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L. Martinetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and Propachlor on free amino acids and protein formation in Vicia faba L
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997Co-Authors: Luciano Scarponi, M. E. Younis, A. Standardi, Nemat M. Hassan, L. MartinettiAbstract:Decreases in protein and changes in the free amino acid profile were ascertained in Vicia faba L. treated with chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, or Propachlor. Valine, leucine, isoleucine, and total N were decreased by chlorimuron-ethyl and imazethapyr, while total soluble N was increased by all treatments. These changes were accompanied by decreases of the activities of acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS; EC 4.1.3.18), nitrite reductase (NiR; EC 1.7.7.1), glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2), and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14). During the experimental period, the inhibition of GS activity preceded that of NiR and followed that of AHAS in samples treated with chlorimuron-ethyl or imazethapyr, while a reverse sequence was apparent in samples treated with Propachlor. Therefore, the reduction in protein formation and the disturbance in free amino acid profile appears to be due to inhibition of AHAS following treatment with chlorimuron-ethyl or imazethapyr and to inhibition of NiR following treatme...
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Conjugation of 2-chloroacetanilide herbicides with glutathione: role of molecular structures and of glutathione S-transferase enzymes
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1991Co-Authors: Luciano Scarponi, P. Perucci, L. MartinettiAbstract:The congugation of acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimetachlor, metolachlor, pretilachlor, and Propachlor with glutatione nonenzymatically and enzymatically by action of the glutatione S-transferase (GST) was investigated. Shoots of corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), wheat (Triticum aestivum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) were employed as enzyme sources for enzymatic tests (...)
Luciano Scarponi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and Propachlor on free amino acids and protein formation in Vicia faba L
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997Co-Authors: Luciano Scarponi, M. E. Younis, A. Standardi, Nemat M. Hassan, L. MartinettiAbstract:Decreases in protein and changes in the free amino acid profile were ascertained in Vicia faba L. treated with chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, or Propachlor. Valine, leucine, isoleucine, and total N were decreased by chlorimuron-ethyl and imazethapyr, while total soluble N was increased by all treatments. These changes were accompanied by decreases of the activities of acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS; EC 4.1.3.18), nitrite reductase (NiR; EC 1.7.7.1), glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2), and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14). During the experimental period, the inhibition of GS activity preceded that of NiR and followed that of AHAS in samples treated with chlorimuron-ethyl or imazethapyr, while a reverse sequence was apparent in samples treated with Propachlor. Therefore, the reduction in protein formation and the disturbance in free amino acid profile appears to be due to inhibition of AHAS following treatment with chlorimuron-ethyl or imazethapyr and to inhibition of NiR following treatme...
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Conjugation of 2-chloroacetanilide herbicides with glutathione: role of molecular structures and of glutathione S-transferase enzymes
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1991Co-Authors: Luciano Scarponi, P. Perucci, L. MartinettiAbstract:The congugation of acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimetachlor, metolachlor, pretilachlor, and Propachlor with glutatione nonenzymatically and enzymatically by action of the glutatione S-transferase (GST) was investigated. Shoots of corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), wheat (Triticum aestivum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) were employed as enzyme sources for enzymatic tests (...)
Harold L. Witt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seed protectants safen sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) against chloroacetamide herbicide injury.
Weed Technology, 1990Co-Authors: Chester L. Foy, Harold L. WittAbstract:Alachlor at 3.4 and 6.7 kg ha-1, metolachlor at 2.8 and 5.6 kg ha-1, and Propachlor at 4.5 and 9.0 kg ha-1were applied to grain sorghum in field experiments conducted in 1981 and 1982. ‘Dekalb E-59’ and ‘Pioneer 8311’ grain sorghum were tested with and without the seed protectants cyometrinil and flurazole in both experiments. ‘Funk's G-1350’ was tested with and without cyometrinil and CGA-92194 in one experiment. Alachlor and metolachlor caused serious injury (stunting and, in some instances, reductions in stand and yield) to grain sorghum without the seed protectants. Less severe injury to grain sorghum occurred with alachlor and metolachlor at high rates even in the presence of the seed protectants. The three seed protectants were equally effective in preventing crop injury. Only minor injury to grain sorghum, with or without the seed protectants, occurred with Propachlor at both rates. Overall, early-season weed control was 81 to 100%; however, Propachlor at the rates tested was noticeably weaker than alachlor and metolachlor against some annual grasses.
Cecilia Maya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modeling of photooxidation of acetamide herbicides in natural waters by UV radiation and the combinations UV/H2O2 and UV/O3
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2004Co-Authors: F. Javier Benitez, Juan L. Acero, Francisco J. Real, Cecilia MayaAbstract:The photooxidation of several herbicides belonging to the acetamides group (specifically Propachlor, metolachlor and butachlor) by means of a monochromatic UV irradiation in ultrapure water was studied. In the case of Propachlor, the quantum yield for its photolysis was evaluated directly, and a value 0.127 ± 0.01 mol Eins−1 was obtained independent of the pH. The quantum yields for the photolysis of metolachlor and butachlor were determined by using a competition kinetic model which used Propachlor as reference compound, and values of 0.56 ± 0.05 and 0.78 ± 0.04 mol Eins−1 were deduced respectively for metolachlor and butachlor. In a second step, the elimination of the selected herbicides in some natural and mineral waters was studied by means of several oxidation systems: UV radiation alone, and UV radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The influence of the operating variables in these processes (acetamide type, presence or absence of tert-butyl alcohol and types of waters) are discussed as a consequence of the amounts of herbicides removed. Two different kinetic studies were carried out for the oxidation of the herbicides: the first one for UV radiation alone and UV radiation combined with H2O2; the second one for the combination UV radiation plus ozone. In these studies, the specific rate constants were evaluated in every process. Finally, kinetic models for the prediction of the elimination of these herbicides in the natural waters selected by the different oxidation systems are proposed. The values of concentrations predicted by these models agree well with the experimental results obtained. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Oxidation of Acetamide Herbicides in Natural Waters by Ozone and by the Combination of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide: Kinetic Study and Process Modeling
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2003Co-Authors: Juan L. Acero, F. Javier Benitez, Francisco J. Real, Cecilia MayaAbstract:The oxidation by ozone and by the combination O3/H2O2 of four herbicides included in the acetamide group (acetochlor, metolachlor, Propachlor, and butachlor) was studied. In a first step, the rate constants were determined for the reactions of the selected herbicides with ozone (kO3) and OH radicals (kOH). The sequence of reactivities for solutions in ultrapure water were as follows: for ozonation, metolachlor < Propachlor < acetochlor < butachlor; for oxidation by hydroxyl radicals, Propachlor < acetochlor < metolachlor < butachlor. The rate constants for the reaction with ozone ranged from 1.1 to 5.3 L/(mol·s), indicating that direct reactions with ozone will play a minor role during ozonation processes. Values for kOH ranged from 4.6 × 109 to 7.4 × 109 L/(mol·s). Therefore, reactions with OH radicals will be the major pathway for the oxidative transformation of these four herbicides, even when conventional ozonation is applied. In a second step, the oxidation of the investigated herbicides during ozon...
Linden Ama Van Der - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gedrag van bestrijdingsmiddelen in de ondergrond: In situ experimenten
2012Co-Authors: Weijnen Phc, Linskens Wma, Snijders A, Linden Ama Van DerAbstract:Abstract niet beschikbaarIn situ experiments using an injection/withdrawal system were done with five pesticides (atrazine, mecoprop, dinoseb, 1,3-dichloropropene and Propachlor). Pesticides and a tracer (bromide) were injected 7 m below surface and withdrawn again 1.5 m downstreams. At the Bilthoven aquifer transformation of dichloropropene was found, the other pesticides (atrazine, dinoseb and Propachlor) didn't interact with the aquifer material. At the Veendam aquifer dinoseb was completely retarded indicating degradation within two days. Dichloropropene was, as in Bilthoven, transformed and this is in agreement with laboratory research in which dichloropropene was hydrolysed. Atrazine was sorbed to the aquifer material and the partition coefficient was in the same order of magnitude as found in laboratory experiments. For Propachlor retention was found. It was not clear, however, whether this retention was caused by sorption or by transformation or both. The Veendam aquifer is more reactive to pesticides than the Bilthoven aquifer and this is possibly caused by the difference in redox potential. The injection/withdrawal system is a good method to study the behaviour in aquifers.EG/DG1
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Gedrag van bestrijdingsmiddelen in de verzadigde ondergrond: interpretatie van een in situ experiment
2012Co-Authors: Weerd H Van Der, Linden Ama Van DerAbstract:Abstract niet beschikbaarAn in situ experiment using an injection/withdrawal system was done with five pesticides (atrazine, 1,3-dichloropropene, dinoseb, mecoprop and Propachlor) at a location in Schaijk. Pesticides and a tracer (chloride) were injected at 7 m below surface and withdrawn again at the same depth 1.5 m downstreams. Sorption of pesticides was found to be of little importance: only atrazine showed retardation by a factor of 1.3 three pesticides (1,3-dichloropropene, dinoseb and Propachlor) disappeared from the system ; their halflife times were 10 d, 1.3 d and 20 d respectively. Mecoprop showed no reaction at all. The computercode PULS which was developed for the interpretation of in situ experiments proved to be appropriate for approximating sorption and tranformation constants both for the in situ experiment in Schaijk and for experiments performed earlier. With the simulation package METROPOL a good agreement was found between measured and calculated breakthrough curves.EG/DG12-Bodemkwalitei
