The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xincheng Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Distribution of Serotonin-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Brain and Gnathal Ganglion of Caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera
Frontiers Media S.A., 2019Co-Authors: Qing-bo Tang, Guiying Xie, Wei-wei Song, Ya-jun Chang, Wen-bo Chen, Xincheng ZhaoAbstract:Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important biogenic amine that acts as a neural circuit modulator. It is widespread in the central nervous system of insects. However, little is known about the distribution of serotonin in the nervous system of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemical experiments with anti-serotonin serum to examine the distribution of serotonin in the central nervous system of H. armigera larvae. We found about 40 serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the brain and about 20 in the gnathal ganglion. Most of these neurons are wide-field neurons giving rise to processes throughout the neuropils of the brain and the gnathal ganglion. In the central brain, serotonin-immunoreactive processes are present bilaterally in the tritocerebrum, the deutocerebrum, and major regions of the Protocerebrum, including the central body (CB), lateral accessory lobes (LALs), clamps, crepine, superior Protocerebrum, and lateral Protocerebrum. The CB, anterior ventrolateral Protocerebrum (AVLP), and posterior optic tubercle (POTU) contain extensive serotonin-immunoreactive process terminals. However, the regions of mushroom bodies, the lateral horn, and protocerebral bridges (PBs) are devoid of serotonin-immunoreactivity. In the gnathal ganglion, the serotonin-immunoreactive processes are also widespread throughout the neuropil, and some process projections extend to the tritocerebrum. Our results provide the first comprehensive description of the serotonergic neuronal network in H. armigera larvae, and they reveal the neural architecture and the distribution of neural substances, allowing us to explore the neural mechanisms of behaviors by using electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches on the target regions
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distribution of tachykinin related peptides in the brain of the tobacco budworm heliothis virescens
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2017Co-Authors: Guiying Xie, Xincheng Zhao, Bente Gunnveig Berg, Joachim Schachtner, Uwe HombergAbstract:Invertebrate tachykinin-related peptides comprise a group of signaling molecules having sequence similarities to mammalian tachykinins. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the presence of tachykinin-related peptides in the central nervous system of insects. In this investigation, we used an antiserum against locustatachykinin-II to reveal the distribution pattern of these peptides in the brain of the moth Heliothis virescens. Immunolabeling was found throughout the brain of the heliothine moth. Most of the roughly 500 locustatachykinin-II immunoreactive cell bodies, i.e. ca 400, were located in the Protocerebrum, whereas the rest was distributed in the deutocerebrum, tritocerebrum, and the gnathal ganglion. Abundant immunoreactive processes were located in the same regions. Labelled processes in the Protocerebrum were especially localized in optic lobe, central body, lateral accessory lobe, superior Protocerebrum, and lateral Protocerebrum, while those in the deutocerebrum were present exclusively in the antennal lobe. In addition to brain interneurons, four pairs of median neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis with terminal processes in the corpora cardiaca and aorta wall were immunostained. No sexual dimorphism in immunoreactivity was found. Comparing the data obtained here with findings from other insect species reveals considerable differences, suggesting species-specific roles of tachykinin-related peptides in insects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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sound sensitive neurons innervate the ventro lateral Protocerebrum of the heliothine moth brain
Cell and Tissue Research, 2014Co-Authors: Gerit Pfuhl, Xincheng Zhao, Elena Ian, Annemarie Surlykke, Bente Gunnveig BergAbstract:Many noctuid moth species perceive ultrasound via tympanic ears that are located at the metathorax. Whereas the neural processing of auditory information is well studied at the peripheral and first synaptic level, little is known about the features characterizing higher order sound-sensitive neurons in the moth brain. During intracellular recordings from the lateral Protocerebrum in the brain of three noctuid moth species, Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta, we found an assembly of neurons responding to transient sound pulses of broad bandwidth. The majority of the auditory neurons ascended from the ventral cord and ramified densely within the anterior region of the ventro-lateral Protocerebrum. The physiological and morphological characteristics of these auditory neurons were similar. We detected one additional sound-sensitive neuron, a brain interneuron with its soma positioned near the calyces of mushroom bodies and with numerous neuronal processes in the ventro-lateral Protocerebrum. Mass-staining of ventral-cord neurons supported the assumption that the ventro-lateral region of the moth brain was the main target for the auditory projections ascending from the ventral cord.
Marcelo J Villar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distribution and characterization of corazonin in the central nervous system of triatoma infestans insecta heteroptera
Peptides, 2011Co-Authors: Beatriz P Settembrini, Daniela De Pasquale, Melissa Postal, Célia R. Carlini, Paulo Marcos Pinto, Marcelo J VillarAbstract:The distribution of corazonin in the central nervous system of the heteropteran insect Triatoma infestans was studied by immunohistochemistry. The presence of corazonin isoforms was investigated using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in samples containing the brain, the subesophageal ganglion, the corpora cardiaca-corpus allatum complex and the anterior part of the aorta. Several groups of immunopositive perikarya were detected in the brain, the subesophageal ganglion and the thoracic ganglia. Regarding the brain, three clusters were observed in the Protocerebrum. One of these clusters was formed by somata located near the entrance of the ocellar nerves whose fibers supplied the aorta and the corpora cardiaca. The remaining groups of the Protocerebrum were located in the lateral soma cortex and at the boundary of the Protocerebrum with the optic lobe. The optic lobe housed immunoreactive somata in the medial soma layer of the lobula and at the level of the first optic chiasma. The neuropils of the deutocerebrum and the tritocerebrum were immunostained, but no immunoreactive perikarya were detected. In the subesophageal ganglion, immunostained somata were found in the soma layers of the mandibular and labial neuromeres, whereas in the mesothoracic ganglionic mass, they were observed in the mesothoracic, metathoracic and abdominal neuromeres. Immunostained neurites were also found in the esophageal wall. The distribution pattern of corazonin like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of this species suggests that corazonin may act as a neurohormone. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that [Arg(7)]-corazonin was the only isoform of the neuropeptide present in T. infestans tissue samples.
Uwe Homberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distribution of tachykinin related peptides in the brain of the tobacco budworm heliothis virescens
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2017Co-Authors: Guiying Xie, Xincheng Zhao, Bente Gunnveig Berg, Joachim Schachtner, Uwe HombergAbstract:Invertebrate tachykinin-related peptides comprise a group of signaling molecules having sequence similarities to mammalian tachykinins. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the presence of tachykinin-related peptides in the central nervous system of insects. In this investigation, we used an antiserum against locustatachykinin-II to reveal the distribution pattern of these peptides in the brain of the moth Heliothis virescens. Immunolabeling was found throughout the brain of the heliothine moth. Most of the roughly 500 locustatachykinin-II immunoreactive cell bodies, i.e. ca 400, were located in the Protocerebrum, whereas the rest was distributed in the deutocerebrum, tritocerebrum, and the gnathal ganglion. Abundant immunoreactive processes were located in the same regions. Labelled processes in the Protocerebrum were especially localized in optic lobe, central body, lateral accessory lobe, superior Protocerebrum, and lateral Protocerebrum, while those in the deutocerebrum were present exclusively in the antennal lobe. In addition to brain interneurons, four pairs of median neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis with terminal processes in the corpora cardiaca and aorta wall were immunostained. No sexual dimorphism in immunoreactivity was found. Comparing the data obtained here with findings from other insect species reveals considerable differences, suggesting species-specific roles of tachykinin-related peptides in insects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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organization and neural connections of the anterior optic tubercle in the brain of the locust schistocerca gregaria
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: Uwe Homberg, Sabine Hofer, Keram Pfeiffer, Stephan GebhardtAbstract:The anterior optic tubercle is a small neuropil in the insect brain and a major target of visual interneurons from the optic lobe. The functional role of the tubercle is poorly understood, but recent evidence from locusts points to a possible involvement in polarization vision. The present study examines the organization of the anterior optic tubercle in the locust Schistocerca gregaria and its connections with other brain areas. The tubercle of the locust consists of an upper and a lower subunit. Both units are connected in parallel with the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, with the contralateral tubercle, and with the lateral accessory lobe in the median Protocerebrum. Wide-field transmedullary neurons provide input from the medulla. Neurons with processes in the dorsal rim of the medulla, a relay station in the polarization vision pathway, project exclusively to the lower unit of the tubercle. Visual input from the lobula to the upper and lower unit originates from topographically distinct strata. The most prominent output target of the tubercle is the lateral accessory lobe in the median Protocerebrum. Neurons from the upper unit project widely in the lateral accessory lobe, whereas neurons from the lower unit have focused projections confined to the median olive and to the lateral triangle. The two subunits of the anterior optic tubercle are, therefore, processing stages in two parallel visual pathways from the optic lobe to the median Protocerebrum. Pathways via the lower unit of the tubercle appear to be involved in polarization vision. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:415–430, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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crustacean cardioactive peptide immunoreactive neurons innervating brain neuropils retrocerebral complex and stomatogastric nervous system of the locust locusta migratoria
Cell and Tissue Research, 1995Co-Authors: Uwe HombergAbstract:The distribution and morphology of crustacean cardioactive peptide-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the locust Locusta migratoria has been determined. Of more than 500 immunoreactive neurons in total, about 380 are interneurons in the optic lobes. These neurons invade several layers of the medulla and distal parts of the lobula. In addition, a small group of neurons projects into the accessory medulla, the lamina, and to several areas in the median Protocerebrum. In the midbrain, 12 groups or individual neurons have been reconstructed. Four groups innervate areas of the superior lateral and ventral lateral Protocerebrum and the lateral horn. Two cell groups have bilateral arborizations anterior and posterior to the central body or in the superior median Protocerebrum. Ramifications in subunits of the central body and in the lateral and the median accessory lobes arise from four additional cell groups. Two local interneurons innervate the antennal lobe. A tritocerebral cell projects contralaterally into the frontal ganglion and appears to give rise to fibers in the recurrent nerve, and in the hypocerebral and ingluvial ganglia. Varicose fibers in the nervi corporis cardiaci III and the corpora cardiaca, and terminals on pharyngeal dilator muscles arise from two subesophageal neurons. Some of the locust neurons closely resemble immunopositive neurons in a beetle and a moth. Our results suggest that the peptide may be (1) a modulatory substance produced by many brain interneurons, and (2) a neurohormone released from subesophageal neurosecretory cells.
Marcel E. Sayre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shore crabs reveal novel evolutionary attributes of the mushroom body.
eLife, 2021Co-Authors: Nicholas James Strausfeld, Marcel E. SayreAbstract:Neural organization of mushroom bodies is largely consistent across insects, whereas the ancestral ground pattern diverges broadly across crustacean lineages resulting in successive loss of columns and the acquisition of domed centers retaining ancestral Hebbian-like networks and aminergic connections. We demonstrate here a major departure from this evolutionary trend in Brachyura, the most recent malacostracan lineage. In the shore crab Hemigrapsus nudus, instead of occupying the rostral surface of the lateral Protocerebrum, mushroom body calyces are buried deep within it with their columns extending outwards to an expansive system of gyri on the brain's surface. The organization amongst mushroom body neurons reaches extreme elaboration throughout its constituent neuropils. The calyces, columns, and especially the gyri show DC0 immunoreactivity, an indicator of extensive circuits involved in learning and memory.
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Shore crabs reveal novel evolutionary attributes of the mushroom body
2020Co-Authors: Nicholas James Strausfeld, Marcel E. SayreAbstract:Neural organization of mushroom bodies is largely consistent across insects, whereas the ancestral ground pattern diverges broadly across crustacean lineages, resulting in successive loss of columns and the acquisition of domed centers retaining ancestral Hebbian-like networks and aminergic connections. We demonstrate here a major departure from this evolutionary trend in Brachyura, the most recent malacostracan lineage. Instead of occupying the rostral surface of the lateral Protocerebrum, mushroom body calyces are buried deep within it, with their columns extending outwards to an expansive system of gyri on the brain surface. The organization amongst mushroom body neurons reaches extreme elaboration throughout its constituent neuropils. The calyces, columns, and especially the gyri show DC0 immunoreactivity, an indicator of extensive circuits involved in learning and memory.
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Mushroom bodies in crustaceans: Insect-like organization in the caridid shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Marcel E. Sayre, Nicholas James StrausfeldAbstract:Paired centers in the forebrain of insects, called the mushroom bodies, have become the most investigated brain region of any invertebrate due to novel genetic strategies that relate unique morphological attributes of these centers to their functional roles in learning and memory. Mushroom bodies possessing all the morphological attributes of those in dicondylic insects have been identified in mantis shrimps, basal hoplocarid crustaceans that are sister to Eumalacostraca, the most species-rich group of Crustacea. However, unless other examples of mushroom bodies can be identified in Eumalacostraca, the possibility is that mushroom body-like centers may have undergone convergent evolution in Hoplocarida and are unique to this crustacean lineage. Here, we provide evidence that speaks against convergent evolution, describing in detail the paired mushroom bodies in the lateral Protocerebrum of a decapod crustacean, Lebbeus groenlandicus, a species belonging to the infraorder Caridea, an ancient lineage of Eumalacostraca.
Nicholas James Strausfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shore crabs reveal novel evolutionary attributes of the mushroom body.
eLife, 2021Co-Authors: Nicholas James Strausfeld, Marcel E. SayreAbstract:Neural organization of mushroom bodies is largely consistent across insects, whereas the ancestral ground pattern diverges broadly across crustacean lineages resulting in successive loss of columns and the acquisition of domed centers retaining ancestral Hebbian-like networks and aminergic connections. We demonstrate here a major departure from this evolutionary trend in Brachyura, the most recent malacostracan lineage. In the shore crab Hemigrapsus nudus, instead of occupying the rostral surface of the lateral Protocerebrum, mushroom body calyces are buried deep within it with their columns extending outwards to an expansive system of gyri on the brain's surface. The organization amongst mushroom body neurons reaches extreme elaboration throughout its constituent neuropils. The calyces, columns, and especially the gyri show DC0 immunoreactivity, an indicator of extensive circuits involved in learning and memory.
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Shore crabs reveal novel evolutionary attributes of the mushroom body
2020Co-Authors: Nicholas James Strausfeld, Marcel E. SayreAbstract:Neural organization of mushroom bodies is largely consistent across insects, whereas the ancestral ground pattern diverges broadly across crustacean lineages, resulting in successive loss of columns and the acquisition of domed centers retaining ancestral Hebbian-like networks and aminergic connections. We demonstrate here a major departure from this evolutionary trend in Brachyura, the most recent malacostracan lineage. Instead of occupying the rostral surface of the lateral Protocerebrum, mushroom body calyces are buried deep within it, with their columns extending outwards to an expansive system of gyri on the brain surface. The organization amongst mushroom body neurons reaches extreme elaboration throughout its constituent neuropils. The calyces, columns, and especially the gyri show DC0 immunoreactivity, an indicator of extensive circuits involved in learning and memory.
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Mushroom bodies in crustaceans: Insect-like organization in the caridid shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Marcel E. Sayre, Nicholas James StrausfeldAbstract:Paired centers in the forebrain of insects, called the mushroom bodies, have become the most investigated brain region of any invertebrate due to novel genetic strategies that relate unique morphological attributes of these centers to their functional roles in learning and memory. Mushroom bodies possessing all the morphological attributes of those in dicondylic insects have been identified in mantis shrimps, basal hoplocarid crustaceans that are sister to Eumalacostraca, the most species-rich group of Crustacea. However, unless other examples of mushroom bodies can be identified in Eumalacostraca, the possibility is that mushroom body-like centers may have undergone convergent evolution in Hoplocarida and are unique to this crustacean lineage. Here, we provide evidence that speaks against convergent evolution, describing in detail the paired mushroom bodies in the lateral Protocerebrum of a decapod crustacean, Lebbeus groenlandicus, a species belonging to the infraorder Caridea, an ancient lineage of Eumalacostraca.
