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Richard Wall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The prevalence and distribution of sheep scab in Wales: a farmer questionnaire survey.
Medical and veterinary entomology, 2018Co-Authors: Charlotte Chivers, H. Rose Vineer, Richard WallAbstract:Outbreaks of ovine Psoroptic Mange in the U.K. have increased 100-fold since its deregulation in 1992, with the highest prevalence in Wales, a region of high sheep density. A cross-sectional, retrospective, questionnaire-based survey of 7500 members of the association of Welsh lamb and beef farmers [Welsh Lamb and Beef Producers Ltd (WLBP)] was used to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sheep scab in this region in 2015. The survey was completed by 14.0% (n = 972) of potential respondents. Scab outbreaks were reported on 15.8% (n = 154) of farms in 2015. However, 29.0% (n = 282) of farms reported at least one scab outbreak and 2.4% (n = 23) of farms had experienced between six and 10 outbreaks in the previous 10 years. Most outbreaks occurred during September-January (83.0%, n = 150), and were clustered around Brecon (mid-Wales) and Bangor (North Wales). Farmers who used common grazing were significantly more likely to report scab outbreaks in the previous 10 years than farmers who did not. No quarantine procedures for sheep bought in were used by 29.0% (n = 262) of farmers. Future research should be directed towards the development of localized management programmes, with a particular focus on areas of common grazing.
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First evidence of resistance to macrocyclic lactones, in Psoroptes ovis sheep scab mites in the UK
The Veterinary record, 2018Co-Authors: Emma Doherty, Sian Mitchell, Stewart T. G. Burgess, Richard WallAbstract:Ovine Psoroptic Mange (sheep scab) is an infection of substantial economic and animal welfare concern in the UK. Its prevalence has increased rapidly over the last 20 years and management is dependent on a small number of acaricidal compounds, many of which are also used to control a range of other endoparasites and ectoparasites. Here, the effects of the macrocyclic lactone (ML) moxidectin was considered using in vitro assays against mites from four farm populations where persistent treatment failure had been reported: two in West Wales, one from the England/Wales border and one in Herefordshire. The data demonstrate resistance in mites from all four farms. This is the first quantitative evidence of ML resistance in Psoroptes mites in the UK. Given the similarities in their mode of action it is highly likely that cross-resistance across the range of this class of compound will be found. The development of resistance to moxidectin is of considerable concern given the already high prevalence of scab infection in some regions; major difficulties in scab management should be anticipated if ML resistance becomes widely established in the UK.
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Cattle Mange in Great Britain
Livestock, 2015Co-Authors: Aiden P Foster, Sian Mitchell, Richard WallAbstract:Ectoparasites are almost ubiquitous on British cattle, reflecting the success of these parasites at retaining a residual population in the national herd. Chorioptes is the most common cause of Mange in cattle and given its surface feeding habits can be difficult to eradicate with current treatments. Psoroptic Mange has re-emerged in British cattle in recent years and while the prevalence of infestation is low this parasite poses a significant challenge for treatment especially in dairy cattle. Diagnosis of such ectoparasites is usually made by interpretation of signs of skin disease; definitive diagnosis requires microscopic examination of the ectoparasite, which can more accurately inform the implementation of control measures.
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Farmer perceptions of the prevalence and management of Psoroptes ovis infestation in sheep flocks in southwest England
The Veterinary record, 2013Co-Authors: Clare J Phythian, K. A. Phillips, Richard WallAbstract:Psoroptic Mange (scab) is a problem of significant concern for sheep welfare. Many aspects of the epidemiology of the disease contribute to difficulties in diagnosis and the prevention of transmission (O'Brien 1999). Scab is now estimated to cost the UK sheep industry over £8 million per year (Nieuwhof and Bishop 2005), with the costs of insecticide applications far exceeding the economic losses associated with mortality and reduced weight gain (ADAS 2008). The appropriate management of scab in the UK is, therefore, essential on both animal welfare and economic grounds. Sheep scab is highly localised on some farms, which are likely to report persistent outbreaks over several years (Rose and others 2009), suggesting there are likely to be specific management or environmental risk factors which distinguish the farms on which persistent scab is reported (Rose and Wall 2012). Identification of these risk factors is important since this would allow more effective focusing of management strategies, facilitating the development of regional programmes that target high-risk areas and optimise the use of time and resources (Sargison and others 2007). However, farmer willingness to engage is also an important factor to assess prior to developing costly management initiatives. A three-page, retrospective questionnaire was designed to gather information on the diagnosis and control of pruritic sheep and the control and treatment of scab-infested flocks in southwest England (defined for …
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Psoroptic Mange in cattle and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come.
The Veterinary record, 2012Co-Authors: Richard WallAbstract:THE first two ghosts that visit Ebenezer Scrooge on Christmas Eve in Charles Dickens' novel ‘A Christmas Carol’ tell him about his past mistakes, the current suffering for which he is responsible, and, finally, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come gives him a warning of the consequences of failing to change his ways. Unfortunately, in real life, spotting past errors and forecasting the future consequences of our current behaviour is usually more difficult and, because the proxy ghosts don't usually moan and rattle chains, they are rather less easy to spot. Nevertheless, the consequences of ignoring their message may be calamitous, as they would have been for Scrooge. Cattle Psoroptic Mange, caused by an infestation by Psoroptes mites, was first detected in Wales in 2007 in Pembrokeshire, probably imported on infected stock (Jones and others 2008). Psoroptic Mange is an important traumatic disease in cattle in parts of continental Europe, particularly affecting the Belgian Blue breed, resulting in severe irritation and scratching, hair loss, skin damage and weight loss; eventually, if untreated, it may result in death from various secondary causes such as dehydration or bacterial septicaemia. Following introduction to the UK, the mites have spread …
T. Lindner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ivermectin treatment of bovine Psoroptic Mange: effects on serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality
Parasitology Research, 2016Co-Authors: S. Rehbein, M. Visser, M. Meyer, T. LindnerAbstract:Psoroptic Mange is a skin disease which may result in serious health and welfare problems and important economic losses. Apart from the effect on weight gain, little information is available concerning other responses of the organism consequent to the successful therapy of bovine Psoroptic Mange. Accordingly, serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality of young bulls with experimentally induced clinical Psoroptes ovis Mange and treated with either ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC^® GOLD, Merial) or saline ( n = 16 each) were examined 8 weeks after treatment when all IVM LAI-treated bulls were free of live P. ovis mites while the saline-treated bulls maintained clinical Mange. IVM LAI-treated bulls had higher ( p
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Ivermectin treatment of bovine Psoroptic Mange: effects on serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality.
Parasitology research, 2015Co-Authors: S. Rehbein, M. Visser, Michael T. Meyer, T. LindnerAbstract:Psoroptic Mange is a skin disease which may result in serious health and welfare problems and important economic losses. Apart from the effect on weight gain, little information is available concerning other responses of the organism consequent to the successful therapy of bovine Psoroptic Mange. Accordingly, serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality of young bulls with experimentally induced clinical Psoroptes ovis Mange and treated with either ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC® GOLD, Merial) or saline (n = 16 each) were examined 8 weeks after treatment when all IVM LAI-treated bulls were free of live P. ovis mites while the saline-treated bulls maintained clinical Mange. IVM LAI-treated bulls had higher (p < 0.05) alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, and albumin levels and lower (p < 0.01) total protein and β- and γ-globulin levels than the saline-treated bulls. Complete blood counts revealed higher leukocyte counts associated with higher eosinophil counts and higher platelet counts in the saline-treated compared to the IVM LAI-treated bulls (p < 0.01). Correlating with body weight, the warm carcass weight of the saline-treated bulls was lower than that of the IVM LAI-treated bulls (p < 0.05). Absolute and relative (organ weight divided by body weight) weights of the spleen, thymus, omental fat, and perirenal fat were higher (p < 0.01) for the IVM LAI-treated bulls than for the saline-treated bulls, while the IVM LAI-treated bulls had lower (p < 0.05) absolute and relative weights of the liver, adrenal glands, and selected lymph nodes than the saline-treated bulls. The leathers produced from the IVM LAI-treated bulls showed significantly (p < 0.001) less severe gouging or etching than leathers from the saline-treated bulls, and significantly (p < 0.05) more leather from the IVM LAI-treated bulls was of usable quality than the size of leather from the saline-treated bulls. Overall, these findings provided evidence that many changes, which are indicative of impaired protein and energy metabolism, immune system function, and performance resultant from clinical Psoroptic Mange, improved substantially within 8 weeks of successful treatment with injectable ivermectin.
Sirri Kar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eprinomectin treatment of Psoroptic Mange in hunter jumper and dressage horses a prospective randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Kerem Ural, Bulent Ulutas, Sirri KarAbstract:The purpose of this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of topical eprinomectin for the treatment of Psoroptic Mange infestation in horses. 24 privately owned hunter/jumper and dressage horses were diagnosed with Psoroptic Mange infestation based on physical findings and skin scraping results were enrolled and randomly assigned to either topical eprinomectin pour-on solution (at a dose of 500microg/kg body weight weekly once for four applications) treatment group or a placebo group (purified water). Clinical evaluations and skin scrapings were done by the same veterinary investigator at the beginning, during and at the end of the treatment. Both owners and veterinary investigator were blinded to the allocation to the groups. The efficacy of eprinomectin was assessed both clinically and parasitologically by the presence or absence of viable mites. Horses were scraped for Psoroptic mites on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 40 for follow-up. Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences between the eprinomectin treatment and placebo in the number of horses without mites (cure rates) on each assessment date. It was found that significantly fewer eprinomectin treated horses had P. equi mites detected on skin scrapings (p<0.01) than the placebo group. In conclusion, eprinomectin was effective and safe therapy against natural infestations of P. equi in the horses included in this study.
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Eprinomectin treatment of Psoroptic Mange in hunter/jumper and dressage horses: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Kerem Ural, Bulent Ulutas, Sirri KarAbstract:The purpose of this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of topical eprinomectin for the treatment of Psoroptic Mange infestation in horses. 24 privately owned hunter/jumper and dressage horses were diagnosed with Psoroptic Mange infestation based on physical findings and skin scraping results were enrolled and randomly assigned to either topical eprinomectin pour-on solution (at a dose of 500microg/kg body weight weekly once for four applications) treatment group or a placebo group (purified water). Clinical evaluations and skin scrapings were done by the same veterinary investigator at the beginning, during and at the end of the treatment. Both owners and veterinary investigator were blinded to the allocation to the groups. The efficacy of eprinomectin was assessed both clinically and parasitologically by the presence or absence of viable mites. Horses were scraped for Psoroptic mites on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 40 for follow-up. Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences between the eprinomectin treatment and placebo in the number of horses without mites (cure rates) on each assessment date. It was found that significantly fewer eprinomectin treated horses had P. equi mites detected on skin scrapings (p
Kerem Ural - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eprinomectin treatment of Psoroptic Mange in hunter jumper and dressage horses a prospective randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Kerem Ural, Bulent Ulutas, Sirri KarAbstract:The purpose of this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of topical eprinomectin for the treatment of Psoroptic Mange infestation in horses. 24 privately owned hunter/jumper and dressage horses were diagnosed with Psoroptic Mange infestation based on physical findings and skin scraping results were enrolled and randomly assigned to either topical eprinomectin pour-on solution (at a dose of 500microg/kg body weight weekly once for four applications) treatment group or a placebo group (purified water). Clinical evaluations and skin scrapings were done by the same veterinary investigator at the beginning, during and at the end of the treatment. Both owners and veterinary investigator were blinded to the allocation to the groups. The efficacy of eprinomectin was assessed both clinically and parasitologically by the presence or absence of viable mites. Horses were scraped for Psoroptic mites on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 40 for follow-up. Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences between the eprinomectin treatment and placebo in the number of horses without mites (cure rates) on each assessment date. It was found that significantly fewer eprinomectin treated horses had P. equi mites detected on skin scrapings (p<0.01) than the placebo group. In conclusion, eprinomectin was effective and safe therapy against natural infestations of P. equi in the horses included in this study.
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Eprinomectin treatment of Psoroptic Mange in hunter/jumper and dressage horses: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008Co-Authors: Kerem Ural, Bulent Ulutas, Sirri KarAbstract:The purpose of this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of topical eprinomectin for the treatment of Psoroptic Mange infestation in horses. 24 privately owned hunter/jumper and dressage horses were diagnosed with Psoroptic Mange infestation based on physical findings and skin scraping results were enrolled and randomly assigned to either topical eprinomectin pour-on solution (at a dose of 500microg/kg body weight weekly once for four applications) treatment group or a placebo group (purified water). Clinical evaluations and skin scrapings were done by the same veterinary investigator at the beginning, during and at the end of the treatment. Both owners and veterinary investigator were blinded to the allocation to the groups. The efficacy of eprinomectin was assessed both clinically and parasitologically by the presence or absence of viable mites. Horses were scraped for Psoroptic mites on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 40 for follow-up. Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences between the eprinomectin treatment and placebo in the number of horses without mites (cure rates) on each assessment date. It was found that significantly fewer eprinomectin treated horses had P. equi mites detected on skin scrapings (p
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Use of selamectin for the treatment of Psoroptic and sarcoptic mite infestation in rabbits.
Veterinary Dermatology, 2007Co-Authors: Arif Kurtdede, Zafer Karaer, Abuzer Acar, Murat Guzel, Cagri C Cingi, Kerem UralAbstract:Selamectin, a novel avermectin compound, was evaluated for its efficacy against naturally occurring infestations of Psoroptes cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei. A total of 42 New Zealand rabbits with Psoroptic Mange and 37 Angora rabbits with sarcoptic Mange were used in the present study. On day 0, infested rabbits were treated topically with either selamectin at minimum dose of 6 mg kg−1 (6–18 mg kg−1 for New Zealand rabbits, n = 31 and 10–12 mg kg−1 for Angora rabbits, n = 23) or vehicle only (control groups, n = 11 for New Zealand rabbits, n = 14 for Angora rabbits). The efficacy of selamectin was assessed both clinically and parasitologically by the presence or absence of viable mites. Rabbits were scraped for sarcoptic mites on days 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 and had otoscopeic and/or microscopic examination for the detection of Psoroptes mites on days 7, 14, 42 and 56. Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences between the vehicle and selamectin treatment in the number of rabbits without mites (cure rates) on each assessment date. It was found that significantly fewer selamectin-treated rabbits had mites detected on skin scrapings (for S. scabiei) or otoscopeic and/or microscopic examination (for P. cuniculi) (P
S. Rehbein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ivermectin treatment of bovine Psoroptic Mange: effects on serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality
Parasitology Research, 2016Co-Authors: S. Rehbein, M. Visser, M. Meyer, T. LindnerAbstract:Psoroptic Mange is a skin disease which may result in serious health and welfare problems and important economic losses. Apart from the effect on weight gain, little information is available concerning other responses of the organism consequent to the successful therapy of bovine Psoroptic Mange. Accordingly, serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality of young bulls with experimentally induced clinical Psoroptes ovis Mange and treated with either ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC^® GOLD, Merial) or saline ( n = 16 each) were examined 8 weeks after treatment when all IVM LAI-treated bulls were free of live P. ovis mites while the saline-treated bulls maintained clinical Mange. IVM LAI-treated bulls had higher ( p
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Ivermectin treatment of bovine Psoroptic Mange: effects on serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality.
Parasitology research, 2015Co-Authors: S. Rehbein, M. Visser, Michael T. Meyer, T. LindnerAbstract:Psoroptic Mange is a skin disease which may result in serious health and welfare problems and important economic losses. Apart from the effect on weight gain, little information is available concerning other responses of the organism consequent to the successful therapy of bovine Psoroptic Mange. Accordingly, serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality of young bulls with experimentally induced clinical Psoroptes ovis Mange and treated with either ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC® GOLD, Merial) or saline (n = 16 each) were examined 8 weeks after treatment when all IVM LAI-treated bulls were free of live P. ovis mites while the saline-treated bulls maintained clinical Mange. IVM LAI-treated bulls had higher (p < 0.05) alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, and albumin levels and lower (p < 0.01) total protein and β- and γ-globulin levels than the saline-treated bulls. Complete blood counts revealed higher leukocyte counts associated with higher eosinophil counts and higher platelet counts in the saline-treated compared to the IVM LAI-treated bulls (p < 0.01). Correlating with body weight, the warm carcass weight of the saline-treated bulls was lower than that of the IVM LAI-treated bulls (p < 0.05). Absolute and relative (organ weight divided by body weight) weights of the spleen, thymus, omental fat, and perirenal fat were higher (p < 0.01) for the IVM LAI-treated bulls than for the saline-treated bulls, while the IVM LAI-treated bulls had lower (p < 0.05) absolute and relative weights of the liver, adrenal glands, and selected lymph nodes than the saline-treated bulls. The leathers produced from the IVM LAI-treated bulls showed significantly (p < 0.001) less severe gouging or etching than leathers from the saline-treated bulls, and significantly (p < 0.05) more leather from the IVM LAI-treated bulls was of usable quality than the size of leather from the saline-treated bulls. Overall, these findings provided evidence that many changes, which are indicative of impaired protein and energy metabolism, immune system function, and performance resultant from clinical Psoroptic Mange, improved substantially within 8 weeks of successful treatment with injectable ivermectin.
