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Kai Sundmacher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Linear Programming Approach for Structure Optimization of Renewable-to-Chemicals (R2Chem) Production Networks
2018Co-Authors: Dominik Schack, Liisa Rihko-struckmann, Kai SundmacherAbstract:For CO2 reduction in the chemical industries, the massive use of renewable energies and the substitution of fossil based feedstock by implementation of Renewables-to-Chemicals (R2Chem) Production systems are of key importance. Due to the multitude of alternative feedstock sources and process technologies a large number of different process pathways are possible for converting renewables into valuable target products. In this work we propose a method for the identification of the optimal R2Chem process structure under consideration of an economic objective function. By introducing process extent variables it is possible to fully avoid binary decision variables, resulting in a purely linear program. The derived cost function includes operational as well as capital cost. Furthermore, a penalty term for the carbon dioxide emission is considered. It is shown that an acceptable trade-off between cost and emissions is realizable by using natural gas as feedstock source, especially if the required energy is supplied from renewable sources. A net consumption of CO2 of the overall Production system is only possible if renewable energies sources are exploited while using CO2 as feedstock source at the same time. In case of using fossil energy sources, a negative carbon footprint is unavoidable due to high indirect CO2 emissions due to the energy supply (electricity, heat). Thus, in addition to economic challenges of using CO2 as feedstock also the ecologic impact strongly depends on the energy source used. The main advantage of the proposed method is the fast screening for the optimal process system within a superstructure which contains many alternative process configurations. The method is exemplified by optimizing process systems for the Production of Methanol for different feedstock and energy supply sources
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assessment of Methanol synthesis utilizing exhaust co2 for chemical storage of electrical energy
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010Co-Authors: Liisa Rihkostruckmann, Andreas Peschel, Richard Hankerauschenbach, Kai SundmacherAbstract:The thermodynamic and operational boundaries to store electrical energy chemically are evaluated in this contribution. Methanol is considered as a candidate for chemical energy storage. The Production of Methanol from exhaust CO 2 could be one way to recyle CO 2 and lower the global CO 2 emissions. Energetic analysis reveals that exergy losses are most severe in the parts of the system when electrical energy is converted to chemical (electrolysis) and when chemical energy is converted to electrical (power generation). In Methanol Production, the exergetic efficiency is 83.1%, when the chemical exergy of hydrogen and Methanol, the exergy of the power input and the released heat are taken into consideration. The exergetic efficiency of the overall energy conversion-storage system including Methanol as storage medium was evaluated to be between 16.2 and 20.0% depending on the applied conversion technology. Methanol is suitable not only as stationary energy storage, but it could also be used as fuel for transportation. The energy storage system with hydrogen as storage medium shows higher exergetic efficiency than the Methanol route. However, the storage of hydrogen is clearly more complex and cost-intensive.
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assessment of Methanol synthesis utilizing exhaust co2 for chemical storage of electrical energy
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010Co-Authors: Liisa Rihkostruckmann, Andreas Peschel, Richard Hankerauschenbach, Kai SundmacherAbstract:The thermodynamic and operational boundaries to store electrical energy chemically are evaluated in this contribution. Methanol is considered as a candidate for chemical energy storage. The Production of Methanol from exhaust CO2 could be one way to recyle CO2 and lower the global CO2 emissions. Energetic analysis reveals that exergy losses are most severe in the parts of the system when electrical energy is converted to chemical (electrolysis) and when chemical energy is converted to electrical (power generation). In Methanol Production, the exergetic efficiency is 83.1%, when the chemical exergy of hydrogen and Methanol, the exergy of the power input and the released heat are taken into consideration. The exergetic efficiency of the overall energy conversion-storage system including Methanol as storage medium was evaluated to be between 16.2 and 20.0% depending on the applied conversion technology. Methanol is suitable not only as stationary energy storage, but it could also be used as fuel for transpor...
Mahmoud M Elhalwagi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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safety sustainability and economic assessment in conceptual design stages for chemical processes
2018Co-Authors: Karen Guillencuevas, Andrea P Ortizespinoza, Mahmoud M Elhalwagi, Ecem Ozinan, Nikolaos Kazantzis, Arturo JimenezgutierrezAbstract:Abstract Safety and sustainability are commonly considered once the conceptual design of a process has been carried out. As an effect, modifications to the process to address safety and sustainability issues are more expensive and difficult to make. Several efforts to include safety and sustainability criteria during the process conceptual design have been made. The main challenge is to find a systematic way to reconcile these criteria with the economic objectives to provide an outcome easy to interpret by decision makers. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new safety and sustainability weighted return on investment metric, a tool that is intended to achieve such reconciliation. A case study dealing with the Production of Methanol from shale gas is presented. The results show how a design with suitable operating conditions that reconcile economic, environmental and safety criteria can be identified with the use of the new metric.
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inherent safety evaluation for process flowsheets of natural shale gas processes
2017Co-Authors: Andrea P Ortizespinoza, Arturo Jimenezgutierrez, Mahmoud M ElhalwagiAbstract:Abstract Inherent safety aims to reduce the source of risk in chemical processes. Its application in early design stages represents an advantage due to the flexibility to make changes at that stage of the process development. A relevant application is presented in this work as part of the design of transformation processes for shale gas, since the increasing availability of natural gas due to shale gas extraction has raised the interest in developing processes that use natural gas as a feedstock. Two alternatives for the Production of ethylene and four processes for the Production of Methanol, with natural gas as a feedstock, are analyzed to rank them according to inherent safety levels. The comparison of the technologies is complemented with economic and environmental issues. The results show that from the technologies for ethylene Production, oxidative coupling of methane shows better inherent safety levels than the Methanol to olefins route, although it offers a low profitability. For the Methanol alternatives, the use of steam methane reforming resulted in the safest technology, while partial oxidation offered the highest profit and the autothermal reforming option showed the lowest CO2 emissions. In addition, the most hazardous streams or sections for each process, as provided by the safety indices, were detected.
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techno economic assessment and environmental impact of shale gas alternatives to Methanol
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Laura M Julianduran, Andrea P Ortizespinoza, Mahmoud M Elhalwagi, Arturo JimenezgutierrezAbstract:Recent discoveries of shale gas reserves have promoted a renewed interest in gas-to-liquid technologies for the Production of fuels and chemicals. One option of particular interest for the chemical industry is the Production of Methanol. In this work, an economic and environmental analysis for the Production of Methanol from shale gas is presented. Four reforming technologies, partial oxidation, steam methane reforming, autothermal reforming, and a combined reforming, are considered for the Production of the syngas to be fed to the Methanol plant. Process simulations are used to assess the performance of each resulting flowsheet. The results identify partial oxidation and autothermal reforming as the most suitable options for Methanol Production from an economic viewpoint, but the use of the combined reforming turned out to be the best sustainable alternative from an environmental viewpoint.
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process design and integration of shale gas to Methanol
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Victoria M Ehlinger, Kerron J Gabriel, Mohamed M B Noureldin, Mahmoud M ElhalwagiAbstract:The substantial discoveries of shale gas present many opportunities for the chemical, petrochemical, and fuel industries. As in conventional natural gas, shale gas contains primarily methane, but some formations contain significant amounts of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and inorganic gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. These differences present several technical challenges to incorporating shale gas with the current infrastructure designed to be used with natural gas. This paper is aimed at process synthesis, analysis, and integration of the Production of Methanol from shale gas. The composition of the shale gas feedstock is assumed to come from the Barnett Shale play located near Fort Worth, Texas, which is currently the most active shale gas play in the United States. Process simulation using ASPEN Plus along with published data were used to construct a base-case scenario. Key performance indicators were assessed. These include overall process targets for mass and energy and economic per...
Angel Irabien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of Methanol from co2 electroreduction at cu2o and cu2o zno based electrodes in aqueous solution
Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan Albo, Alfonso Saez, Jose Sollagullon, Vicente Montiel, Angel IrabienAbstract:The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), under the projects CTQ2013-48280-C3-1-R, CTQ2013-48280-C3-3-R and Juan de la Cierva program (JCI-2012-12073).
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Production of Methanol from co2 electroreduction at cu2o and cu2o zno based electrodes in aqueous solution
Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan Albo, Alfonso Saez, Jose Sollagullon, Vicente Montiel, Angel IrabienAbstract:Abstract In this study, we examine the performance of Cu 2 O and Cu 2 O/ZnO surfaces in a filter-press electrochemical cell for the continuous electroreduction of CO 2 into Methanol. The electrodes are prepared by airbrushing the metal particles onto a porous carbon paper and then are electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry analyses. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluating and comparing the Methanol Production and Faradaic efficiencies at different loadings of Cu 2 O particles (0.5, 1 and 1.8 mg cm −2 ), Cu 2 O/ZnO weight ratios (1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2) and electrolyte flow rates (1, 2 and 3 ml min −1 cm −2 ). The electrodes including ZnO in their catalytic surface were stable after 5 h, in contrast with Cu 2 O-deposited carbon papers that present strong deactivation with time. The maximum Methanol formation rate and Faradaic efficiency for Cu 2 O/ZnO (1:1)-based electrodes, at an applied potential of −1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl, were r = 3.17 × 10 −5 mol m −2 s −1 and FE = 17.7 %, respectively. Consequently, the use of Cu 2 O–ZnO mixtures may be of application for the continuous electrochemical formation of Methanol, although further research is still required in order to develop highly active, selective and stable catalysts the electroreduction of CO 2 to Methanol.
Jhuma Sadhukhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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process integration and economic analysis of bio oil platform for the Production of Methanol and combined heat and power
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2011Co-Authors: Kok Siew Ng, Jhuma SadhukhanAbstract:Abstract Process to process material and heat integration strategies for bio-oil integrated gasification and Methanol synthesis (BOIG-MeOH) systems were developed to assess their technological and economic feasibility. Distributed bio-oil generations and centralised processing enhance resource flexibility and technological feasibility. Economic performance depends on the integration of centralised BOIG-MeOH processes, investigated for cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) and water electrolyser configurations. Design and operating variables of gasification, heat recovery from gases, water and carbon dioxide removal units, water-gas shift and Methanol synthesis reactors and CHP network were analysed to improve the overall efficiency and economics. The efficiency of BOIG-MeOH system using bio-oil from various feedstocks was investigated. The system efficiency primarily attributed by the moisture content of the raw material decreases from oilseed rape through miscanthus to poplar wood. Increasing capacity and recycle enhances feasibility, e.g.1350 MW BOIG-MeOH with ASU and 90% recycle configuration achieves an efficiency of 61.5% (Methanol, low grade heat and electricity contributions by 89%, 7.9% and 3% respectively) based on poplar wood and the cost of Production (COP) of Methanol of 318.1 Euro/t for the prices of bio-oil of 75 Euro/t and electricity of 80.12 Euro/MWh, respectively. An additional transportation cost of 4.28–8.89 Euro/t based on 100 km distance between distributed and centralised plants reduces the netback of bio-oil to 40.9–36.3 Euro/t.
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process integration and economic analysis of bio oil platform for the Production of Methanol and combined heat and power
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2011Co-Authors: Jhuma SadhukhanAbstract:Process to process material and heat integration strategies for bio-oil integrated gasification and Methanol synthesis (BOIG-MeOH) systems were developed to assess their technological and economic feasibility. Distributed bio-oil generations and centralised processing enhance resource flexibility and technological feasibility. Economic performance depends on the integration of centralised BOIG-MeOH processes, investigated for cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) and water electrolyser configurations. Design and operating variables of gasification, heat recovery from gases, water and carbon dioxide removal units, water-gas shift and Methanol synthesis reactors and CHP network were analysed to improve the overall efficiency and economics. The efficiency of BOIG-MeOH system using bio-oil from various feedstocks was investigated. The system efficiency primarily attributed by the moisture content of the raw material decreases from oilseed rape through miscanthus to poplar wood. Increasing capacity and recycle enhances feasibility, e.g.1350MWBOIG-MeOH with ASU and 90% recycle configuration achieves an efficiency of 61.5% (Methanol, low grade heat and electricity contributions by 89%, 7.9% and 3% respectively) based on poplar wood and the cost of Production (COP) of Methanol of 318.1 Euro/t for the prices of bio-oil of 75 Euro/t and electricity of 80.12 Euro/MWh, respectively. An additional transportation cost of 4.28e8.89 Euro/t based on 100 km distance between distributed and centralised plants reduces the netback of bio-oil to 40.9e36.3 Euro/t.
Jonathan Albo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production of Methanol from co2 electroreduction at cu2o and cu2o zno based electrodes in aqueous solution
Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan Albo, Alfonso Saez, Jose Sollagullon, Vicente Montiel, Angel IrabienAbstract:The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), under the projects CTQ2013-48280-C3-1-R, CTQ2013-48280-C3-3-R and Juan de la Cierva program (JCI-2012-12073).
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Production of Methanol from co2 electroreduction at cu2o and cu2o zno based electrodes in aqueous solution
Applied Catalysis B-environmental, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan Albo, Alfonso Saez, Jose Sollagullon, Vicente Montiel, Angel IrabienAbstract:Abstract In this study, we examine the performance of Cu 2 O and Cu 2 O/ZnO surfaces in a filter-press electrochemical cell for the continuous electroreduction of CO 2 into Methanol. The electrodes are prepared by airbrushing the metal particles onto a porous carbon paper and then are electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry analyses. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluating and comparing the Methanol Production and Faradaic efficiencies at different loadings of Cu 2 O particles (0.5, 1 and 1.8 mg cm −2 ), Cu 2 O/ZnO weight ratios (1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2) and electrolyte flow rates (1, 2 and 3 ml min −1 cm −2 ). The electrodes including ZnO in their catalytic surface were stable after 5 h, in contrast with Cu 2 O-deposited carbon papers that present strong deactivation with time. The maximum Methanol formation rate and Faradaic efficiency for Cu 2 O/ZnO (1:1)-based electrodes, at an applied potential of −1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl, were r = 3.17 × 10 −5 mol m −2 s −1 and FE = 17.7 %, respectively. Consequently, the use of Cu 2 O–ZnO mixtures may be of application for the continuous electrochemical formation of Methanol, although further research is still required in order to develop highly active, selective and stable catalysts the electroreduction of CO 2 to Methanol.
