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Georg Schomerus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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public attitudes towards psychiatry and Psychiatric Treatment at the beginning of the 21st century a systematic review and meta analysis of population surveys
World Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Matthias C Angermeyer, Sandra Van Der Auwera, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Georg SchomerusAbstract:Public attitudes towards psychiatry are crucial determinants of help-seeking for mental illness. It has been argued that psychiatry as a discipline enjoys low esteem among the public, and a "crisis" of psychiatry has been noted. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies examining public attitudes towards various aspects of Psychiatric care. Our search in PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO and bibliographies yielded 162 papers based on population surveys conducted since 2000 and published no later than 2015. We found that professional help for mental disorders generally enjoys high esteem. While general practitioners are the preferred source of help for depression, mental health professionals are the most trusted helpers for schizophrenia. If respondents have to rank sources of help, they tend to favor mental health professionals, while open questions yield results more favorable to general practitioners. Psychiatrists and psychologists/psychotherapists are equally recommended for the Treatment of schizophrenia, while for depression psychologists/psychotherapists are more recommended, at least in Europe and America. Psychotherapy is consistently preferred over medication. Attitudes towards seeking help from psychiatrists or psychologists/psychotherapists as well as towards medication and psychotherapy have markedly improved over the last twenty-five years. Biological concepts of mental illness are associated with stronger approval of Psychiatric help, particularly medication. Self-stigma and negative attitudes towards persons with mental illness decrease the likelihood of personally considering Psychiatric help. In conclusion, the public readily recommends Psychiatric help for the Treatment of mental disorders. Psychotherapy is the most popular method of Psychiatric Treatment. A useful strategy to further improve the public image of psychiatry could be to stress that listening and understanding are at the core of Psychiatric care.
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attitudes towards Psychiatric Treatment and people with mental illness changes over two decades
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Matthias C Angermeyer, Herbert Matschinger, Georg SchomerusAbstract:Background Over the past decades, psychiatry, as a science and a clinical discipline, has witnessed profound changes. Aims To examine whether these changes are reflected in changes in the public’s conceptualisation of mental disorders, the acceptance of mental health Treatment and attitudes towards people with mental illness. Method In 1990 and 2011, population surveys were conducted in Germany on public attitudes about schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence. Results Although the public has become more inclined to endorse a biological causation of schizophrenia, the opposite trend was observed with the other two disorders. The public’s readiness to recommend help-seeking from mental health professionals and using psychotherapy and psychotropic medication has increased considerably. Attitudes towards people with schizophrenia worsened, whereas for depression and alcohol dependence no or inconsistent changes were found. Conclusions The growing divide between attitudes towards schizophrenia and other mental disorders should be of particular concern to future anti-stigma campaigns.
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the stigma of Psychiatric Treatment and help seeking intentions for depression
Gesundheitswesen, 2009Co-Authors: Georg Schomerus, Herbert Matschinger, Matthias C AngermeyerAbstract:The stigma of mental illness has often been considered a potential cause for reluctant willingness to seek help for mental problems, but there is little evidence on this issue. We examine two aspects of stigma related to seeing a psychiatrist and their association with help-seeking intentions for depression: anticipated discrimination by others when seeking help and desire for social distance from those seeking help. Representative population survey in Germany 2007 (n = 2,303), containing a depression vignette with a question on readiness to seek Psychiatric care for this problem, a focus group developed scale anticipated discrimination when seeing a psychiatrist (ADSP), and a scale on desire for social distance from someone seeing a psychiatrist (SDSP). We further elicited previous contact to Psychiatric Treatment, depressive symptoms, and socio-demographic data. Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ADSP 0.87, SDSP 0.81). Exploratory factor analysis of all items revealed a distinct factor representing the social distance scale and three factors “anticipated discrimination”, “anticipated job problems” and “anticipated shame” derived from the ADSP scale. In both the general population and in those with current depressive syndrome, personal desire for social distance significantly decreased willingness to seek Psychiatric help, but anticipated discrimination by others did not. Other factors related to likely help-seeking were female gender and previous contact to Psychiatric Treatment or to psychotherapy. Contrary to expectations, anticipated discrimination from others was unrelated to help-seeking intentions, while personal discriminatory attitudes seem to hinder help-seeking. Our findings point to self-stigmatization as an important mechanism decreasing the willingness to seek Psychiatric help.
Matthias C Angermeyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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public attitudes towards psychiatry and Psychiatric Treatment at the beginning of the 21st century a systematic review and meta analysis of population surveys
World Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Matthias C Angermeyer, Sandra Van Der Auwera, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Georg SchomerusAbstract:Public attitudes towards psychiatry are crucial determinants of help-seeking for mental illness. It has been argued that psychiatry as a discipline enjoys low esteem among the public, and a "crisis" of psychiatry has been noted. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies examining public attitudes towards various aspects of Psychiatric care. Our search in PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO and bibliographies yielded 162 papers based on population surveys conducted since 2000 and published no later than 2015. We found that professional help for mental disorders generally enjoys high esteem. While general practitioners are the preferred source of help for depression, mental health professionals are the most trusted helpers for schizophrenia. If respondents have to rank sources of help, they tend to favor mental health professionals, while open questions yield results more favorable to general practitioners. Psychiatrists and psychologists/psychotherapists are equally recommended for the Treatment of schizophrenia, while for depression psychologists/psychotherapists are more recommended, at least in Europe and America. Psychotherapy is consistently preferred over medication. Attitudes towards seeking help from psychiatrists or psychologists/psychotherapists as well as towards medication and psychotherapy have markedly improved over the last twenty-five years. Biological concepts of mental illness are associated with stronger approval of Psychiatric help, particularly medication. Self-stigma and negative attitudes towards persons with mental illness decrease the likelihood of personally considering Psychiatric help. In conclusion, the public readily recommends Psychiatric help for the Treatment of mental disorders. Psychotherapy is the most popular method of Psychiatric Treatment. A useful strategy to further improve the public image of psychiatry could be to stress that listening and understanding are at the core of Psychiatric care.
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attitudes towards Psychiatric Treatment and people with mental illness changes over two decades
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Matthias C Angermeyer, Herbert Matschinger, Georg SchomerusAbstract:Background Over the past decades, psychiatry, as a science and a clinical discipline, has witnessed profound changes. Aims To examine whether these changes are reflected in changes in the public’s conceptualisation of mental disorders, the acceptance of mental health Treatment and attitudes towards people with mental illness. Method In 1990 and 2011, population surveys were conducted in Germany on public attitudes about schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence. Results Although the public has become more inclined to endorse a biological causation of schizophrenia, the opposite trend was observed with the other two disorders. The public’s readiness to recommend help-seeking from mental health professionals and using psychotherapy and psychotropic medication has increased considerably. Attitudes towards people with schizophrenia worsened, whereas for depression and alcohol dependence no or inconsistent changes were found. Conclusions The growing divide between attitudes towards schizophrenia and other mental disorders should be of particular concern to future anti-stigma campaigns.
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the stigma of Psychiatric Treatment and help seeking intentions for depression
Gesundheitswesen, 2009Co-Authors: Georg Schomerus, Herbert Matschinger, Matthias C AngermeyerAbstract:The stigma of mental illness has often been considered a potential cause for reluctant willingness to seek help for mental problems, but there is little evidence on this issue. We examine two aspects of stigma related to seeing a psychiatrist and their association with help-seeking intentions for depression: anticipated discrimination by others when seeking help and desire for social distance from those seeking help. Representative population survey in Germany 2007 (n = 2,303), containing a depression vignette with a question on readiness to seek Psychiatric care for this problem, a focus group developed scale anticipated discrimination when seeing a psychiatrist (ADSP), and a scale on desire for social distance from someone seeing a psychiatrist (SDSP). We further elicited previous contact to Psychiatric Treatment, depressive symptoms, and socio-demographic data. Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ADSP 0.87, SDSP 0.81). Exploratory factor analysis of all items revealed a distinct factor representing the social distance scale and three factors “anticipated discrimination”, “anticipated job problems” and “anticipated shame” derived from the ADSP scale. In both the general population and in those with current depressive syndrome, personal desire for social distance significantly decreased willingness to seek Psychiatric help, but anticipated discrimination by others did not. Other factors related to likely help-seeking were female gender and previous contact to Psychiatric Treatment or to psychotherapy. Contrary to expectations, anticipated discrimination from others was unrelated to help-seeking intentions, while personal discriminatory attitudes seem to hinder help-seeking. Our findings point to self-stigmatization as an important mechanism decreasing the willingness to seek Psychiatric help.
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public attitude towards Psychiatric Treatment
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1996Co-Authors: Matthias C Angermeyer, Herbert MatschingerAbstract:Past research on help-seeking behaviour and compliance among the mentally ill has mainly been focused on the examination of individual and structural determinants, while the impact of the socio-cultural context has been largely neglected. To examine this impact, we conducted a representative survey among German citizens who were eligible to vote. By means of vignettes describing different mental disorders we recorded the lay public's for various Treatment methods, together with their subjective reasons for voicing these particular preferences. While we found that psychotherapy was generally held in high esteem by the lay public, psychopharmacotherapy was rejected by the vast majority of respondents. This pattern was observed for all of the mental disorders included in our survey. While the public's image of psychotherapy is largely determined by popular views on psychoanalysis, public opinion about psychotropic drugs is strongly influenced by characteristics associated with tranquillizers. Among the different psychotherapeutic approaches, psychoanalysis is the preferred method among respondents in the western part of Germany, while the lay public in the eastern part tends to endorse group therapy. Finally, our research showed a considerable difference between the conceptions held by the lay public and those of Psychiatric experts with regard to the adequate Treatment of mental disorders. This, in turn, should not be without consequence for help-seeking behaviour and patient compliance.
Chris Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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involuntary Psychiatric Treatment in the community general practitioners and the implementation of community Treatment orders
Australian Family Physician, 2015Co-Authors: Edwina Light, Michael Robertson, Ian Kerridge, Philip Boyce, Terry Carney, Alan Rosen, Michelle Cleary, Glenn E Hunt, Nick Oconnor, Chris RyanAbstract:Background: There are no data about general practitioners' (GPs') involvement in involuntary Psychiatric community Treatment orders (CTOs). We examined stakeholder perspectives on the GP's role in this area. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted around CTO experiences with 38 participants: patients, carers, clinicians and Mental Health Review Tribunal members. Data were analysed using established qualitative methodologies. Results: Sixteen participants specifically spoke about GPs. The analysis identified four themes in their accounts: GPs as 'instruments' of CTOs; GPs as primary caregivers within a CTO; GPs as 'outsiders'; and practical challenges for GPs. Within these themes, participants identified the value of GPs in the provision of care for people living with severe and persistent mental illness, the challenges of coercive processes and the dangers of GPs being isolated from them. Discussion: GPs play an important role in the implementation of CTOs. Failure to better integrate GPs in the care of people on CTOs appears to be a significant shortcoming of its implementation.
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the capacity to refuse Psychiatric Treatment a guide to the law for clinicians and tribunal members
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Chris Ryan, Sascha Callaghan, Carmelle PeisahAbstract:Objective:In some Australian states clinicians and mental health tribunal members are already required to assess a person’s decision-making capacity before involuntary Treatment can be applied. Professionals in other jurisdictions will likely soon be required to do the same as mental health law reform in most Australian jurisdictions makes the assessment of decision-making capacity a central component of the process of providing unconsented Psychiatric Treatment. We provide a guide to the legal issues around the capacity to refuse Psychiatric Treatment to assist with this task.Method:We review the legislation in the four Australian states most advanced in the mental health law reform process and use examples from clinical practice and the common law to describe how decision-making capacity should be assessed by these statutory standards.Results:Clinicians and tribunal members will primarily be required to judge whether a person with mental illness can understand the information relevant to the Treatment d...
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mental health laws that require dangerousness for involuntary admission may delay the initial Treatment of schizophrenia
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2008Co-Authors: Matthew Large, Chris Ryan, Olav Nielssen, Robert A HayesAbstract:Introduction A long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with a worse prognosis, an increased risk of suicide and may be linked to serious violence. Mental health laws that require patients to be dangerous to themselves or to others before they can receive involuntary Psychiatric Treatment may make it more difficult to treat patients in their first episode of psychosis.
Glyn Lewis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurotic disorders and the receipt of Psychiatric Treatment
International Review of Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Paul Bebbington, T Brugha, Howard Meltzer, Rachel Jenkins, C Ceresa, Michael Farrell, Glyn LewisAbstract:Access to Psychiatric Treatment by people with neurotic disorders in the general population is likely to be affected both by the severity of disorder and by sociodemographic differences. In the household component of the National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity >10,000 subjects in Great Britain with Psychiatric symptoms were interviewed using the CIS-R. They were also asked about difficulties experienced in performing seven types of everyday activity. All subjects classed as having an ICD-10 disorder were questioned about their experience of Treatment with antidepressants, hypnotics, and counselling or psychotherapy. Less than 14% of people with current neurotic disorders were receiving Treatment for them. Within the previous year, only a third had made contact with their primary care physician for their mental problem: of these <30% were receiving Treatment. Overall, 9% of people with disorders were given medication and 8% counselling or psychotherapy. A diagnosis of depressive episode was that most ass...
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neurotic disorders and the receipt of Psychiatric Treatment
Psychological Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Paul Bebbington, T Brugha, Howard Meltzer, Rachel Jenkins, C Ceresa, Michael Farrell, Glyn LewisAbstract:Background. Access to Psychiatric Treatment by people with neurotic disorders in the general population is likely to be affected both by the severity of disorder and by sociodemographic differences.Method. In the household component of the National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity > 10000 subjects in Great Britain with Psychiatric symptoms were interviewed using the CIS-R. They were also asked about difficulties experienced in performing seven types of everyday activity. All subjects classed as having an ICD-10 disorder were questioned about their experience of Treatment with antidepressants, hypnotics, and counselling or psychotherapy.Results. Less than 14 % of people with current neurotic disorders were receiving Treatment for them. Within the previous year, only a third had made contact with their primary care physician for their mental problem: of these < 30 % were receiving Treatment. Overall, 9 % of people with disorders were given medication and 8 % counselling or psychotherapy. A diagnosis of depressive episode was that most associated with antidepressant medication. Treatment access was affected by employment status, marital status, and age, but the major determinant was symptom severity. Neither sex nor social class influenced which people received Treatment.Conclusions. People with Psychiatric disorders seldom receive Treatment, even when they have consulted their primary care physician about them. In many cases, this must represent unmet needs with a strong claim on health resources. There are also inequalities in the receipt of Treatment, although the major influence is the severity of disorder.
Michael Farrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurotic disorders and the receipt of Psychiatric Treatment
International Review of Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Paul Bebbington, T Brugha, Howard Meltzer, Rachel Jenkins, C Ceresa, Michael Farrell, Glyn LewisAbstract:Access to Psychiatric Treatment by people with neurotic disorders in the general population is likely to be affected both by the severity of disorder and by sociodemographic differences. In the household component of the National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity >10,000 subjects in Great Britain with Psychiatric symptoms were interviewed using the CIS-R. They were also asked about difficulties experienced in performing seven types of everyday activity. All subjects classed as having an ICD-10 disorder were questioned about their experience of Treatment with antidepressants, hypnotics, and counselling or psychotherapy. Less than 14% of people with current neurotic disorders were receiving Treatment for them. Within the previous year, only a third had made contact with their primary care physician for their mental problem: of these <30% were receiving Treatment. Overall, 9% of people with disorders were given medication and 8% counselling or psychotherapy. A diagnosis of depressive episode was that most ass...
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neurotic disorders and the receipt of Psychiatric Treatment
Psychological Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Paul Bebbington, T Brugha, Howard Meltzer, Rachel Jenkins, C Ceresa, Michael Farrell, Glyn LewisAbstract:Background. Access to Psychiatric Treatment by people with neurotic disorders in the general population is likely to be affected both by the severity of disorder and by sociodemographic differences.Method. In the household component of the National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity > 10000 subjects in Great Britain with Psychiatric symptoms were interviewed using the CIS-R. They were also asked about difficulties experienced in performing seven types of everyday activity. All subjects classed as having an ICD-10 disorder were questioned about their experience of Treatment with antidepressants, hypnotics, and counselling or psychotherapy.Results. Less than 14 % of people with current neurotic disorders were receiving Treatment for them. Within the previous year, only a third had made contact with their primary care physician for their mental problem: of these < 30 % were receiving Treatment. Overall, 9 % of people with disorders were given medication and 8 % counselling or psychotherapy. A diagnosis of depressive episode was that most associated with antidepressant medication. Treatment access was affected by employment status, marital status, and age, but the major determinant was symptom severity. Neither sex nor social class influenced which people received Treatment.Conclusions. People with Psychiatric disorders seldom receive Treatment, even when they have consulted their primary care physician about them. In many cases, this must represent unmet needs with a strong claim on health resources. There are also inequalities in the receipt of Treatment, although the major influence is the severity of disorder.
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Psychiatric symptoms among clients seeking Treatment for drug dependence intake data from the national Treatment outcome research study
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2000Co-Authors: John Marsden, Michael Gossop, Duncan Stewart, Alexandra Rolfe, Michael FarrellAbstract:Background Many people with substance use disorders are vulnerable to other Psychiatric disorders and present to addiction Treatment services with comorbid Psychiatric symptoms. Aims To describe the prevalence of recent Psychiatric Treatment and current Psychiatric symptoms and explore links between substance misuse, personal/social functioning and symptom severity. Method Subjects were 1075 adults recruited to the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS), of whom 90% were opiate-dependent. Psychiatric symptoms at intake were recorded using sub-scales from the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results Recent Psychiatric Treatment was reported by one in five subjects. Psychiatric symptom levels were high and females had elevated scores on all scales. Symptoms were elevated among opiate users who were also frequent users of benzodiazepines, alcohol and, in particular, stimulants. Gender, physical health, drug dependence and personal relationship problems were more powerful predictors of Psychiatric symptoms than substance use. Conclusions Addictions service providers should be vigilant to Psychiatric problems among their clients at intake to Treatment. Psychiatric symptoms are more closely linked to polydrug use than to opiate use in this population.
