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Rajiv T Erasmus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals not on antiretroviral treatment.
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Annalise E Zemlin, Hayley Ipp, Sechaba Maleka, Rajiv T ErasmusAbstract:BackgroundB lymphocyte stimulation is described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and results in ongoing immunoglobulin production with abnormal serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns. We hypothesized that serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns would be abnormal in untreated HIV subjects and correlate with markers of disease severity.MethodsSerum Protein Electrophoresis was performed on 70 HIV-positive, clinically well treatment-naive subjects and 42 HIV-negative controls and correlated with markers of disease severity, namely CD4+ counts, viral loads, IgG and albumin.ResultsThe mean age for both groups was 33 years, and female-to-male ratios were 4:1. All were of Black ethnicity. Mean CD4 counts ± SD for HIV group and controls were 419.5 ± 218.6 and 960.4 ± 378.5 cells/mm3, respectively. Of the HIV-infected group, 44% showed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia versus 10% of controls (P
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Serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals not on antiretroviral treatment.
Annals of clinical biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Annalise E Zemlin, Hayley Ipp, Sechaba Maleka, Rajiv T ErasmusAbstract:B lymphocyte stimulation is described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and results in ongoing immunoglobulin production with abnormal serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns. We hypothesized that serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns would be abnormal in untreated HIV subjects and correlate with markers of disease severity. Serum Protein Electrophoresis was performed on 70 HIV-positive, clinically well treatment-naïve subjects and 42 HIV-negative controls and correlated with markers of disease severity, namely CD4+ counts, viral loads, IgG and albumin. The mean age for both groups was 33 years, and female-to-male ratios were 4:1. All were of Black ethnicity. Mean CD4 counts ± SD for HIV group and controls were 419.5 ± 218.6 and 960.4 ± 378.5 cells/mm(3), respectively. Of the HIV-infected group, 44% showed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia versus 10% of controls (P < 0.01). The HIV group had 27% with an abnormal pattern requiring immunofixation which revealed nine (12.5% of total) had oligoclonal bands, seven (10.3% of total) had polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia and three (4% of total) had monoclonal bands. CD4+ counts were lower in those with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia or abnormal serum Protein Electrophoresis. Interestingly, viral load results showed no statistically significant differences. We found a remarkably high level (53%) of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia in our untreated population compared with uninfected controls (10%). Only 4% of the HIV-positive group had a monoclonal band. Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia correlated significantly with lower CD4+ counts. These results highlight the generalized B cell stimulation in untreated HIV infection. Future longitudinal studies will be important to determine the prognostic value of these findings. © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.
Annalise E Zemlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals not on antiretroviral treatment.
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Annalise E Zemlin, Hayley Ipp, Sechaba Maleka, Rajiv T ErasmusAbstract:BackgroundB lymphocyte stimulation is described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and results in ongoing immunoglobulin production with abnormal serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns. We hypothesized that serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns would be abnormal in untreated HIV subjects and correlate with markers of disease severity.MethodsSerum Protein Electrophoresis was performed on 70 HIV-positive, clinically well treatment-naive subjects and 42 HIV-negative controls and correlated with markers of disease severity, namely CD4+ counts, viral loads, IgG and albumin.ResultsThe mean age for both groups was 33 years, and female-to-male ratios were 4:1. All were of Black ethnicity. Mean CD4 counts ± SD for HIV group and controls were 419.5 ± 218.6 and 960.4 ± 378.5 cells/mm3, respectively. Of the HIV-infected group, 44% showed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia versus 10% of controls (P
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Serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals not on antiretroviral treatment.
Annals of clinical biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Annalise E Zemlin, Hayley Ipp, Sechaba Maleka, Rajiv T ErasmusAbstract:B lymphocyte stimulation is described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and results in ongoing immunoglobulin production with abnormal serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns. We hypothesized that serum Protein Electrophoresis patterns would be abnormal in untreated HIV subjects and correlate with markers of disease severity. Serum Protein Electrophoresis was performed on 70 HIV-positive, clinically well treatment-naïve subjects and 42 HIV-negative controls and correlated with markers of disease severity, namely CD4+ counts, viral loads, IgG and albumin. The mean age for both groups was 33 years, and female-to-male ratios were 4:1. All were of Black ethnicity. Mean CD4 counts ± SD for HIV group and controls were 419.5 ± 218.6 and 960.4 ± 378.5 cells/mm(3), respectively. Of the HIV-infected group, 44% showed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia versus 10% of controls (P < 0.01). The HIV group had 27% with an abnormal pattern requiring immunofixation which revealed nine (12.5% of total) had oligoclonal bands, seven (10.3% of total) had polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia and three (4% of total) had monoclonal bands. CD4+ counts were lower in those with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia or abnormal serum Protein Electrophoresis. Interestingly, viral load results showed no statistically significant differences. We found a remarkably high level (53%) of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia in our untreated population compared with uninfected controls (10%). Only 4% of the HIV-positive group had a monoclonal band. Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia correlated significantly with lower CD4+ counts. These results highlight the generalized B cell stimulation in untreated HIV infection. Future longitudinal studies will be important to determine the prognostic value of these findings. © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.
Peter Mollee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Proposed Addendum to 2012 Recommendations for Standardised Reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Australia and New Zealand.
The Clinical biochemist. Reviews, 2019Co-Authors: Jillian R. Tate, Joel D. Smith, Nilika Wijeratne, Peter MolleeAbstract:It is apparent that there is a need for greater harmonisation of the reporting and quantification of paraProteins on Protein Electrophoresis with the introduction of the electronic health record and recent survey findings indicating ongoing areas of heterogeneity on serum Protein Electrophoresis. The proposed addendum aims to update the 2012 recommendations for standardised reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Australia and New Zealand. The sections which need to be updated include those on the quantification of gamma- and non-gamma-migrating paraProteins; interpretive commenting in specimens with a paraProtein and/or small abnormal bands; the utility of serum free light chains compared with Bence Jones Protein measurement; and a new table with interpretive commenting for serum free light chains. It is expected that such standardised reporting will reduce both variation between laboratories and the risk of misinterpretation of results.
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Recommendations for standardized reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Australia and New Zealand.
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Jillian R. Tate, Margaret A. Jenkins, Helen Martin, Grahame Caldwell, James Daly, David Gillis, Sue Jovanovich, Richard Steele, Louise Wienholt, Peter MolleeAbstract:BackgroundAlthough Protein Electrophoresis of serum (SPEP) and urine (UPEP) specimens is a well-established laboratory technique, the reporting of results using this important method varies conside...
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Recommendations for standardized reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Australia and New Zealand.
Annals of clinical biochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Jillian Tate, Helen Martin, Grahame Caldwell, James Daly, David Gillis, Sue Jovanovich, Richard Steele, Louise Wienholt, M Jenkins, Peter MolleeAbstract:Although Protein Electrophoresis of serum (SPEP) and urine (UPEP) specimens is a well-established laboratory technique, the reporting of results using this important method varies considerably between laboratories. The Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists recognized a need to adopt a standardized approach to reporting SPEP and UPEP by clinical laboratories. A Working Party considered available data including published literature and clinical studies, together with expert opinion in order to establish optimal reporting practices. A position paper was produced, which was subsequently revised through a consensus process involving scientists and pathologists with expertise in the field throughout Australia and New Zealand. Recommendations for standardized reporting of Protein Electrophoresis have been produced. These cover analytical requirements: detection systems; serum Protein and albumin quantification; fractionation into alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and gamma fractions; paraProtein quantification; urine Bence Jones Protein quantification; paraProtein characterization; and laboratory performance, expertise and staffing. The recommendations also include general interpretive commenting and commenting for specimens with paraProteins and small bands together with illustrative examples of reports. Recommendations are provided for standardized reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Australia and New Zealand. It is expected that such standardized reporting formats will reduce both variation between laboratories and the risk of misinterpretation of results.
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Recommendations for Standardised Reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Australia and New Zealand
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Jillian R. Tate, Helen Martin, Grahame Caldwell, James Daly, David Gillis, Sue Jovanovich, Richard Steele, Peter Mollee, M Jenkins, Louise WienholtAbstract:Background: Although Protein Electrophoresis of serum (SPEP) and urine (UPEP) specimens is a well-established laboratory technique, the reporting of results using this important method varies considerably between laboratories. The Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists recognized a need to adopt a standardized approach to reporting SPEP and UPEP by clinical laboratories. Methods: A Working Party considered available data including published literature and clinical studies, together with expert opinion in order to establish optimal reporting practices. A position paper was produced, which was subsequently revised through a consensus process involving scientists and pathologists with expertise in the field throughout Australia and New Zealand. Results: Recommendations for standardized reporting of Protein Electrophoresis have been produced. These cover analytical requirements: detection systems; serum Protein and albumin quantification; fractionation into alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and gamma fractions; paraProtein quantification; urine Bence Jones Protein quantification; paraProtein characterization; and laboratory performance, expertise and staffing. The recommendations also include general interpretive commenting and commenting for specimens with paraProteins and small bands together with illustrative examples of reports. Conclusions: Recommendations are provided for standardized reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Australia and New Zealand. It is expected that such standardized reporting formats will reduce both variation between laboratories and the risk of misinterpretation of results.
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clinical aspects of standardised Protein Electrophoresis and immunofixation reporting
Pathology, 2011Co-Authors: David Gillis, Helen Martin, Grahame Caldwell, James Daly, Sue Jovanovich, Richard Steele, Peter Mollee, M Jenkins, Jill Tate, Louise WienholtAbstract:Background Electrophoresis is a long established technique in both pathology laboratories and is a principal test in the diagnosis and follow up of plasma cell dyscracias. In spite of this there have been few projects looking into standardisation. Clinical issues A Working Party was established last year from a number of interested groups and has developed recommendations in reporting of serum (SPEP) and urine (UPEP) specimens. Clinical aspects of these recommendations will be discussed together with implications for laboratories. Clinical aspects which will be discussed include general interpretative comments, comment on samples with a paraProtein, comments on paraProteins in the non-gamma regions, small abnormal bands on SPEP in patients with a known paraProtein, e.g., post-stem cell transplantation, and comments on first presentation of a small abnormal band on SPEP in patients without a known paraProtein. It is expected that standardised Protein Electrophoresis work practices will reduce variation in reporting of SPEP and UPEP between laboratories.
Gyorgy Csako - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protein Electrophoresis, immunoElectrophoresis and immunofixation Electrophoresis as predictors for high-risk phenotype in familial Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
International journal of cancer, 2008Co-Authors: Mary L. Mcmaster, Gyorgy CsakoAbstract:Protein Electrophoresis is used for the detection, evaluation and follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) conditions such as Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE) is currently the most common method for isotyping of monoclonal gammopathy because of its superior sensitivity relative to immunoElectrophoresis (IEP). We designed a study to evaluate the clinicobiological relevance of small monoclonal bands detected by serum Protein Electrophoresis, IEP, and IFE. Serum Protein Electrophoresis, IEP, and IFE were used to evaluate possible monoclonal gammopathy in 46 members (29 relatives and 17 nonbloodline spouses) from 3 families with multiple cases of WM. IFE identified small monoclonal bands initially missed by IEP in 5 individuals (2 blood relatives, 3 spouses) among 46 study participants. All bands were IgM type. Twenty-three individuals, including the 2 blood relatives and 2 of 3 spouses with monoclonal gammopathy, were then followed for a median of 17 years (range, 13-25). The monoclonal gammopathy progressed in the 2 relatives but disappeared in the spouses, and new IgM MG developed in 2 additional relatives with a prior history of IgM polyclonal gammopathy. Small monoclonal bands detected by IFE in a familial context may be biologically meaningful, both as phenotypic biomarkers and possibly as predictors of high risk for WM. Polyclonal IgM may also be a marker of genetic susceptibility in WM families. Larger studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Protein Electrophoresis immunoElectrophoresis and immunofixation Electrophoresis as predictors for high risk phenotype in familial waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
International Journal of Cancer, 2007Co-Authors: Mary L. Mcmaster, Gyorgy CsakoAbstract:Protein Electrophoresis is used for the detection, evaluation and follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) conditions such as Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE) is currently the most common method for isotyping of monoclonal gammopathy because of its superior sensitivity relative to immunoElectrophoresis (IEP). We designed a study to evaluate the clinicobiological relevance of small monoclonal bands detected by serum Protein Electrophoresis, IEP, and IFE. Serum Protein Electrophoresis, IEP, and IFE were used to evaluate possible monoclonal gammopathy in 46 members (29 relatives and 17 nonbloodline spouses) from 3 families with multiple cases of WM. IFE identified small monoclonal bands initially missed by IEP in 5 individuals (2 blood relatives, 3 spouses) among 46 study participants. All bands were IgM type. Twenty-three individuals, including the 2 blood relatives and 2 of 3 spouses with monoclonal gammopathy, were then followed for a median of 17 years (range, 13–25). The monoclonal gammopathy progressed in the 2 relatives but disappeared in the spouses, and new IgM MG developed in 2 additional relatives with a prior history of IgM polyclonal gammopathy. Small monoclonal bands detected by IFE in a familial context may be biologically meaningful, both as phenotypic biomarkers and possibly as predictors of high risk for WM. Polyclonal IgM may also be a marker of genetic susceptibility in WM families. Larger studies are needed to confirm these observations. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Carolyn Cray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Serum amyloid A and plasma Protein Electrophoresis fractions in farmed white-tailed deer:
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2019Co-Authors: Carolyn Cray, Roxanne I. Knibb, Jeffrey R. KnibbAbstract:Tools to measure the acute-phase response have been utilized widely in veterinary medicine. Evaluation by plasma Protein Electrophoresis (PPEP) has become an increasingly common assay in veterinary...
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Plasma Protein Electrophoresis and Acute Phase Proteins in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Following Exploratory Coeliotomy
Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Emily F. Christiansen, Carolyn Cray, Gregory A. Lewbart, Craig A. HarmsAbstract:Abstract Measuring plasma Protein Electrophoresis fractions and plasma concentrations of acute phase Proteins (APPs) is commonly used to monitor inflammation and illness in mammalian species, but its use is not widespread in fish species, despite the presence of similar Proteins. This study aims to determine plasma Protein Electrophoresis values for koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) and to assess the use of plasma Protein Electrophoresis and commercially available assays for 3 primary APPs (C-reactive Protein, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin) as markers of inflammation in 13 koi following invasive surgery. Median packed cell volume decreased by nearly 50% but recovered to baseline by 14 days postsurgery. Plasma Protein Electrophoresis fractions were consistent across the experimental period and did not demonstrate an inflammatory pattern, but electrophoretograms exhibited variation between individual fish. No clinically meaningful changes were observed in the APPs of the test subjects 28 days following surgery. Despite grossly evident inflammation of the incision line, either this surgical procedure did not stimulate a marked systemic inflammatory response, or the available assays are not effective in detecting the acute phase inflammatory response in this fish species.
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Quantitation of Acute Phase Proteins and Protein Electrophoresis Fractions in Ferrets
Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Michelle L. Ravich, Cathy A. Johnson-delaney, Susan A. Kelleher, Laurie R. Hess, Kristopher L. Arheart, Carolyn CrayAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of acute phase Protein assays for C-reactive Protein, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A, as well as Protein Electrophoresis, in ferrets. Samples from 41 clinically normal and 52 clinically abnormal pet ferrets were submitted from veterinary clinics within the United States. Reference intervals were calculated for all analytes from the clinically normal group using the robust method. The clinically abnormal group demonstrated significant elevations in the concentrations of the following analytes ( P
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Galactomannan Assay and Plasma Protein Electrophoresis Findings in Psittacine Birds With Aspergillosis
Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 2009Co-Authors: Carolyn Cray, Fern Van Sant, Daphne Champagne, Rhoda Stevenson, Vanessa Rolfe, Drury Reavill, April Romagnano, Chris Griffin, Susan ClubbAbstract:In psittacine birds, the antemortem diagnosis of aspergillosis is usually based on the clinical signalment combined with the results of diagnostic tests such as radiography, routine hematologic and biochemical analysis, and biopsy. For several years, plasma Protein Electrophoresis has been used as an ancillary diagnostic technique in forming a diagnosis and treatment plan in avian species. More recently, a commercially available assay to measure galactomannan, an Aspergillus species antigen, has been described for clinical use in humans, cattle, horses, dogs, and gyr falcons. This report describes several confirmed cases of aspergillosis, with accompanying clinical data, including plasma Protein Electrophoresis and galactomannan assay results, in addition to results of traditional evaluations by hematology, radiography, and biopsy. In clinical cases in psittacine birds, the galactomannan assay appears useful for detecting circulating Aspergillus antibody.
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Protein Electrophoresis of psittacine plasma.
Veterinary clinical pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Carolyn Cray, Marilyn Rodriguez, Julia ZaiasAbstract:Background: Although Protein Electrophoresis (EPH) has been widely applied in human and veterinary medicine, it has only recently been implemented in the analysis of avian samples. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the application of Protein EPH to the analysis of psittacine plasma samples. Our goals were to describe Protein fraction mobility, establish reference intervals for some common species, determine the coefficient of variation (CV) of the chosen method, and examine the effects of sample handling and sample condition. Methods: Heparinized plasma samples from several common psittacine species (minimum sample size 50 each) were examined using the Beckman Paragon system and SPEP-II gels. Total Protein was measured by refractometry. Reference intervals (95%) were calculated by the rank methods. Results: Fraction migration patterns were found to vary among common psittacine species. Day-to-day CV for the EPH fractions ranged from 2.2% to 10.5%; within-run CV ranged from 4.8% to 10.8%; and total CV ranged from 3.2% to 14.8%. The highest CV was noted for the poorly defined α-globulin fraction. Prolonged refrigeration, repeated freeze-thawing, hemolysis, and lipemia altered the results. Conclusions: Protein fractions from psittacine species were variable in terms of migration pattern and Protein concentration, which necessitates the use of species-specific reference intervals. Avian Protein electrophoretic patterns and values should be interpreted based on knowledge of the CV associated with the technique as well as on the effects of sample handling and condition.
