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Julimar Do Sacramento Ribeiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fatty acid profile color and lipid oxidation of meat from young bulls fed ground soybean or rumen Protected Fat with or without monensin
Meat Science, 2014Co-Authors: Marcio Machado Ladeira, Dalton Mendes De Oliveira, M L Chizzotti, Leonardo De Castro Santarosa, Eduardo Mendes Ramos, O Machado R Neto, Jose Rodolfo Reis De Carvalho, Leandro Sâmia Lopes, Julimar Do Sacramento RibeiroAbstract:Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the meat quality and Fatty acid (FA) profile of the muscle and subcutaneous Fat of young bulls fed ground soybean grain (SB) or rumen Protected Fat (RPF) with (230 mg head − 1 day − 1 ) or without monensin. Forty animals with an initial weight of 359 kg were allotted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The use of monensin increased the arachidonic and α-linolenic acids in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and subcutaneous Fat, respectively (P
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Fatty acid profile color and lipid oxidation of meat from young bulls fed ground soybean or rumen Protected Fat with or without monensin
Meat Science, 2014Co-Authors: Marcio Machado Ladeira, Dalton Mendes De Oliveira, M L Chizzotti, Leonardo De Castro Santarosa, Eduardo Mendes Ramos, O Machado R Neto, Jose Rodolfo Reis De Carvalho, Luiza Da Silva Lopes, Julimar Do Sacramento RibeiroAbstract:The objective of the present study was to evaluate the meat quality and Fatty acid (FA) profile of the muscle and subcutaneous Fat of young bulls fed ground soybean grain (SB) or rumen Protected Fat (RPF) with (230 mg head(-1) day(-1)) or without monensin. Forty animals with an initial weight of 359 kg were allotted in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The use of monensin increased the arachidonic and α-linolenic acids in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and subcutaneous Fat, respectively (P<0.05). The meat from the animals receiving RPF had greater C18:1 content (P<0.01). The CLA and C18:2 contents were greater in the LD muscle of the animals fed SB (P<0.01). However, α-C18:3 was greater in the LD muscle of animals fed RPF (P<0.01). In the subcutaneous Fat, SB reduced C12:0 and C14:0 contents (P<0.01) and increased C18:0 (P<0.05). The inclusion of RPF increased the C18:1 and CLA contents (P<0.01) in the subcutaneous Fat. Soybean elevated PUFA contents and increased susceptibility of muscle and subcutaneous Fat to lipid oxidation.
Marcio Machado Ladeira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of maternal protein supplementation and inclusion of rumen Protected Fat in the finishing diet on nutrient digestibility and expression of intestinal genes in nellore steers
Animal Science Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Wendell Fernando Guimaraes Da Cruz, J P Schoonmaker, Flavio Dutra De Resende, Gustavo Rezende Siqueira, Liziana Maria Rodrigues, German Zamudio, Marcio Machado LadeiraAbstract:The study aimed to evaluate nutrient digestibility and intestine gene expression in the progeny from cows supplemented during gestation and fed diets with or without rumen-Protected Fat (RPF) in the feedlot. Forty-eight Nellore steers, averaging 340 kg, were housed in individual pens and allotted in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (dams nutrition × RPF). Cows' supplementation started after 124 ± 21 days of gestation. The feedlot lasted 135 days and diets had the inclusion of zero or 6% of RPF. Digestibility was evaluated by total feces collection. Steers were slaughtered using the concussion technique and samples of pancreas and small intestine were collected immediately after the slaughter to analyze α-amylase activity, and the expression of SLC5A1, CD36, and CCK and villi morphometry. Feeding RPF increased nutrients digestibility (p 0.05). Duodenal expression of SLC5A1, CD36, and CCK increased in the progeny from restricted cows. In conclusion, protein restriction during mid to late gestation of dams has long-term effects on small-intestine length and on expression of membrane transporters genes in the duodenum of the progeny. However, maternal nutrition does not affect digestibility in the feedlot.
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expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of beef cattle fed soybean or rumen Protected Fat with or without monensin supplementation
Journal of Animal Science, 2014Co-Authors: Dalton Mendes De Oliveira, Antonio Chalfunjunior, M L Chizzotti, Horllys Gomes Barreto, T C Coelho, Luciano Vilela Paiva, Carla P Coelho, P D Teixeira, J P Schoonmaker, Marcio Machado LadeiraAbstract:Degree of unsaturation of Fatty acids, which is influenced by lipid source and level of metabolism in the rumen, is a major determinant in how dietary lipids affect genes that regulate beef marbling. A total of 28 Red Norte bulls with an initial live weight of 361±32 kg (P>0.05) were used in a completely randomized experimental design to analyze the expression of genes that are involved in lipid metabolism in the longissimus dorsi (LD) when diets contained soybean grain or rumen-Protected Fat, with or without monensin. Treatments were arranged as a 2×2 factorial, with 4 treatments and 7 replicates per treatment. Half of the animals that received soybean or rumen-Protected Fat were supplemented with 230 mg head(-1) d(-1) of monensin. Gene expression was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in the LD muscle was not affected by lipid source or monensin (P>0.05). There was an interaction effect (P<0.05) between lipid source and monensin for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) expression, where greater gene expression was found in animals fed soybean plus monensin and the lower gene expression was found in animals fed rumen-Protected Fat plus monensin. Expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were greater (P<0.05) in the LD muscle of animals fed soybean. Monensin had no effect on LPL and FABP4 expression when soybean without monensin was fed, but when rumen-Protected Fat was fed, monensin increased LPL expression and decreased FABP4 expression (P<0.05). Linoleic and arachidonic acids had negative correlations (P<0.05) with the expression of PPAR-α, SCD, FABP4, and LPL genes. PPAR-α gene expression was not correlated with SREBP-1c but was positively correlated with SCD, FABP4, LPL, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) gene expression (P<0.001). Lipid sources and monensin interact and alter the expression of PPAR-α, SCD, acetyl CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), LPL, FABP4, and GPX1. These changes in gene expression were most associated with arachidonic and α-linolenic acids and the ability of lipid sources and monensin to increase these Fatty acids in tissues.
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Fatty acid profile color and lipid oxidation of meat from young bulls fed ground soybean or rumen Protected Fat with or without monensin
Meat Science, 2014Co-Authors: Marcio Machado Ladeira, Dalton Mendes De Oliveira, M L Chizzotti, Leonardo De Castro Santarosa, Eduardo Mendes Ramos, O Machado R Neto, Jose Rodolfo Reis De Carvalho, Leandro Sâmia Lopes, Julimar Do Sacramento RibeiroAbstract:Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the meat quality and Fatty acid (FA) profile of the muscle and subcutaneous Fat of young bulls fed ground soybean grain (SB) or rumen Protected Fat (RPF) with (230 mg head − 1 day − 1 ) or without monensin. Forty animals with an initial weight of 359 kg were allotted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The use of monensin increased the arachidonic and α-linolenic acids in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and subcutaneous Fat, respectively (P
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Fatty acid profile color and lipid oxidation of meat from young bulls fed ground soybean or rumen Protected Fat with or without monensin
Meat Science, 2014Co-Authors: Marcio Machado Ladeira, Dalton Mendes De Oliveira, M L Chizzotti, Leonardo De Castro Santarosa, Eduardo Mendes Ramos, O Machado R Neto, Jose Rodolfo Reis De Carvalho, Luiza Da Silva Lopes, Julimar Do Sacramento RibeiroAbstract:The objective of the present study was to evaluate the meat quality and Fatty acid (FA) profile of the muscle and subcutaneous Fat of young bulls fed ground soybean grain (SB) or rumen Protected Fat (RPF) with (230 mg head(-1) day(-1)) or without monensin. Forty animals with an initial weight of 359 kg were allotted in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The use of monensin increased the arachidonic and α-linolenic acids in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and subcutaneous Fat, respectively (P<0.05). The meat from the animals receiving RPF had greater C18:1 content (P<0.01). The CLA and C18:2 contents were greater in the LD muscle of the animals fed SB (P<0.01). However, α-C18:3 was greater in the LD muscle of animals fed RPF (P<0.01). In the subcutaneous Fat, SB reduced C12:0 and C14:0 contents (P<0.01) and increased C18:0 (P<0.05). The inclusion of RPF increased the C18:1 and CLA contents (P<0.01) in the subcutaneous Fat. Soybean elevated PUFA contents and increased susceptibility of muscle and subcutaneous Fat to lipid oxidation.
J Boza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of providing a polyunsaturated Fatty acid rich Protected Fat to lactating goats on growth and body composition of suckling goat kids
Animal Science, 2006Co-Authors: M Sanz R Sampelayo, Gil F Extremera, J R Fernandez, E Ramos, R Hermoso, J BozaAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving the composition of goat meat, in terms of the Fatty acid composition of the different Fat deposits. For this purpose, we used two groups of 12 female goats each of which had recently undergone a double birth. The animals were maintained under semi-extensive conditions and trough-fed with a concentrate that was either non-supplemented or supplemented with 50 g/kg of polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFA)-rich Fat Protected against ruminant metabolism. The kid goats born to each group were suckled by their dams and a representative sample of each was slaughtered at 45 days after birth. The milk produced by the dams receiving the Fat-supplemented diet contained Fat with a lower content of saturated Fatty acids and a higher content of n-3 PUFA, trans-C18: 1 and CLA. The kid goats suckled by these dams grew faster and the legs of the carcasses presented greater muscular development compared with the non-Fat-supplemented diet group. The cover, intermuscular and intramuscular Fat presented a different Fatty acid composition, with a higher proportion of n-3 PUFA, trans C18: 1 and CLA, while that of n-6 PUFA remained unchanged. The change in the lipid metabolism of the kid goats was made evident by the blood levels of certain biochemical parameters. We discuss the improvement in the quality of the meat obtained, taking into account the feeding strategy provided and the class of animal in question.
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dietary supplements for lactating goats by polyunsaturated Fatty acid rich Protected Fat effects after supplement withdrawal
Journal of Dairy Science, 2004Co-Authors: M Sanz R Sampelayo, L Perez, J Martin J Alonso, Gil F Extremera, J BozaAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the persistence of the effects of supplements after they were withdrawn. Two groups of 12 goats were maintained under semiextensive breeding conditions; they were fed indoors with a concentrate with alfalfa hay and olive-tree leaves. Goats were in their sixth month of lactation at initiation of the study. During the first month of the trials, the concentrate supplied to the goats was either nonsupplemented (group 1) or supplemented with 9% polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFA)-rich Protected Fat (group 2). After this period, the 2 groups were given the nonsupplemented until the average daily production of milk per animal within each group had decreased to 300 g or less. The Fat supplementation supplied increased milk production and also improved Fat and protein yield. These effects persisted after the supplement was withdrawn. The supplement, moreover, produced noticeable changes in the Fatty acids profile of the milk Fat, namely a reduction in the concentration of saturated Fatty acids and an increase in that of PUFA. In contrast to the effects on milk production and on the yield of its main constituents, the effects on Fat composition disappeared when the supplement was withdrawn.
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effects of concentrates with different contents of Protected Fat rich in pufas on the performance lactating granadina goats part ii milk production and composition
Small Ruminant Research, 2002Co-Authors: M Sanz R Sampelayo, L Perez, J Martin J Alonso, Lourdes Amigo, J BozaAbstract:Abstract With the aim of obtaining higher quality goats milk, three groups of Granadina goats in the middle of their second lactation were fed diets consisting of forage and concentrate fractions. To the concentration fractions was added 0, 9 or 12% of a Fat Protected against rumen metabolism that was particularly rich in polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFAs). The composition of the Protected Fat was determined as was the milk yield and the chemical composition of the milk. The PUFAs content of the Protected Fat was 14.3%, with the degree of saponification equal to 84.9%. Daily milk production and milk dry matter, protein, Fat and lactose concentration did not vary significantly in relation to diet. In all cases, all values depended on the corresponding energy intake. However, milk Fat from goats fed Protected Fat contained higher concentrations of PUFAs. Also, Fat addition caused some differences in the fractional composition of milk protein. It is concluded that milk Fat from goats can be modified by nutritional means to obtain a healthier product.
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effects of concentrates with different contents of Protected Fat rich in pufas on the performance of lactating granadina goats
Small Ruminant Research, 2002Co-Authors: M Sanz R Sampelayo, L Perez, J Martin J Alonso, Gil F Extremera, J BozaAbstract:The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of different levels of a Protected Fat rich in polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFAs) in the concentrate fraction of diets for lactating goats has any effects on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, N and energy utilisation for milk production. Three groups of six Granadina goats in the middle of their second lactation were used. They were fed diets of forage (50%) and concentrate (50%). The concentrate fraction contained either 0, 9 or 12% added Fat. The added Fat was Protected against rumen metabolism and was particularly rich in PUFAs. The total feed intakes and the forage and concentrate intakes were determined for each case as were the digestibility of nutrients and the N and energy utilisation for milk production. A tendency to decrease total feed intake as the Fat level increased was observed. The concentrate fraction intake and the DM digestibility for Fat addition in the concentrate at 12% was lower (p<0.05) than that for the basal diet. Organic matter and energy digestibilities were lower (p<0.05) for Fat addition in the concentrate at 12% than those for Fat addition at 9% and for the basal diet. However, Fat addition in the concentrate at 9 and 12% or only at 12%, brought about an increase (p<0.05) in Fat digestibility or ADF digestibility, respectively. The ratio between N output in the milk and N ingested or N available for production for Fat addition in the concentrate at 9% was higher (p<0.05) than that for the basal diet. Finally, the ratio between energy output in the milk and metabolisable energy available for production for Fat addition in the concentrate at 12%, tended to be higher than those for Fat addition in the concentrate at 9% and for the basal diet. From these results, it is concluded that the use in the concentrate fraction of diets for lactating goats of the Protected Fat here considered, gives rise to a good digestive utilisation of the diet together with improved N and metabolisable energy utilisation for milk production.
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production of healthier goat milk use of a concentrate supplemented with a Protected Fat rich in pufa
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2000Co-Authors: M Sanz R Sampelayo, L Perez, J Martin J Alonso, D Moron, J BozaAbstract:In order to obtain healthier goat milk as far as its Fat composition is concerned, milk production and composition trials were carried out with Granadina goats kept in semi-extensive breeding conditions. The animals were feeding indoors with a concentrate supplemented or not with 7% of Fat conveniently Protected against the action of rumen, which had 35% of polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFA). The amount of milk produced was higher (p 0.05), the corresponding yields were higher for consumption of the Fat supplemented concentrate. As for the composition of milk Fat, the use of the supplemented concentrate resulted in Fat with a higher (p<0.05) concentration of PUFA and a lower (p<0.05) concentration of stearic acid. At the same time, the concentration of medium chain triglycerides, which is the specific nutritional value particular to goats’ milk, was the same whichever concentrate was consumed.
Michael Kreuzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of lecithins partly replacing rumen Protected Fat on Fatty acid digestion and composition of cow milk
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2001Co-Authors: Hansrudolf Wettstein, F Sutter, Martin R L Scheeder, Michael KreuzerAbstract:The effects on Fatty acid digestibility and milk Fat composition of calcium soaps of palm oil Fatty acids and of a 25% replacement of the Ca soaps by four different lecithins (raw, deoiled and deoiled/partially hydrolysed soy lecithin, raw canola lecithin) and soybean oil were investigated in six lactating cows each. The complete diets contained the lipid supplements at proportions of 30 g Fatty acids/kg dry matter. Partial replacement of Ca soaps by soy or canola lecithins and soybean oil had small but significant effects on Fatty acid digestion and utilisation, as well as the Fatty acid profile in milk. Relative to Ca soaps alone, C 16:0 digestibility was slightly higher with lecithins, and percentage of conjugated linoleic acid and trans C 18:1 in milk Fat increased while proportion of C 16:0 decreased. Deoiling of lecithins slightly reduced the effects on C 16:0 digestibility and excretion with milk. The influence of lecithin processing was higher than the differences between raw soy and raw canola lecithin. Nevertheless, most of the few effects observed may be related to the Fatty acids supplied with the lecithins but, regarding C 18:1 trans-11 and odd chain Fatty acids, there is some evidence that lecithins impair rumen microbial activity less than soybean oil.
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influence of plant lecithin partly replacing rumen Protected Fat on digestion metabolic traits and performance of dairy cows
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: H R Wettstein, Michael Kreuzer, M Quarella G Forni, F SutterAbstract:Summary Nutrient digestibility, metabolic effects and performance were evaluated in lactating cows (n = 6 × 6) receiving diets containing one of four different lecithins (raw, deoiled and deoiled/partially hydrolysed soy lecithin, raw canola lecithin) or soybean oil in combination with Ca soaps of palm oil Fatty acids in a ratio of 1 : 3. A diet supplemented only with Ca soaps served as a control. The complete diets consisted of forage and concentrate (0.62 : 0.38) and total lipid supplementation was 30 g Fatty acids/kg dietary dry matter. Lecithins had no effect on milk yield and milk composition. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy were highest in the control diet and lowest in the soybean oil diet (p < 0.1) with intermediate values for the lecithin-supplemented diets. Soybean oil particularly reduced fibre digestibility (significant with hemicellulose), whereas this effect was reduced or even missing when lecithins, particularly raw canola lecithin and deoiled/hydrolysed soy lecithin, were used. The digestibility of total Fatty acids was not affected by the treatments. The effects were also not significant for blood plasma traits except for insulin which was significantly higher with raw than with deoiled/hydrolysed soy lecithin. In conclusion, lecithins, particularly those technologically modified or of a low polyenoic Fatty acid content, might be preferred to oils when used as an energy source whereas they failed to improve digestibility of rumen-Protected Fats. Zusammenfassung Einflus des teilweisen Ersatzes von pansengeschutztem Fett durch pflanzliches Lecithin auf Verdauung, Stoffwechselindikatoren und Leistung von Milchkuhen Nahrstoffverdaulichkeit, metabolische Auswirkungen und Milchleistung wurden an laktierenden Kuhen (n = 6 × 6) untersucht, welche Rationen erganzt mit einem von vier Lecithinen (rohes, entoltes oder entoltes/partiell hydrolysiertes Sojalecithin, rohes Rapslecithin) oder mit Sojaol in Kombination mit Calciumseifen auf der Basis von Palmolfettsauren im Verhaltnis 1 : 3 erhielten. Die Kontrollration enthielt nur Ca-Seifen als Fettzulage. Die Gesamtrationen aus Rauhfutter und Kraftfutter (0,62 : 0,38) waren mit 30 g Fettsauren/kg Futter-T supplementiert. Die Lecithine hatten keinen Einfluss auf Milchleistung und Milchinhaltsstoffe. Die scheinbare Verdaulichkeiten von T, OM und Bruttoenergie waren in der Kontrolle am hochsten und in der Sojaolration am tiefsten (p < 0,1), wahrend die Werte bei den Lecithinrationen dazwischen lagen. Insbesondere Sojaol reduzierte die Faserverdauung (signifikant fur Hemicellulose). Hingegen war mit Lecithinen, insbesondere mit rohem Rapslecithin oder entoltem/partiell hydrolysiertem Sojalecithin, die Beeintrachtigung der Faserverdauung geringer oder blieb aus. Auf die Verdaulichkeit der Gesamtfettsauren hatten die Behandlungen keinen Einfluss. Es gab auch keine signifikanten Unterschiede bei Blutplasmavariablen ausgenommen beim Insulin, welches mit rohem Sojalecithin signifikant hoher war als mit entoltem/partiell hydrolysiertem Sojalecithin. Lecithine, insbesondere solche mit niedrigem Polyensaurengehalt, konnten somit als Energiequelle Pflanzenolen vorzuziehen sein, fuhrten aber im vorliegenden Fall zu keiner Verbesserung der Verdaulichkeit von pansengeschutzten Fetten.
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comparative evaluation of the effects of coconut oil oilseeds and crystalline Fat on methane release digestion and energy balance in lambs
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2000Co-Authors: A Machmuller, D A Ossowski, Michael KreuzerAbstract:The effects of coconut oil, crushed whole oilseeds (rapeseed, sunflower seed and linseed) and rumen-Protected crystalline Fat on methane release, digestion and energy balance in growing lambs were evaluated in relation to an unsupplemented control diet. The diets consisted of maize silage, grass hay and concentrate which was supplemented with the respective lipid source. On average, the five lipid-supplemented diets contained 56 g ether extract per kg dry matter, whereas the unsupplemented control diet had 31 g kg ˇ1 dry matter The experiment was carried out with 12 lambs in an incomplete 66 Latin square with each lamb being fed, subsequently, three different diets for 3 weeks. Feed was allocated according to calculated requirements of metabolizable protein and energy. Gaseous exchange was measured in open-circuit respiratory chambers. Coconut oil supplementation reduced (p<0.1) methane release per kg live weight by 26% compared to control, and with the use of rapeseed, sunflower seed and linseed the relative reduction was 19%, 27% and 10%, respectively. The effects of the lipid supplementations on methane release were significant when related to gross energy intake (p<0.05), CO2 release (p<0.05) and total energy loss (p<0.01). A persistence of the methane suppression seems to be given at least partially. Supplementing the oilseeds, particularly sunflower seed, reduced (p<0.05) the apparent digestibilities of NDF and ADF. This suggests that the reduced fermentation of fiber was also important for the methane suppression by oilseeds whereas with coconut oil treatment the direct inhibitory effects on rumen methanogens might have been predominant. Lipid supplementation, except of rumen-Protected Fat, reduced rumen fluid ciliate count (p<0.1) and total VFA concentration (p<0.05), and depressed the concentration of acetate (p<0.05) and butyrate (p<0.001). This diminished (p<0.05) the ratio of acetate to propionate. The apparent digestibilities of individual Fatty acids were relatively high in all
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comparative evaluation of rumen Protected Fat coconut oil and various oilseeds supplemented to Fattening bulls 2 effects on composition and oxidative stability of adipose tissues
Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: Monica M Casutt, M R L Scheeder, D A Ossowski, F Sutter, B J Sliwinski, Ada A Danilo, Michael KreuzerAbstract:The effects of five different dietary Fat supplements on Fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of subcutaneous and kidney Fat were evaluated in 36 Brown Swiss bulls and compared to a low Fat diet in a monofactorial design. The following Fat supplements were provided as additional Fat at 30 g per kg feed dry matter: crystalline rumen-Protected Fat, coconut oil, and three types of crushed whole oilseeds (rapeseed, sunflower seed and linseed). Adipose tissues reflected differences (P < 0.05) in dietary Fatty acid composition although to a lower extent. Using Protected Fat, which contained elevated levels of trans Fatty acids, and sunflower seed, containing a high proportion of linoleic acid, significantly increased C18:1 trans Fatty acid proportion in the adipose tissues. The use of sunflower seed increased conjugated linoleic acid. The oilseeds resulted in lower amounts of C16:0 in favour of C18:0. Except for linseed, all Fat supplemented groups improved oxidative stability of adipose tissues as compared with control. This was explained by lower proportions of unsaturated Fatty acids in adipose tissue (Protected Fat), by elevated alpha-tocopherol contents (rapeseed, sunflower seed) or by a combination of both (coconut oil). Fat colour remained unaffected by treatments. Compared to other Fat supplements oilseeds, especially sunflower seed and rapeseed, can therefore be recommended to be fed to bulls in order to increase the proportions of C18 unsaturated Fatty acids in adipose tissues and to maintain or improve oxidative stability.
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comparative evaluation of rumen Protected Fat coconut oil and various oilseeds supplemented to Fattening bulls 1 effects on growth carcass and meat quality
Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: F Sutter, Monica M Casutt, M R L Scheeder, D A Ossowski, Michael KreuzerAbstract:Growth performance, carcass and meat quality were determined in 36 Fattening Brown Swiss bulls fed with maize silage‐hay‐concentrate based rations supplemented with Fats and various oilseeds. The concentrate diet in the control group contained only barley and soybean meal, while the treated groups included, as partial replacement of the concentrate, rumen‐Protected crystalline Fat, coconut oil, whole crushed rapeseed, sunflower seed or linseed, providing additional 3% Fat of total ration dry matter. Animals were housed in groups of six with one representative of each treatment in a monofactorial design and feed was offered using transponder controlled equipments. Daily gains were similar for control, Protected Fat, rapeseed and linseed treatments (1240 g/d on average), but were lower (P < 0.05) with sunflower seed (1135 g/d) and coconut oil (1038 g/d). Corresponding differences (P < 0.05) in carcass weights were observed. All Fat supplemented groups had reduced rumen fluid protozoa counts (P < 0.05). Carc...
H M Hammon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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milk performance and glucose metabolism in dairy cows fed rumen Protected Fat during mid lactation
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: A K Lohrenz, K Duske, B Losand, K Nurnberg, Cornelia C Metges, F Schneider, H M Seyfert, H M HammonAbstract:Feeding rumen-Protected Fat (RPF) can improve energy supply for dairy cows but it affects glucose metabolism. Glucose availability is a precondition for high milk production in dairy cows. Therefore, this study investigated endocrine regulation of glucose homeostasis and hepatic gene expression related to glucose production because of RPF feeding in lactating cows. Eighteen Holstein dairy cows during second lactation were fed either a diet containing RPF (mainly C16:0 and C18:1; FD; n = 9) or a control diet based on corn starch (SD; n = 9) for 4 wk starting at 98 d in milk (DIM). Feed intake and milk yield were measured daily and milk composition once a week. Blood samples were taken weekly for analyses of plasma triglyceride, nonesterified Fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate, bilirubin, urea, lactate, glucose, insulin, and glucagon. At 124 DIM, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT; 1g/kg of BW(0.75)) was performed after a 12-h period without food. Blood samples were taken before and 7, 14, 21, and 28 min after glucose administration, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured. Glucose half-life as well as areas under the concentration curve for glucose, insulin, and glucagon were calculated. After slaughter at d 28 of treatment, liver samples were taken to measure mRNA abundance of pyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and facilitative glucose transporter 2. Dry matter intake, but not energy and protein intake, was lower in FD than in SD. Milk yield during lactation decreased more in SD than in FD, and milk protein was lower in FD than in SD. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides and NEFA were higher in FD than in SD. Plasma insulin concentrations were lower and the glucagon:insulin ratios were higher in FD than in SD. Fasting glucose concentration before GTT was lower, and fasting glucagon concentrations tended to be higher in FD than in SD. In liver, Fat content tended to be higher and G6Pase mRNA abundance was lower in FD than in SD. Lower hepatic G6Pase mRNA abundance was associated with reduced fasting plasma glucose concentrations, but the glucose-induced insulin response was not affected by RPF feeding. Hepatic G6Pase gene expression might be affected by DMI and might be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in dairy cows, resulting in a lower hepatic glucose output after RPF feeding.
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metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows fed a diet containing rumen Protected Fat during the last twelve weeks of gestation
Journal of Dairy Science, 2009Co-Authors: K Duske, H M Hammon, A K Langhof, O Bellmann, B Losand, K Nurnberg, Gerd Nurnberg, H Sauerwein, Hansmartin Seyfert, Cornelia C MetgesAbstract:Effects of dietary Fat supplementation prepartum on liver lipids and metabolism in dairy cows are contradictory. Thus, we examined in 18 German Holstein cows (half-sib; first lactation 305-d milk yield >9,000 kg) whether dietary Fat:carbohydrate ratio during the last trimester of gestation affects lipid metabolism and milk yield. The diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous but differed in rumen-Protected Fat (FD; 28 and 46.5 g/kg of dry matter during far-off and close-up dry period; mainly C16:0 and C18:1) and starch concentration [carbohydrate diet (CD); 2.3 times as much starch as FD]. Diets were given ad libitum starting 12 wk before expected parturition. After parturition all cows were fed a single lactation diet ad libitum for 14 wk. With the FD treatment, dry matter intake was depressed prepartum, milk yield during first 4 wk of lactation was lower (36.9 vs. 41.0 kg/d), and postpartum energy balance during this period was more negative. During the first 4 wk, cows in the FD group had lower lactose percentage and yield but higher milk Fat, whereas milk protein and Fat yield as well as energy-corrected milk did not differ. Between wk 5 and 14, milk Fat and milk protein percentage was lower in CD than in FD. Milk Fat C14:0 was lower and C16:1 was higher in the FD group. For FD cows, plasma triacylglycerol, nonesterified Fatty acids, and cholesterol concentrations were higher prepartum, whereas plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations were lower. During the first 10 d after parturition, plasma triacylglycerol concentration was higher in FD, and prepartum plasma glucose and cholesterol differences persisted during the first 14 wk of lactation. Irrespective of prepartum nutrient composition, concentrations of plasma leptin and subcutaneous Fat leptin mRNA decreased between -10 d to +10 d relative to parturition, and liver lipids and glycogen reached maximum and minimal values, respectively, 10 d after parturition. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha mRNA abundance in subcutaneous Fat decreased between -10 d to +1 d relative to parturition by 97%, whereas it was generally much lower in the liver and remained at a low level until wk 14 of lactation. In conclusion, feeding a diet containing rumen-Protected Fat during late lactation and dry period until calving negatively affected dry matter intake, energy balance, and milk yield during subsequent lactation, did not change acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha mRNA abundance in subcutaneous Fat, and was not beneficial for liver lipid accumulation.
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metabolic changes and net portal flux in dairy cows fed a ration containing rumen Protected Fat as compared to a control diet
Journal of Dairy Science, 2008Co-Authors: H M Hammon, O Bellmann, Gerd Nurnberg, Cornelia C Metges, F Schneider, Peter Junghans, Frank Becker, P Dubreuil, H LapierreAbstract:Feeding rumen-Protected Fat (RPF) is an alternative to increase energy density of the diet and therefore energy intake in dairy cows. To investigate metabolic and endocrine changes in dairy cows fed either a diet containing RPF (FD) or a control diet with an increased amount of cornstarch (SD), 3 Holstein cows (83 +/- 1 d in milk) were fitted with catheters in the portal vein, a mesenteric artery, and 2 mesenteric veins. Cows were fed consecutively SD and FD for 3 wk, respectively. In FD, cornstarch [92 g/kg of dry matter (DM)] was replaced by 50 g of RPF/kg of DM (mainly C16:0 and C18:1). Tracer infusions of NaH(13)CO3 and D-[U-(13)C6]glucose were performed into a jugular vein to measure rate of appearance and oxidation of glucose. Arterial and portal blood samples were collected to measure concentrations of glucose, lactate, volatile Fatty acids, nonesterified Fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, AA, insulin, and glucagon. Concomitantly, para-aminohippurate was infused into a mesenteric vein for measurement of portal plasma flow. Although DM intake was slightly lower in FD, protein and energy intakes were unaffected by diets. Milk and lactose yields were higher in FD than SD. Arterial plasma glucose concentration was lower with FD than SD, whereas nonesterified Fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations were higher in FD. Glucagon concentration and glucagon-to-insulin ratio were both augmented by FD feeding. When feeding FD, greater milk and lactose yields, but not energy-corrected milk, were associated with elevated lipid status and higher glucagon concentrations but occurred despite lower plasma glucose concentration and were not linked with changes in whole body glucose rate of appearance. This study suggests a glucose-sparing effect allowing an enhanced lactose synthesis when feeding RPF.
