learning is consolidated during Stage 2 sleep, and provide additional data to suggest that spindles across all non-REM stages may be a mechanism for brain plasticity. Following Paired Associates learning, theta power increased significantly at central regions during REM sleep. This study provides the first evidence that REM sleep theta activity is involved in declarative Memory consolidation. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that brain plasticity during sleep does not involve a unitary process; that is, different types of learning have unique sleep-related Memory consolidation mechanisms that act in dissociable brain regions at different times throughout the night. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Michael T Ullman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Procedural Memory in infancy evidence from implicit sequence learning in an eye tracking paradigm
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Felixsebastian Koch, Michael T Ullman, Anett Sundqvist, Ulrika Birberg Thornberg, Sandra Nyberg, Rachel Barr, Mary Rudner, Mikael HeimannAbstract:Abstract Procedural Memory underpins the learning of skills and habits. It is often tested in children and adults with sequence learning on the serial reaction time (SRT) task, which involves manual motor control. However, due to infants’ slowly developing control of motor actions, most procedures that require motor control cannot be examined in infancy. Here, we investigated Procedural Memory using an SRT task adapted for infants. During the task, images appeared at one of three locations on a screen, with the location order following a five-item recurring sequence. Three blocks of recurring sequences were followed by a random-order fourth block and finally another block of recurring sequences. Eye movement data were collected for infants (n = 35) and adults (n = 31). Reaction time was indexed by calculating the saccade latencies for orienting to each image as it appeared. The entire protocol took less than 3 min. Sequence learning in the SRT task can be operationalized as an increase in latencies in the random block as compared with the preceding and following sequence blocks. This pattern was observed in both the infants and adults. This study is the first to report learning in an SRT task in infants as young as 9 months. This SRT protocol is a promising procedure for measuring Procedural Memory in infants.
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is Procedural Memory enhanced in tourette syndrome evidence from a sequence learning task
Cortex, 2017Co-Authors: Michael T Ullman, Adam Takacs, Andrea Kobor, Julia Chezan, Noemi Eltető, Zsanett Tarnok, Dezso Nemeth, Karolina JanacsekAbstract:Procedural Memory, which is rooted in the basal ganglia, underlies the learning and processing of numerous automatized motor and cognitive skills, including in language. Not surprisingly, disorders with basal ganglia abnormalities have been found to show impairments of Procedural Memory. However, brain abnormalities could also lead to atypically enhanced function. Tourette syndrome (TS) is a candidate for enhanced Procedural Memory, given previous findings of enhanced TS processing of grammar, which likely depends on Procedural Memory. We comprehensively examined Procedural learning, from Memory formation to retention, in children with TS and typically developing (TD) children, who performed an implicit sequence learning task over two days. The children with TS showed sequence learning advantages on both days, despite a regression of sequence knowledge overnight to the level of the TD children. This is the first demonstration of Procedural learning advantages in any disorder. The findings may further our understanding of Procedural Memory and its enhancement. The evidence presented here, together with previous findings suggesting enhanced grammar processing in TS, underscore the dependence of language on a system that also subserves visuomotor sequencing.
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the role of declarative and Procedural Memory in disorders of language
Linguistic Variation, 2013Co-Authors: Michael T UllmanAbstract:Language is often assumed to rely on domain-specific neurocognitive substrates. However, this human capacity in fact seems to crucially depend on general-purpose Memory systems in the brain. Evidence suggests that lexical Memory relies heavily on declarative Memory, which is specialized for arbitrary associations and is rooted in temporal lobe structures. The mental grammar instead relies largely on Procedural Memory, a system that underlies rules and sequences, and is rooted in frontal/basal-ganglia structures. Developmental and adult-onset disorders such as Specific Language Impairment, autism, Tourette syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and non-fluent aphasia each seem to involve particular grammatical deficits and analogous non-linguistic Procedural Memory impairments, as well as abnormalities of Procedural Memory brain structures. Lexical and declarative Memory remain relatively intact in these disorders, and may play compensatory roles. In contrast, Alzheimer’s disease, semantic dementia, fluent aphasia and amnesia each affect lexical and declarative Memory, and involve abnormalities of declarative Memory brain structures, while leaving grammar and Procedural Memory largely intact. Overall, the evidence suggests that declarative and Procedural Memory play critical roles in language disorders, as well as in language more generally.
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working declarative and Procedural Memory in specific language impairment
Cortex, 2012Co-Authors: Gina Contiramsden, Debra Page, Michael T UllmanAbstract:According to the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH), abnormalities of brain structures underlying Procedural Memory largely explain the language deficits in children with specific language impairment (SLI). These abnormalities are posited to result in core deficits of Procedural Memory, which in turn explain the grammar problems in the disorder. The abnormalities are also likely to lead to problems with other, non-Procedural functions, such as working Memory, that rely at least partly on the affected brain structures. In contrast, declarative Memory is expected to remain largely intact, and should play an important compensatory role for grammar. These claims were tested by examining measures of working, declarative and Procedural Memory in 51 children with SLI and 51 matched typically-developing (TD) children (mean age 10). Working Memory was assessed with the Working Memory Test Battery for Children, declarative Memory with the Children’s Memory Scale, and Procedural Memory with a visuo-spatial Serial Reaction Time task. As compared to the TD children, the children with SLI were impaired at Procedural Memory, even when holding working Memory constant. In contrast, they were spared at declarative Memory for visual information, and at declarative Memory in the verbal domain after controlling for working Memory and language. Visuo-spatial short-term Memory was intact, whereas verbal working Memory was impaired, even when language deficits were held constant. Correlation analyses showed neither visuo-spatial nor verbal working Memory was associated with either lexical or grammatical abilities in either the SLI or TD children. Declarative Memory correlated with lexical abilities in both groups of children. Finally, grammatical abilities were associated with Procedural Memory in the TD children, but with declarative Memory in the children with SLI. These findings replicate and extend previous studies of working, declarative and Procedural Memory in SLI. Overall, we suggest that the evidence largely supports the predictions of the PDH.
William Fishbein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a daytime nap containing solely non rem sleep enhances declarative but not Procedural Memory
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew A Tucker, Yasutaka Hirota, Erin J Wamsley, Annie Chaklader, William FishbeinAbstract:The specialized role that sleep-specific brain physiology plays in Memory processing is being rapidly clarified with a greater understanding of the dynamic, complex, and exquisitely orchestrated brain state that emerges during sleep. Behaviorally, the facilitative role of non-REM (NREM) sleep (primarily slow wave sleep) for declarative but not Procedural Memory performance in humans has been demonstrated in a number of nocturnal sleep studies. However, subjects in these studies were tested after periods of sleep that contained REM sleep in addition to NREM sleep, and comparison wake groups were subjected to mild sleep deprivation. To add some clarity to the findings of these nocturnal studies, we assessed performance on declarative and Procedural Memory tasks following a daytime training-retest interval containing either a short nap that included NREM without REM sleep, or wakefulness. Consistent with previous findings we show that, after a comparatively brief sleep episode, subjects that take a nap improve more on a declarative Memory task than subjects that stay awake, but that improvement on a Procedural Memory task is the same regardless of whether subjects take a nap or remain awake. Slow wave sleep was the only sleep parameter to correlate positively with declarative Memory improvement. These findings are discussed with reference to the general benefits of napping and within the broader context of a growing literature suggesting a role for NREM-specific physiology for the processing of declarative Memory.
