The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Moritz Koster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from understanding others needs to Prosocial Action motor and social abilities promote infants helping
Developmental Science, 2019Co-Authors: Moritz Koster, Shoji Itakura, Masaki Omori, Joscha KartnerAbstract:In the present study, we test the main hypothesis that infants' understanding of others' needs translates into helping behavior, when critical motor and social competencies have emerged, early in the second year. We assessed the understanding of others' needs in an eye-tracking paradigm and the helping behavior of 10- (n = 41) and 16-month-olds (n = 37). Furthermore, we assessed the motor and social abilities of 16-month-olds. Critically, while infants understood others' needs already at 10 months, fine motor and social interAction skills moderated the link between infants' Prosocial understanding and helping behavior at 16 months. This provides first evidence that infants' helping behavior relates to their understanding of others' needs. Furthermore, we found that fine motor, gross motor, and social interAction skills predicted early helping behavior by themselves. These findings highlight that the emergence of infants' helping behavior is the result of a developmental system that includes infants' understanding of others' needs and also their motor and social competencies. The link between infants' understanding of others' needs and their early helpful Actions provide further support for the Prosocial nature of early helping behavior.
Tobias Krettenauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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why be moral children s explicit motives for Prosocial moral Action
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Sonia Sengsavang, Kayleen Willemsen, Tobias KrettenauerAbstract:Recent research on young children's morality has stressed the autonomous and internal nature of children's moral motivation. However, this research has mostly focused on implicit moral motives, whereas children's explicit motives have not been investigated directly. This study examined children’s explicit motives for why they want to engage in Prosocial Actions and avoid antisocial behavior. A total of 195 children aged 4 to 12 years were interviewed about their motives for everyday Prosocial-moral Actions, as well as reported on their relationship with their parents. Children's explicit motives to abstain from antisocial behavior were found to be more external and less other-oriented than their motives for Prosocial Action. Motives that reflected higher levels of internal motivation became more frequent with age. Moreover, positive parent-child relationships predicted more other-oriented motives and greater explication of moral motives. Overall, the study provides evidence that children’s explicit moral motivation is far more heterogeneous than prominent theories of moral development (past and present) suggest.
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positively versus negatively charged moral emotion expectancies in adolescence the role of situational context and the developing moral self
British Journal of Development Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Tobias Krettenauer, Megan JohnstonAbstract:The study analyses adolescents' positively charged versus negatively charged moral emotion expectancies. Two hundred and five students (M= 14.83 years, SD= 2.21) participated in an interview depicting various situations in which a moral norm was either regarded or transgressed. Emotion expectancies were assessed for specific emotions (pride, guilt) as well as for overall strength and valence. In addition, self-importance of moral values was measured by a questionnaire. Results revealed that positively charged emotion expectancies were more pronounced in contexts of Prosocial Action than in the context of moral transgressions, whereas the opposite was true for negatively charged emotions. At the same time, expectations of guilt and pride were substantially related to the self-importance of moral values.
Joscha Kartner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from understanding others needs to Prosocial Action motor and social abilities promote infants helping
Developmental Science, 2019Co-Authors: Moritz Koster, Shoji Itakura, Masaki Omori, Joscha KartnerAbstract:In the present study, we test the main hypothesis that infants' understanding of others' needs translates into helping behavior, when critical motor and social competencies have emerged, early in the second year. We assessed the understanding of others' needs in an eye-tracking paradigm and the helping behavior of 10- (n = 41) and 16-month-olds (n = 37). Furthermore, we assessed the motor and social abilities of 16-month-olds. Critically, while infants understood others' needs already at 10 months, fine motor and social interAction skills moderated the link between infants' Prosocial understanding and helping behavior at 16 months. This provides first evidence that infants' helping behavior relates to their understanding of others' needs. Furthermore, we found that fine motor, gross motor, and social interAction skills predicted early helping behavior by themselves. These findings highlight that the emergence of infants' helping behavior is the result of a developmental system that includes infants' understanding of others' needs and also their motor and social competencies. The link between infants' understanding of others' needs and their early helpful Actions provide further support for the Prosocial nature of early helping behavior.
Mark Snyder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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responding to natural disasters examining identity and Prosociality in the context of a major earthquake
British Journal of Social Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Alexander Maki, Patrick C Dwyer, Mark Snyder, Susanne Blazek, Roberto Gonzalez, Siugmin LayAbstract:How does a major natural disaster relate to individuals' orientation towards society? We collected repeated cross-sectional surveys before (n = 644) and after the 2010 Chile earthquake (n = 1,389) to examine levels of national identity, Prosocial values, helping motivations, and Prosocial behaviours in the context of such a calamitous societal event. Our research questions, derived from the literature on helping in times of crisis, considered how natural disasters may implicate identity and Prosociality, as well as how identity, Prosocial values, and motivations are linked to Prosocial Action after a disaster. Higher levels of national identity, helping motivations, and disaster-related helping were found after the earthquake, suggesting that in the aftermath of a disaster, people unite under a common national identity and are motivated to take Action related to disaster relief. National identity and Prosocial values were closely linked to helping after the earthquake, but specific helping motivations rarely predicted Prosocial behaviours. Additionally, proximity to the epicentre was related to higher levels of national identity and participation in reconstruction efforts. These findings contribute to our understanding of people's responses to natural disasters and suggest ways of encouraging Prosocial behaviour in the aftermath of unexpected tragic events.
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understanding americorps service perspectives from psychological theory and research on volunteerism
Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Alexander Maki, Patrick C Dwyer, Mark SnyderAbstract:Although national service programs such as AmeriCorps share many characteristics with volunteerism (such as sustained, Prosocial Action aimed at community improvement), little research has examined how theory and research relevant to volunteer behavior might help understand such service programs. We used psychological theory from the volunteerism literature to test hypotheses about how the constructs of altruistic personality, role identity, and service motivations relate to AmeriCorps satisfAction, intentions, and behavior. In a longitudinal study of 188 AmeriCorps members, personality, identity, and motivation were all associated with important service experiences and outcomes. Specifically, whereas overall motivation was related to both satisfAction and intentions, altruistic personality and AmeriCorps identity were only related to intentions. Additionally, distinct service motivations were related to specific service experiences and outcomes. Finally, AmeriCorps members who felt that their motivations were satisfied during service tended to more frequently engage in additional voluntary service-related behaviors. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding AmeriCorps service, and for potentially improving public policy initiatives concerning AmeriCorps.
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the psychology of Prosocial behavior group processes intergroup relations and helping
John Wiley and Sons, 2009Co-Authors: Stefan Sturmer, Mark SnyderAbstract:List of Contributors. Introduction: The Psychological Study of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations in Prosocial Behavior: Past, Present, Future ( Stefan Sturmer and Mark Snyder ). Part I: Motivations for Helping In-group and Out-group Members. 1 The Tribal Instinct Hypothesis: Evolution and the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations ( Mark Van Vugt and Justin H. Park ). 2 Helping "Us" versus "Them": Towards a Group-Level Theory of Helping and Altruism Within and Across Group Boundaries ( Stefan Sturmer and Mark Snyder ). 3 Stigmas and Pro-Social Behavior: Are People Reluctant to Help Stigmatized Persons? ( John B. Pryor, Glenn D. Reeder, Andrew E. Monroe, and Arati Patel ). 4 The strategic side of out-group helping ( Esther van Leeuwen and Susanne Tauber ). Part II: Consequences of Giving or Receiving Help in the Context of Groups. 5 Discrimination Against Out-group Members in Helping Situations ( Donald A. Saucier, Jessica L. McManus, and Sara J. Smith ). 6 Receiving Help: Consequences for the Recipient ( Samer Halabi and Arie Nadler ). 7 Turning to Others in Times of Change: Social Identity and Coping with Stress ( Jolanda Jetten, S. Alexander Haslam, Aarti Iyer, and Catherine Haslam ). 8 Volunteering Across the Life Span: Doing Well by Doing Good ( Jane Allyn Piliavin ). Part III: Intervention Strategies: Targeting Individuals, Groups and Organizations. 9 Perspective Taking and Intergroup Helping ( Mark H. Davis and Angela T. Maitner ). 10 Recategorization and Prosocial Behavior: Common Ingroup Identity and a Dual Identity ( John F. Dovidio, Samuel L. Gaertner, Nurit Shnabel, Tamar Saguy, and James Johnson ). 11 Groups, Identities and Bystander Behavior: How Group Processes Can Be Used to Promote Helping ( Mark Levine and Clare Cassidy ). 12 Influences of Psychological Sense of Community on Voluntary Helping and Prosocial Action ( Allen M. Omoto and Mark Snyder ). 13 Empowering the Volunteer Organization: What Volunteer Organizations can do to Recruit, Content, and Retain Volunteers ( Naomi Ellemers and Edwin J. Boezeman ). Part IV: The Broader Picture: Political and Societal Implications. 14 Interpersonal and Intergroup Helping Relations as Power Relations: Implications for Real-world Helping ( Arie Nadler ). 15 Beyond Help: A Social Psychology of Collective Solidarity and Social Cohesion ( Stephen Reicher and S. Alexander Haslam ). 16 Cross-group Helping: Perspectives on Why and Why Not ( Stephen C. Wright and Norann T. Richard ). 17 Helping Disadvantaged Out-Groups Challenge Unjust Inequality: The Role of Group-Based Emotions ( Aarti Iyer and Colin Wayne Leach ). References. List of Tables. List of Figures. Author Index. Subject Index.
John Peloza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Nature of Slacktivism: How the Social Observability of an Initial Act of Token Support Affects Subsequent Prosocial Action
Journal of Consumer Research, 2014Co-Authors: Kirk Kristofferson, Katherine White, John PelozaAbstract:Prior research offers competing predictions regarding whether an initial token display of support for a cause (such as wearing a ribbon, signing a petition, or joining a Facebook group) subsequently leads to increased and otherwise more meaningful contributions to the cause. The present research proposes a conceptual framework elucidating two primary motivations that underlie subsequent helping behavior: a desire to present a positive image to others and a desire to be consistent with one’s own values. Importantly, the socially observable nature (public vs. private) of initial token support is identified as a key moderator that influences when and why token support does or does not lead to meaningful support for the cause. Consumers exhibit greater helping on a subsequent, more meaningful task after providing an initial private (vs. public) display of token support for a cause. Finally, the authors demonstrate how value alignment and connection to the cause moderate the observed effects.
